1844, aged 82. He was interred in the cemetery attached to the schools, where a memorial church was erected in his honour. The Irish christian brothers have at present (1896) ninety-seven houses in Ireland, with three hundred schools attached, and an average daily attendance of thirty thousand pupils. Within recent years they have opened establishments in Newfoundland, Gibraltar, Calcutta, and Allahabad. The brothers also conduct six male industrial schools in Ireland, a deaf mutes' and a blind institution, and orphanages for the poor and middle classes. [Private information.] R. M. S. RICE, GEORGE (1724-1779), politician, born in 1724, was son of Edward Rice of Newton, Carmarthenshire, M.P. for that county in 1722, by Lucy, daughter of John Morley Trevor of Glynde, Sussex. His father's family had been settled at Newton for many generations. He matriculated at Christ Church, Oxford, on 26 Jan. 1742, at the age of seventeen (FOSTER, Alumni Oxon.), but took no degree, and devoted himself to politics and local affairs. At the general election of 1754 he was returned for the county of Carmarthen after a warm contest with Sir Thomas Stepney, and retained his seat, during a period of twenty-five years, until his death, being re-elected four times without opposition. He was made lordlieutenant of his native county in May 1755 (reappointed 23 June 1761), and, when the Carmarthenshire militia was embodied (7 Dec. 1759), he was nominated colonel of the regiment. He became chamberlain of Brecon and of the counties of Brecon, Glamorgan, and Radnor in 1765, and was sworn in mayor of Carmarthen on 5 June 1767. By his marriage, on 16 Aug. 1756, with Cecil (17331793), daughter of William, first earl Talbot, lord steward of the royal household, he greatly increased his political influence, and on 21 March 1761 he accepted office under the Duke of Newcastle as a lord commissioner of the board of trade and foreign plantations, with a salary of 1,000l. a year. This post he held in successive ministries until April 1770, when Lord North selected him for the court appointment of treasurer of the king's chamber, and he was sworn a member of the privy council on 4 May following. Rice, who bore a high character (Autobiography of Mary Delany, ed. Lady Llanover), died in office at the age of fifty-five, on 3 Aug. 1779. His widow became a peeress in her own right as Baroness Dynevor on her father's death on 27 April 1782, and died 14 March 1793, leaving, with two daughters, two sons-George Talbot, afterwards third Lord Dynevor (1765 1852), and Edward (d. 1867), dean of Gloucester, whose son, Francis William, fifth baron Dynevor, was father of the present baron. [Foster's Peerage; Haydn's Book of Dignities, ed. Ockerby; Parliamentary Returns; Gent. Mag. 1779, p. 423; Williams's Parliamentary Hist. of Wales.] W. R. W. RICE, JAMES (1843-1882), novelist and historian of the turf, son of Samuel Rice, was born at Northampton on 26 Sept. 1843, and admitted on 1 Nov. 1865 at Queens' College, Cambridge, where he resided for nine terms. In 1868 he became editor and proprietor of 'Once a Week,' which he conducted not very successfully until 1872. At the same time he was studying for the bar, and was called at Lincoln's Inn in 1871, but never obtained much practice. In 1872 he became London correspondent of the Toronto Globe,' and in 1879 published his history of the British turf in two volumes. Only the first of these can be considered as strictly historical, and it rather merits commendation as a lively contribution to the subject than a serious history, Rice being more inclined to gossip pleasantly about the events of his own time than to retrieve the recollections of the past. The second volume consists mainly of entertaining, desultory essays, too numerous for a history, and too few for a miscellany of Turfiana.' The book, as a whole, is creditable to his abilities, but can only be regarded as a stopgap. Seven years before its appearance Rice's abiding reputation had been assured by the publication of 'Ready Money Mortiboy' (London, 1872, 8vo), the first of the series of clever novels he issued in conjunction with Mr. (now Sir) Walter Besant, a literary