upon themselves, and, through their organizations, secure control of the industry in which they work. The methods advocated are strikes, sabotage, and agitation. As the Industrial Workers expect direct action on its educational side to develop power through opportunities for doing, it would seem to follow that within the organization there would be less delegation of power and less representation than in other unions. It is true that there is less representation, but it is also true that the plan of the organization is the centralization of large powers in a national executive. There is at present a movement on foot within the organization for decentralization. If direct action in the hands of the Industrial Workers should fail as a present strategic measure, the organization in advocating it has advertised successfully and at a propitious time that opportunity for initiative is a more fundamental need of workers, whose days are spent in monotonous toil and under machine direction, than are slight increases in wages. The Industrial Workers, in emphasizing the importance of direct action, bring out the point that labor union action, dealing as it does with the direct and immediate interests of the workers, calls for simpler forms of social expression, forms of expression less remote in their functioning and results, than political action. Political action in comparison, they observe, is a more sophisticated expression of more complex relations. APPENDIX Directory of the International Unions of the A. F. of L.; together with reports for 1913 on convention vote, showing the comparative strength of the unions; the number of strikes which occurred in 1913; the settlements which were made fixing conditions without resorting to strikes-Distribution by states and towns of local unions of the I. W. W. APPENDIX AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR The membership of the A. F. of L. is 2,000,000 (as reported at convention in 1913 it was 1,996,004). There are 110 National and International unions controlling 22,000 local unions; there are 5 Departments; 42 State Branches; 623 City Central Unions; 642 Local Trade and Federal Labor Unions. Directory of American Federation of Labor National and International unions. Reports for 1913 on convention vote; number of strikes; settlements without strikes. Bakery and Confectionery ས 7 3 12 Indianapolis, Ind. 318 7 New York, N. Y. Chicago, Ill. 14 48 120 53 ... .... 90 3 14 and Whiskmakers' Union, International Brushmakers' Inter. Union... Carpenters and Joiners of Am., United Brotherhood of Carriage, Wagon, and Auto Workers of N. A., International Union of.... Cement Workers, Brotherhood of Cigarmakers' Inter. Union of America. . . American Cloth, Hat, and Cap Makers of N. A., United... Commercial Telegraphers' Union of America.... Compressed Air and Foundation Workers' Union of the United States and Canada.. Coopers' Inter. Union of N. A. Cutting, Die, and Cutter Makers, Inter. Union of....... Diamond Workers' Protective Union of America... Electrical Workers of Am., Inter. Brotherhood of.............. Elevator Constructors, Inter. Union of Engineers, Inter. Union of Steam and Operating.............. Firemen, Inter. Brotherhood of Stationary Foundry Employees, International Brotherhood of.............. Freight Handlers, Brotherhood of Railroad... Fur Workers' Union of U. S. and Canada Garment Workers of America, United.. Garment Workers' Union, International (ladies') Glass Bottle Blowers' Asso. of the U. S. and Canada..... Brooklyn, N. Y.. 72 2 12 |