CHAPTER XVII.

Distribution of Actinozoa in space-Coral-reefs, their structure, and

mode of origin-Distribution of Actinozoa in time-Literature

of Cœlenterata,

CHAPTER XVIII.

171-179

Annuloida-General characters of the Annuloida-General characters

of the Echinodermata -Development of the Echinodermata-

Divisions of Echinodermata,

CHAPTER XIX.

180-183

Echinoidea-General characters-Anatomy of Echinus-Divisions of

Echinoidea,

CHAPTER XX.

183-191

Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea—General characters of the Asteroidea—

Divisions of the Asteroidea-General characters of the Ophiuroi-

dea-Families of the Ophiuroidea,

CHAPTER XXI.

191-197

Crinoidea, Cystoidea, and Blastoidea-General characters of Crinoi-

dea-Of Cystoidea-Of Blastoidea,

198-206

Holothuroidea - General characters Sub-orders of Holothuroi-

dea,

CHAPTER XXIII.

206-209

Distribution of Echinodermata in space-Distribution of Echinoder-

mata in time-Crinoidea-Blastoidea-Cystoidea-Asteroidea-

Ophiuroidea-Echinoidea-Holothuroidea-Literature of Echino-

dermata,

209-214

CHAPTER XXIV.

Scolecida-General characters of the class Scolecida - Entozoa-

Platyelmia-Tæniada-Structure and development of the Tape-

Trematoda and Turbellaria-General characters of the Trematoda-

General characters of the Turbellaria Planarida Nemer-

tida-Balanoglossus and Tornaria-Pelagonemertidæ,

Nematelmia - Acanthocephala - Gordiacea - Nematoda - Parasitic

Nematoids-Free Nematoids,

227-233

CHAPTER XXVII.

Rotifera-General characters of the Rotifera-Affinities of the Roti-

fera-Literature of Scolecida,

233-239

CHAPTER XXVIII.

Annulosa--General characters of the Annulosa -General characters

of the Anarthropoda-Class Gephyrea-General characters of

the class Annelida,

CHAPTER XXIX.

240-244

Divisions of the Annelida-Hirudinea - Oligochata — Tubicola-

Errantia-Distribution of the Annelida in time-Tabular view of

the Annelida-Class Chaetognatha― Literature of Anarthro-

poda,
245-258

CHAPTER XXX.

Arthropoda-General characters-Divisions of Arthropoda, 258-259

CHAPTER XXXI.

Crustacea-Characters of the class Crustacea-General morphology of

Crustacea-Divisions of Crustacea,

259-268

CHAPTER XXXII.

Epizoa-Ichthyophthira- Rhizocephala - Cirripedia-Characters of

Cirripedia Development-Reproduction-Divisions,

268-276

Copepoda — Branchio-

-

276-285

poda - Cladocera - Phyllopoda — Trilobita - Merostomata

Xiphosura-Eurypterida,.

CHAPTER XXXIV.

Malacostraca-Edriophthalmata-Læmodipoda-Amphipoda-Iso-

poda-Podophthalmata-Stomapoda - Decapoda - Macrura -

Anomura-Brachyura,

CHAPTER XXXV.

286-295

Distribution of the Crustacea in space-Distribution of the Crustacea

in time,

295-297

CHAPTER XXXVI.

General characters and divisions of the Arachnida,

CHAPTER XXXVII.

298-302

Divisions of the Arachnida-Podosomata-Acarina-Adelarthroso-

mata Pedipalpi — Araneida Distribution of Arachnida in

time,

Myriapoda - General characters of the class-Chilopoda - Chilog-

natha-Pauropoda - Onychophora - Distribution of Myriapoda

in time,

CHAPTER XXXIX.

General characters of the Insecta-Metamorphoses of Insects-Sexes

of Insects-Distribution of Insects in time,

CHAPTER XL.

316-327

Divisions of the Insecta-Anoplura-Mallophaga-Collembola-Thy-

sanura-Hemiptera — Orthoptera — Neuroptera—Aphaniptera—

Diptera - Lepidoptera - Hymenoptera — Strepsiptera — Coleop-

tera-Literature of Arthropoda,

CHAPTER XLI.

327-348

General characters of the Mollusca-Digestive system-Circulatory

system-Respiratory system-Nervous system-Reproduction-

Shell,

349-353

Molluscoida-Polyzoa-Distinctions between the Polyzoa and Hy-

drozoa-Polypide of the Polyzoa-Anatomy of the Polyzoa-

Reproduction and development-Divisions of the Polyzoa-

Affinities of the Polyzoa - Distribution of the Polyzoa in

Tunicata― General characters-Development-Types of- Homolo-

gies-Divisions-Distribution of Tunicata in space and time,

CHAPTER XLIV.