partnership as remarkable as that of the Alsatian romancewriters Emile Erckmann and Alexandre Chatrian. Rice numbered Mr. Besant among the contributors to 'Once a Week,' and, after attempting singlehanded a novel in its pages with indifferent success, proposed that they should conjointly write the novel which they entitled Ready Money Mortiboy.' The admirable idea on which the story is founded was Rice's own, and he had already written two or three chapters before inviting Mr. Besant's aid. It was published anonymously at the authors' risk, and proved a great literary, though not a great commercial, success; it was subsequently dramatised, under the title of 'Ready-Money,' by the authors. The piece was produced at the Court Theatre 12 March 1874, and printed. After the appearance of its successor, 'My Little Girl,' the partnership was for a time placed in jeopardy by Rice's reso 6 voured to make good terms for himself and his brethren (ib.) lution to devote himself to the bar; but he found little encouragement there, and soon returned to literature. With Harp and Crown' Rice wrote: 1. "The Right Institution of appeared in 1874, and 'This Son of Vulcan 'in Baptism set forth by the Reverend Father 1875. In 1876 the partners obtained a great in Christ Herman, Archbishop of Cologne, success with 'The Golden Butterfly,' which whereunto is also annexed a Godly Treatys of became unusually popular from its intrinsic Matrimonie, compiled by the famous Clerke merit, especially in the portrait of the Ame- and faithfull Evangelist Wolfgangus Muscurican, Gilead P. Beck, and by the advantage lus, no lesse frutefull than necessary for all it derived from publication in the World.' Godly Ministers of Christes Church, transThe Monks of Thelema (1877) also ap- lated by the unproffy table servaunt of Christ, peared in the World,' and in 1878 and 1879 Richard Ryce, London, 1548, 8vo, and also By Celia's Arbour' and 'The Chaplain of by another printer, Anthony Scoloker [q.v.], the Fleet' were published in the Graphic.' without place or date, 16mo. 2. An InThe last novel in which Rice had a share vective against Vices taken for Virtue, was 'The Seamy Side' (1881). He and his gathered out of the Scriptures by the very colleague had for some time past been unprofitable Servant of Jesus Christ, Richard writing Christmas stories for All the Year Rice; also certeine necessary Instructions Round' and the 'World,' and had made some meet to be taught the younger sort before unsuccessful experiments in the drama. In they come to be partakers of the Holy ComJanuary 1881 Rice, whose health had hitherto munion,' London, 1579, 16mo (and another been excellent, was attacked by a serious imprint by Kyngston, 8vo, black letter). illness, and, although apparently recovering, could never rally from its results. He died at Redhill, of failure of the heart's action, on 26 April 1882. In 1871 he married, at Dublin, Lillie, daughter of George Latouche Dickinson of St. Stephen's Green, Dublin, by whom he left a son, Fabian Arthur Besant Rice. Rice's literary colleague, writing to the 'Athenæum' on the day of his death, spoke of him as eminently large-minded, thoroughly businesslike, and full of loyalty and goodness of heart. The novels in which he had a hand have almost all the merit of vigorous developments of a single excellent idea, enriched with humorous and truthful portraiture, manly throughout, and never tedious. [Sir Walter Besant in the preface to the library edition of Ready Money Mortiboy, 1887, and in the Athenæum for 29 April 1882; private information; notes furnished by the Rev. J. H. Gray of Queens' College.] R. G. RICE, SIR JOHN AP (d. 1573?), visitor of monasteries. [See PRICE, SIR JOHN.] RICE or PRICE, RICHARD (A. 15481579), author, described by Tanner as 'Suffolciensis,' was a brother of Ellis Price [q. v.] (Letters and Papers of Henry VIII, x. 434), and son of Robert ap Rhys ap Maredudd of Foelas and Plas Iolyn, Denbighshire. In 1535, being a monk, he was recommended by Bishop Lee for election to the abbacy of Conway (ib. viii. 448). The abbot was still living and opposed Rice's election, knowing him to be a wilful and misruled person, who would utterly destroy the abbey' (ib. x. 340). Rice, however, was elected in 1536. In the following year Conway was dissolved, and Rice endea [Maitland's Cat. of Early Printed Books at Lambeth, p. 245; Hazlitt's Handbook to Early Engl. Lit. p. 503, and Collections, i. 357; Dibdin's Typogr. Antiq. iv. 307; Tanner's Bibl. Brit.