The results obtained in the three cases under consideration were very satisfactory, and justify the favorable estimate of external section first given. This has been my uniform experience with this operation up to the present time.

STONE IN THE BLADDER.

Five cases of stone in the bladder have been operated upon. In three of them litholapaxy was employed, and in two the median perineal incision was resorted to. A calculus impacted in the prostatic urethra was present in both of these latter cases, and this fact determined the choice of operation. The median incision enabled me readily to remove the impacted calculus in each case, and afterwards. to clear out the bladder. In one case two additional calculi, each as large as a hickory nut, and in the other sixteen calculi, from the size of a large hazel nut to that of a small pea, were removed. Both recovered.

The three cases of stone crushing and evacuation were all eminently satisfactory. The stones were soft and of quite moderate size. The operations were not prolonged, and the convalescence in each was rapid and uncomplicated. In one case the eyed end of a soft catheter was known to have been broken off in the bladder a few days before the operation. This was happily sucked up through the evacuating tube during the operation, and was found among the debris of the stone at its close. In one of the other cases, a large evacuating tube having been first introduced for exploration, in its withdrawal a calculus the size of a large white bean was drawn out with it, its size and form having enabled it to be first engaged and held in the opening of the tube. The tube was then introduced again, and after a few washings back and forth, was withdrawn and brought with it a second. calculus similar in size and shape to the first. No other calculi could be found in the bladder of this patient, and he was thus relieved without the lithotrite having been used at all.

NEW YORK STATE MEDICAL ASSOCIATION.

The next meeting of the Fifth District Branch of the New York State Medical Association will be the Sixth Annual Meeting to be held in Brooklyn on Tuesday, May 27, 1890.

All Fellows desiring to read papers will please notify the Secretary. E. H. SQUIBB, M. D.

P. O. Box 94, BROOKLYN.

THE BROOKLYN MEDICAL JOURNAL.

Communications in reference to Advertisements or Subscriptions (Subscription Price $2.00 per annum) should be addressed, Business Manager, BROOKLYN MEDICAL JOURNAL, 214 Madison Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Remittances should be made by money-order, draft. or registered letter, payable to BROOKLYN MEDICAL JOURNAL, and addressed to Business Manager.

Authors desiring Reprints of their papers should communicate with the Business Manager as soon as the papers have been read, stating the number of Reprints desired, and the number of JOURNAL pages their papers will occupy, allowing 470 words to a page. Each contributor of an Original Article will receive five copies of the JOURNAL containing his article, on application at the Rooms of the Society, 356 Bridge Street.

Photo-engravings will be furnished authors free of charge, if proper drawings or negatives are provided. Electrotypes of engravings will be furnished authors at cost, when they wish to preserve them for future reproduction.

Alterations in the proof will be charged to authors at the rate of sixty cents an hour, this being the printer's charge to the Journal.

All other Communications, Articles for Publication, Books for Review, and Exchanges should be addressed BROOKLYN MEDICAL JOURNAL, 356 Bridge Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.

EDITORIAL.

PHYSICAL EDUCATION AT THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA.

This department is under the direction of Dr. A. H. P. Leuf, formerly of Brooklyn, and is evidently fast becoming one of the leading departments of the University. In The University, for October, Dr. Leuf gives a concise statement of the work done by the students and the general outline of the plan of physical education adopted by him.

Physical education at the University of Pennsylvania is of two kinds, being, first, that which has in view the equalization of the physique and its elevation to a fair average or standard, and, second, competitive athletics. Legislatively a line is drawn between the two, though both naturally merge together. Work is done in a well-equipped though rather small gymnasium and upon an athletic field. An athletic association of alumni controls the athletic grounds, being responsible for its maintenance in good condition all the year round. The gymnasium is also under its supervision, though the Trustees of the University supply the financial support. There is a regular department of physical education headed by a director, who is an ex-officio member of the college faculty. It is his duty to lecture regularly to the freshman and sophomore classes on physical education during the college year. A compulsory physical examination by him of these two classes is held three times during the year, i. e., at the beginning and end of the first and at the end of the second terms. These consist of the height, weight, girth, the lung capacity, and certain

strength tests.

From these are calculated the development, strength, and condition of each individual, all of which are entered in a special book kept for that purpose, together with a brief family history of each person examined. His full record is then given each student in a small pamphlet containing elementary directions about special exercise, diet, clothing, sleep, etc. A printed four-page circular of instruction, containing directions for certain home exercises in detail and a list of gymnasium apparatus is also furnished him, with a pencil check-mark opposite the name of each apparatus upon which he is to take his prescribed work.

The college-roster provides for compulsory gymnasium-work twice a week under the care of a competent gymnast, who sees that the prescribed exercises are faithfully carried out. Whenever an examination discovers a man fit to go into special training, he is advised by the director as to the kind of special work to which he is naturally adapted, provided it agrees, or at least does not conflict, with his family history. The parents of every student examined receive a printed form giving his development, strength, condition, and lung capacity, with the averages for the same age, together with a statement of the parts requiring special development, and the exercises recommended.