363-370

Brachiopoda-General characters-Shell-Arms-Atrial system-De-

velopment of Affinities of-Divisions of-Distribution of, in

space and time,

CHAPTER XLV.

370-377

General characters and divisions of the Mollusca Proper-Lamelli-

branchiata-General characters and anatomy-Divisions-Distri-

bution of the Lamellibranchiata in time,

378-386

CHAPTER XLVI.

Encephala-Gasteropoda-General characters-Development-Shell

of Gasteropoda,

386-393

CHAPTER XLVII.

Divisions of the Gasteropoda-Prosobranchiata-Opisthobranchiata-

Heteropoda Pulmonate Gasteropoda-Distribution of Gastero-

poda in space and time,

CHAPTER XLVIII.

393-398

Pteropoda-General characters-Divisions-Families-Distribution

in time,

• 398-400

CHAPTER XLIX.

Cephalopoda-General characters-Arms-Respiratory organs-Re-

productive process-Shell,

CHAPTER L.

400-408

Dibranchiate Cephalopods-General characters-Octopoda-Argon-
lida-Belemnitide-Tetrabranchiate Cephalopods-Structure of
the Pearly Nautilus-Shell of the Tetrabranchiata-Nautilida-
Ammonitida--Distribution of the Cephalopoda in space and time
-Literature of Mollusca,
408-423

autida-Octopodidæ-Decapoda-Teuthida-Sepiada-Spiru-

CHAPTER LI.

General characters of the Vertebrata-Osseous system-Digestive sys-
Circulation Respiration Nervous system

tem

-

- Blood -

Organs of sense

ture,

Reproduction — Divisions - General litera-

425-442

CHAPTER LII.

General characters of Fishes-Integumentary system-Osseous system

-Fins - Respiration - Circulation - Digestive system - Swim-

bladder-Nervous system-Olfactory organs-Reproduction, 443-456

-

CHAPTER LIII.

Pharyngobranchii-Marsipobranchii,

- CHAPTER LIV.

457-462

Teleostei-Sub-orders-Malacopteri - Anacanthini-Acanthopteri-

Plectognathi-Lophobranchii,

CHAPTER LV.

Ganoidea-Sub-orders-Lepidoganoidei-Placoganoidei, .

CHAPTER LVI.

462-469

469-475

Elasmobranchii and Dipnoi-Sub-orders of Elasmobranchii-Holo-

Orders of Amphibia-Ophiomorpha-Urodela-Anoura-Develop-
ment of Frog-Families of Anoura—Labyrinthodontia—Distribu-
tion of Amphibia in time-Literature,

493-505

CHAPTER LX.'

General characters of Reptilia-Endoskeleton-Exoskeleton-Diges-

tive system-Circulatory system-Respiratory system,

CHAPTER LXI.

506-510

Divisions of Reptilia-Chelonia-General characters of Chelonian

Reptiles-Distribution of Chelonia in time-Ophidia-General

characters of Snakes-Sub-orders--Distribution of Ophidia in

time,

CHAPTER LXII.

510-523

Lacertilia-Families of Lacertilia-Distribution of Lacertilia in time

-Crocodilia-Sub-orders of Crocodilia-Distribution of Croco-

dilia in time,

CHAPTER LXIII.

523-537

Extinct orders of Reptiles-Ichthyopterygia-Sauropterygia-Ano-

modontia - Pterosauria Dinosauria Theriodontia Litera-

ture,

-

537-548

CHAPTER LXIV.

General characters of the class Aves-Feathers-Vertebral column-

Skull-Pectoral arch and fore-limb-Pelvic arch and hind-limb

-Digestive system- Respiratory system-Circulatory system-

Reproductive organs-Nervous system and organs of sense-Dis-

tribution of Birds in time,

549-570

CHAPTER LXV.

General divisions of the class Aves-Characters and families of the

Cursores,

CHAPTER LXVI.

570-577

Characters and families of Natatores-Characters and sections of

Grallatores-Characters and sections of Rasores-Gallinacei-

Characters and families of Scansores-Characters of Insessores-Coni-

rostres Dentirostres - Tenuirostres

Fissirostres-Characters

General characters of the Mammalia-Skeleton-Pectoral arch and
fore-limb-Pelvic arch and hind-limb-Teeth-Dental formula-
Digestive system-Circulatory system-Respiratory system-Re-
productive system-Mammary glands-Nervous system-Integu-
mentary appendages - Distribution of Mammalia in time.
Classification of the Mammalia,

614-629