-Hib.; Watt's Bibl. Brit.] W. A. S. RICE, SIR STEPHEN (1637-1715), chief baron of the exchequer in Ireland, born in 1637, was a younger son of James Rice of Dingle, co. Kerry, by Phillis Fanning of Limerick. Before the death of Charles II he had acquired a large practice at the Irish bar, and showed skill as counsel in revenue matters. He had,' says Archbishop King, formerly been noted for a rook and gamester at the inns of court. He was (to give him his due) a man of the best sense among them, well enough versed in the law, but most signal for his inveteracy against the protestant interest and settlement of Ireland, having been often heard to say, before he was a judge, that he would "drive a coach and six horses through the act of settlement," upon which both depended' (State of the Protestants, chap. iii. sect. viii. p. 6). In April 1686 James II appointed him baron of the exchequer. Room was found by the peremptory dismissal of Sir Standish Hartstonge (Clarendon and Rochester Correspondence, i. 316, 324, 338). Rice was made a privy councillor in May along with Tyrconnel, Nugent, Nagle, Justin MacCarthy, and Richard Hamilton. He first sat as a judge at the beginning of June, being dispensed from taking the oath of supremacy, and afterwards went the Leinster circuit. The exchequer soon became the most important of the Irish courts, as it was the only one from which a writ of error did not lie in England. It was crowded with suitors, and a protestant rarely succeeded there. Rice supported the resolve of Tyrconnel and his friends to uproot the Caroline settlement. He opposed the suggestion of a commission of grace, by which money might be raised and the position of existing landowners might at the same time be respected. In August Rice said 'a commission would only serve to confirm those estates which ought not to be confirmed' (ib. p. 537), declined to say what should be done to those whose titles were doubtful, and declared that nothing could be done without a parliament. Nevertheless, says King, it was really believed that in a few years he would, by some contrivance or other, have given away most of the protestant estates in Ireland without troubling a parliament to attaint them' (State of the Protestants, chap. iii. sect. viii. p. 6). In November Rice took steps to prevent the court of common pleas, where John Keating [q. v.] presided, from interfering in disputes between revenue officers and merchants (Clarendon and Rochester Correspondence, ii. 70). In April 1687 he was made chief baron, displacing Henry Hene, who had been a member of the court for fourteen years. At the same time he was knighted. After Tyrconnel succeeded Clarendon in the government (February 1686-7), the last restraint was removed, and protestants were dismissed wholesale from civil and military employment. The charters of nearly all the corporations, about one hundred in number, were brought into the exchequer by writs of quo warranto (a specimen in YOUNG's Town Book of Belfast, p. 156), and declared void upon various pretexts. The next step was the forfeiture of leases made by corporations, even where the consideration was ample. Rice gave out that in this and other matters the protestants should have the strict letter of the law, in contradistinction apparently to equity (KING, chap. iii. sect. ix. 4). For he was one of the privy councillors who on 8 March 1686-7 signed Tyrconnel's proclamation promising that his majesty's subjects of whatever 'persuasion should be protected in their just rights and properties due to them by law' (CAULFIELD, Youghal Council Book, p. 374). The corporation of Dublin was required to plead at short notice, and this led to a clerical error. The chief baron refused leave to amend the irregularity, and declared the charter forfeited without going into the merits of the case. Smaller places fared worse (HARRIS, Dublin, p. 359; STUART, Armagh, p. 412; Youghal Council Book, p. 379; D'ALTON, Drogheda, ii. 297; D'ALTON and O'FLANAGAN, Dundalk, p. 167; WITHEROW, Derry and Enniskillen, 3rd edit. p. 26; SMITH, Waterford, p. 158). The protestant mayors and sheriff's were generally expelled, even before the forfeiture of the charters, and at Limerick Rice refused to hold the assizes until Tyrconnel's nominees were admitted (LENIHAN, Limerick, p. 211). He himself became one of the forty-two burgesses under James's new charter (ib. p. 272). The injustice was of course greatest in the case of really protestant towns like Belfast and Londonderry, and it was often necessary to name strangers in order to secure for the king's creed a majority in the new corporations (BENN, Belfast, p. 156). In August 1687 Rice was with Tyrconnel and Sir Richard Nagle [q. v.] at Chester, where he dined more than once with the bishop, and had opportunities of conferring with the king (BISHOP CARTWRIGHT, Diary, pp. 73-5). Administrative and judicial action might do much, but the act of settlement could not be repealed without fresh legislation, and Rice, accompanied by Chief-justice Nugent, was sent to London early in 1688 to procure James's consent. On 25 April Clarendon notes in his diary that the two Irish judges that day began their homeward journey with very little satisfaction, for I am told the king did not approve the proposals they brought him for calling a parliament.' After James's flight, Tyrconnel sent Rice to France with Lord Mountjoy, whom he wished to get rid of, and they left Dublin on 10 Jan. 1688-9. Mountjoy's instructions were to say that any attempt on Ireland would be hopeless, but he was sent to the Bastille as soon as he reached Paris (Jacobite Narrative, p. 43). Rice urged an immediate descent, and returned to Ireland with James in the following March. He became a commissioner of the Jacobite treasury, and was in Limerick during the first siege. After William's repulse from that city in August 1690, he went again to France, and returned with Tyrconnel. They brought some money, and landed at Galway in January 1690-1. After the final ruin of the Jacobite cause, Rice was adjudged to be within the articles of Limerick, and remained in Ireland in possession of his estate. He does not seem to have returned, as Hartstonge did, to his practice as a barrister, but on 22 Feb. 1703 he appeared without a gown at the bar of the commons, and on the 28th at that of the lords, to argue against the act to prevent the further growth of popery (2 Ânne, chap. 6), and in favour of the articles of Limerick. His reasoning was sound, but scarcely consistent with his action during his time of power. Rice died on 16 Feb. 1714-15, aged 78. It had been James's intention to make him a paid a brief visit to London, and fell in with some of his literary companions-in-arms, who introduced him to Thomas Lodge and other men of letters. With their encouragement and aid, he designed a long series of popular tracts. For nearly fifty years his leisure was thenceforth devoted to the production of romances imitating Lyly's 'Euphues,' or of pamphlets exposing the vices of the age, or reminiscences of his past life, or denuncia peer, and his patent as Baron Monteagle is said to have been found unsigned in Dublin after the Boyne (Memoirs of Grace Family, p. 42). He married Mary, daughter of Thomas Fitzgerald of co. Limerick, and had several children. His eldest son Edward conformed to the established church to save his estate from passing in gavelkind under the penal law. The present Lord Monteagle is of the same family [see SPRING-RICE, THOMAS]. [Authorities as for Sir Richard Nagle [q. v.]tions of papists and tobacco. On most of his and Thomas Nugent, titular baron of Rivers- title-pages he inscribed the prudent motto, ton [q. v.]; other authorities given in the text;Malui me divitem esse quam vocari.' He information from Lord Monteagle.] R. B-L. RICE, THOMAS SPRING, first LORD MONTEAGLE (1790-1866). [See SPRINGRICE.] RICEMARCHUS, RYTHMARCH, or RIKEMARTH (1056-1099), cleric of St. David's. [See RHYGYFARCH.] RICH, BARNABE (1540?