Arrangements are made for training the student in rowing, cricket, foot-ball, base-ball, and tennis.

In discussing the question why the University does not stand better in athletics, Dr. Leuf says that there is very little university spirit, and no regular provision made for instructing men just entering college how they may avail themselves of the advantages which they are entitled to in the way of physical education. There is also no plan for winter practice or training. The recommendations made by the doctor to remedy these defects are plain and practical, and should they be adopted would certainly much improve the reputation of the University, and at the same time prove of inestimable value to the students.

QUARANTINE AGAINST LEPERS.

The United States Treasury Department has issued the following instructions:

"Until further orders no vessel shall be admitted to entry by any officer of the customs until the master, owner, or authorized agent of the vessel shall produce a certificate from the Health Officer or Quarantine Officer at the port of entry, or nearest United States Quarantine Officer, that no person affected with leprosy was on board the said vessel when admitted to free pratique, or in case a leper was found on board such vessel, that he or she, with his baggage, has been removed from the vessel and detained at the quarantine station."

PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES.

MEDICAL SOCIETY OF THE COUNTY OF KINGS.

A regular meeting of the Medical Society of the County of Kings was held at the Society's rooms, 356 Bridge Street, on Tuesday, February 18, at eight o'clock P. M.

There were about 75 members present. The President, Dr. Walter B. Chase, in the chair.

The minutes of the previous meeting were read and approved. The Council reported favorably on the name of Dr. Eugene J. Kenney, and recommended that he be elected to membership.

The following propositions for membership were made:

William H. Dudley, 310 Henry Street, L I. C. H., 1886; pro. posed by Dr. J. A. McCorkle; Dr. J. M. Van Cott, Jr.

John F. Kent, 141 Lewis Avenue, Bellevue, 1888; proposed by Dr Jas. C. Kennedy; W. M. Hutchinson.

A. F. Zahn, 521⁄2 Sumner Avenue, Bellevue, 1887; proposed by Jas. C. Kennedy; W. M. Hutchinson.

Paul Heiser, 1344 DeKalb Avenue, 1872; proposed by Dr. Jos. H. Raymond; Dr. Wm. M. Hutchinson.

Dr. Z. F. Dunning, Cleveland Street, corner Arlington Avenue, Albany Med. College, 1888; proposed by Geo. E. Law; Sidney Allen Fox.

Dr. Peter Scott, 128 Reid Avenue, Univ. of Glascow, Scotland, 1886; proposed by Louis E. Meeker; Jos. H. Hunt.

SCIENTIFIC BUSINESS.

The first paper of the evening, entitled "Photography in Its Uses in Medicine," was read by Dr. Henry Beekman Delatour, and discussed by Drs. Dickinson, Jewett and Mosher.

The next scientific business being the discussion of "La Grippe," "Or Epidemic Inflenenza," the discussion was opened by Dr. Sheppard, and continued by Drs. Chase, Briggs, Topham, Eccles, Mosher, Maddren, Burge.

There being no further business, the meeting adjourned.

At a regular meeting of the Council of the Medical Society of the County of Kings, held March 11, 1890, the following resolution was introduced by Dr. A. J. C. Skene and unanimously adopted.

Resolved, That it is the opinion of this Council that all medical diplomas from foreign countries that do not recognize or acknowledge the diplomas granted by American medical colleges, should not be endorsed by medical colleges in the State of New York.

At the same meeting it was voted "that in the future all papers read before this Society should become the property of the Society, and that such papers, together with all reported discussion upon them, should be published in the Society's journal, the BOOKLYN MEDICAL JOURNAL, provided the capacity of the journal would permit, unless the authors of such papers, or the persons taking part in such discussions, should first obtain the consent of the Society to publish them else. where." W. M. HUTCHINSON,

Secretary.

BROOKLYN MEDICAL MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY.

The thirty-first regular meeting was held at the Hoagland Laboratory on March 5, 1890, with the president, Dr. C. Heitzmann, in the chair. It was proposed to consolidate the offices of treasurer, recording and corresponding secretary, and after the election of Dr. E. H. Wilson as president, Dr. Albert Brinkman was elected to fill the three offices for the ensuing year. Dr. L F. Criado was recommended by the committee on membership, and duly elected to active membership. The treasurer's report was then read, accepted, and duly placed on file.

Dr. Bates then took the chair while Dr. Heitzmann described the following "rare specimens" which he had placed under the micro

scopes:

1st. A case of plastic inflammation of the placenta, with atrophy of the cord, causing obliteration of the placental villi and death of the fœtus.

2d. Endothelima of ovary. From the examination of numerous specimens, Dr. Heitzmann claimed that the corpus luteum has not its accredited significance as an evidence of pregnancy. The wall of the Graafian follicle after bursting gives rise to new tissue by inflammatory thickening, which may involve the whole ovary. This tissue is made up of cells like epithelia, which are pierced in all directions by bloodvessels, which thus distinguish the mass from cancer. These bloodvessels increase in size, and the tumor is transformed to an angioma, and finally to hæmatoma. Its development is always accompanied by oöphoritis and mental disturbances