de Marigny, an officer of estimable character and high rank in the navy. M. Albert de Rioms, who commanded the squadron, after using every exertion to restore order, but in vain, quitted his ship and went on shore. As he stepped into the boat, several of the sailors called to the cockswain to overset her. M. de Marigny and M. Albert were both obliged to send in their resignations, all attempts on the part of the municipality, and two commissioners sent by the Assembly to suppress these tumults, having proved ineffectual. But what the constituted authorities could not accomplish, was at length effected by the Jacobin Club established at Brest, who, fearing that a continuance of the commotions might lead to the suppression of the club, prevailed on the sailors to return to their duty. All their demands with respect to the penal code were granted, and the tri-coloured flag hoisted in all the ships.

On the 14th of September two or three thousand ruffians, armed with muskets and clubs, broke into the great park of Versailles, and committed great depredations in the King's liberties, and upon the property in the park. These disorders continued for some days. The arts used to excite them were laid before the Assembly by Dupont de Nemours. The time and place where an insurrection was to break out, were announced, either in the revolutionary journals, or by bills posted up in the fauxbourgs, or public gardens; the placards, which were also often distributed as

hand-bills under the title of Advice to the People, to the Patriots, &c. were usually in this form: "There will happen on such a day at assassinations

"a great commotion

"a rich pillage, preceded by a manual distribu"tion for the subaltern chiefs, for tried men, &c."

This was sufficient to set all the brigands in motion, who quickly formed in groupes at the appointed place, where they were addressed by thirty or forty mob orators, attended by hundreds of noisy brawlers hired for the occasion. These were soon joined by all the rabble of the town, and patriotic gratuities, varying from half-a-crown to ten shillings, were distributed amongst the staunch followers. The Assembly, upon this denunciation, passed a decree, ordering prosecutions to be instituted in all the Courts against certain persons, who on Thursday the 2d of September, had made motions for assassination under the windows of the National Assembly; against the instigators of those motions; and against those who had distributed money for the purpose. But the Courts, who had but a short time to exist, were apprehensive if they commenced those prosecutions, of rendering themselves obnoxious to the resentment of the people, and consequently insurrections continued to rage through the kingdom with more violence than ever.*

These daily commotions at length filled the

* Bertrand.

Ministers with terror, when they considered the dreadful responsibility attached to their situations. Violent invectives were at the same time levelled against them by several of the deputies in the Assembly, which received additional weight from a vote of the commune and sections of Paris. In consequence of these proceedings three of them resigned their offices-namely, M. de la Luzerne, minister of marine, who was succeeded by M. de Fleurieu; M. de la Tour du Pin, the war minister, by M. du Portail, a major-general in the army, who had served in America; and the Archbishop of Bourdeaux resigned the seals to M. Duport du Tertre, an advocate of little note, formerly a clerk at forty pounds a year, and at that time lieutenant to the mayor in the department of the police, and living in the third story of a small house in the Rue de la Sourdière. He was a laborious, active and honest man; and, though zealous for the success of the revolution, he sincerely detested the crimes and horrors of it, M. de Montmorin, who was disliked by no party, remained in office.

CHAPTER XI.

Settlement of the Disputes between Spain and England.—Plans of the Marquis de Bouillé and the Baron de Breteuil for the reestablishment of the Royal Authority.-Duel between the Duke de Castries and Charles de Lameth.-The Hotel de Castries destroyed by the Mob.-Disorganized state of France.-Proceedings against the non-juring Clergy.-Murder of the Mayor of Vareze.-Progress of Jacobinism.-Commotions at Aix.Reports of a counter-revolutionary Conspiracy.-The King gives his assent to the Civil Constitution of the Clergy, many of whom take the new oath.-Decree for restoring the confiscated property of Protestants.-Resignation of Ministers.

THE King returned from St. Cloud to Paris on the 30th of October; and two days after, intelligence arrived of the final arrangement of the differences between Spain and England, which afforded much satisfaction to his Majesty, though his friends felt considerable disappointment at it; conceiving that a foreign war would be the most likely means of restoring the royal authority, as the King's presence with the army, would, in all probability, have re-established complete subordination, and revived that enthusiastic affection, approaching to idolatry, which had been heretofore manifested by the French soldiers towards their Sovereign.

Two projects were formed about this time, for the re-establishment of the royal authority: the

one by the Marquis de Bouillé, and the other by the Baron de Breteuil. That of M. de Bouillé was, to engage the Emperor to march a part of the army intended to reduce Brabant, towards the frontiers of France, under the pretext of restoring the princes of the empire to the rights of which they had been deprived by the decree of the Assembly, which abolished the titles and privileges of nobility. This measure would have authorized M. de Bouillé, who, since the affair of Nancy, had gained the confidence of the troops of the line, the national guards, and the inhabitants of the frontier provinces, to collect an army composed of the most loyal regiments. He had already communicated to the members, who had the greatest influence in the departments under his command, the plan he proposed to pursue in case of hostilities; and he was certain, that as soon as the troops were assembled, these departments would send an address to the Assembly, requiring that the King should put himself at the head of the army, of which the constitution had declared him generalissimo, his presence being absolutely necessary there to repress the spirit of mutiny and disorder which prevailed, and which, at such a critical moment, might prove fatal. A petition from the army itself was to have accompanied this address, which would have been supported in the Assembly by all the members of the Coté Droit, as well as several members of the Coté Gauche, and particularly by Mirabeau, who at