-1620?), author and soldier, born about 1540, doubtless of Essex origin, was distantly connected with the family of Lord-chancellor Rich. In his books he often dubbed himself 'gentleman.' Enlisting in boyhood in the army, he engaged in Queen Mary's war with France in 1557-8. Writing in 1585, he says: It is now thirty yeares sith I became a souldier, from which time I have served the king in all occasions against his enemies in the fielde; the rest of the time I have continued in his garrisons. In this meane space I have spent what my friends left me, which was something; I have lost part of my bloud, which was more; and I have consumed my prime of youth and florishing yeares, which was moste' (Adventures of Brusanus). In campaigns in the Low Countries in the early part of Elizabeth's reign he served with Thomas Churchyard, Gascoigne, and other adventurers of literary tastes, and emulated their example as writers. He rose to the rank of captain. Churchyard, in his 'True Discourse of the Netherlands,' makes frequent quotation from Captain Barnabe Rich his Notes.' At Antwerp Rich met Richard Stanyhurst [q.v.], of whom he formed an ill opinion. Afterwards he saw prolonged service in Ireland. On 17 July 1573 he sailed thither in the Black Bark in charge of the armour and other furniture of his kinsman, Lord Rich (Cal. Irish State Papers). Like Barnabe Googe [q. v.], he appears to have taken part in the efforts of Walter Devereux, first earl of Essex, to colonise Ulster, and the rest of his life was mainly passed in the neighbourhood of Dublin. But in 1574, during an interval of peace, he determined to try his fortune with his pen. He found a warm encourager of his literary ambition in Sir Christopher Hatton, whose house at Holdenby he minutely described in a work he brought out in 1581 under the title of 'Riche his Farewell to Military Profession.' This attractive collection of romances-from which Shakespeare borrowed the plot of 'Twelfth Night' -was apparently intended as a valediction to his career as a soldier; but it proved premature. He soon resumed military duty in Ireland. After Sir John Perrot became lord deputy there in 1584, Rich had under his command one hundred soldiers at Coleraine. To descriptions of Ireland he subsequently devoted much of his literary energy, asserting with wearisome iteration that the rebellious temper of the Irish was due partly to their religion and partly to a lack of consistent firmness on the part of their English rulers. In 1593 Rich was reported to be without employment; but he continued in Ireland, he wrote later, 'on a poor pay, the full recompence of forty-seven years' service' (A New Description of Ireland, 1610). After James I's accession he sought assiduously Prince Henry's patronage. On 16 Oct. 1606 he was in receipt of a pension of half a crown a day from the Irish establishment. Since 1598 he frequently described himself in his publications as a crown 'servant,' and in July 1616 he was presented with 1007. as a free gift, in consideration of his being the oldest captain of the kingdom (Cal. State Papers, 1611-18, p. 378). A second edition of his latest work -the Irish Hubbub,' a general denunciation of contemporary society-he dedicated to the lord deputy, Sir Oliver St. John, from Dublin on 24 June 1618. He probably did not long survive its publication. Rich, brought up, as he says, 'in the fields among unlettered soldiers,' was wholly selfeducated. He extended his reading to French and Italian, and was acquainted with the classics mainly through translations. verse is contemptible, but much literary feeling is often apparent in his prose. He boasted that he wrote thirty-six books, and His 6 Rich published (the titles are abbreviated): 1. 'A right exelent and pleasaunt Dialogue betwene Mercury and an English Souldier, contayning his Supplication to Mars,' 8vo, 1574, b.1., dedicated to Ambrose Dudley, earl of Warwick, master of the ordnance. It opens with some curious dialogue in verse between the author and his book (Bodleian and British Museum). The first part is an exposure of the ill-usage of the English soldier, with a defence of archery. The second part supplies, quite inappropriately, a fanciful account of the court of Venus, and rehearses the story of the lady of Chabry, which, Rich says, he derived from Bandello. Geoffrey Fenton had already translated the story in his Tragical Discourses,' 1567. 2. Allarme to England, foreshewing what perilles are procured where the people liue without regarde of Martial Lawe,' 1578 (London, by Henrie Middleton, for C. B.), written in Ireland, the wretched state of which is described; dedicated to Sir Christopher Hatton, with verses by Googe, Churchyard, and the author (two editions in the British Museum, one in the Bodleian, and one each in the Huth and Britwell Libraries, 'imprinted by Christopher Barker'). 3. Riche his Farewell to Militarie profession, conteining verie pleasaunt discourses fit for a peaceable tyme.... London, by Robert Walley,' 1581, 4to (Bodleian; an imperfect copy at Britwell). There are two dedications, one addressed to 'the right courteous gentlewomen, both of England and Ireland,' and the other to the noble souldiers both of England and Ireland,' besides an interesting address 'to the readers in general.' The book was written in Ireland, before the coming over of James FitzMaurice' Fitzgerald [q. v.] in 1579. Of the eight stories, in some of which verse is interspersed, Rich appears to claim, as of his own invention, the first (Sappho, Duke of Mantona '), the plot of which was dramatised in "The weakest goeth to the wall,' 1600; the second ('Apolonius and Silla'), whence Shakespeare drew the plot of 'Twelfth Night' (reprinted in Collier's and Hazlitt's 'Shakespeare's Library,' pt. i. vol. i.); the fifth (Two brethren and their wives'); the seventh ('Aramanthus, borne a leper'); and the eighth (Phylotus and Emilia, reprinted with Phylotus, 1603, a Scottish comedy with cognate plot, by the Bannatyne Club in 1835).. Rich's third story (Nicander and Lucilla'), his fourth ('Fileo and Fiamma '), and the sixth ('Gonsales and his vertuous wife Agatha') are drawn, he says, from the Italian of 'Maister L. B.,' possibly an inaccurate reference to Matteo Bandello. In a concluding section Rich tilts against the extravagance of English women's dress, and incidentally tells a story of a king of Scotland somewhat resembling Macchiavelli's 'Belphegor;' this appendix caused James VI, when he read the book in 1595, so much displeasure that the attention of Bowes, the English agent, was called to the matter (Cal. State Papers, Scotl.ii. 683). An edition, newly augmented, appeared in 1606 (Bodleian and Britwell). A reprint from the Bodleian Library copy of the 1581 edition was published in 1846 by the Shakespeare Society. 4. The straunge and wonderfull aduentures of Don Simonides, a gentilman Spaniarde. London, by Robert Walley,' 1581, b. 1., 4to (entered in 'Stationers' Register,' 23 Oct. 1581); dedicated to Sir Christopher Hatton; a prose romance, corrected by Lodge, with poetry interspersed. It is obviously inspired by Lyly's Euphues.' Warton believed he had seen an Italian original (copies in Bodleian, Britwell, and Bridgewater House Libraries). 5. The true Report of a late Practice enterprised by a Papist with a yong Maiden in Wales [Eliz. Orton]. London, by Robert Walley,' 1582, 4to, dedicated to Sir Francis Walsingham (British Museum and Lambeth). 6. 'The Second Tome of the Trauailes and aduentures of Don Simonides. London, for Robert Walley,' 1584, b.l., 4to, dedicated to Sir Christopher Hatton. One of the metrical pieces is in 170 lines of very monotonous blank verse. A chapter detailing the hero's visit to Philautus in London mainly consists of a panegyric on Queen Elizabeth (Bodleian, British Museum, Britwell, and Bridgewater House Libraries). 7. A Pathway to Military Practise whereunto is annexed a Kalender of the Imbattelinge of Men. London, by John Charlewood,' 1587, 4to. There are three dedications, one to Queen Elizabeth, another to the most noble Captaines and renowned Souldiers of England,' and the third-a long address—to 'the friendly Readers in generall' (Britwell, Lambeth, and British Museum). 8. 'The Adventures of Brusanus, prince of Hungaria, pleasant for all to read, and profitable for some to follow. Written by Barnabe Rich seaven or eight yeares sithence, and now published by the |