As

of the drawbacks we have described. In the last century and beginning of the present, Stock and Walker edited Demosthenes, Lucian, Livy and other books, and did good service as teachers. Not long since died in a country rectory at a very advanced age an ex-Fellow named Hincks who (though best known as an astronomer) won some distinction as a Classical Archaeologist. The eccentric Dr. Barrett (Jacky' Barrett, as he was irreverently called) was a Palaeographer and restored the 'Codex Rescriptus.' Coming down to our own time Dr. Stack's name must not be omitted. His heart was thoroughly in the work of Classical teaching as he understood it. Regius Professor of Greek (1855 to 1866) he rendered valuable service. Another name, that of Dr. Ingram, is inseparably linked with the history of our Classical revival. He, having been first a University Scholar in Classics, was elected to Fellowship on Mathematics as his main subject, and so distinguished himself then and subsequently as to win high praise from the great mathematician McCullagh. We need do no more than mention the services Dr. Ingram has since rendered to Classical learning, both in pure Scholarship and in Comparative Grammar and Philo logy. His contributions to Political Economy and Social Philosophy also are well known. Taken all round he is the most accomplished man now connected with Dublin University. His lectures are remembered with gratitude by many in all parts of the world, who may be said to owe their intellectual birth to his influence.

It was not until about 1856 that the Fellowship Course began to be thoroughly reconsidered, and arrangements made for a really efficient Examination in Classics, and it was not until 1863 that a Fellowship was obtained by a candidate who had not taken up Mathematics. In that year, Thomas E. Webb obtained a Fellowship on Classics and Philosophy. But in 1859, though elected on a course which included Mathematics, William Hugh Ferrar took a part by no means insignificant in the incipient Classical revival. During his short tenure of Fellowship (he died in 1871) he was appointed Professor of Latin, a new Chair, and brought out the first volume of a Comparative Grammar of Sanskrit, Greek and Latin, a work of much promise. Dr. Webb resigned in 1871, but retained his Chair of Civil Law. publications are chiefly philosophical, but he has brought out some brilliant translations in English verse. He will however probably be best known by his translation of Faust. The year 1864 gave to Trinity College John Pentland Mahaffy, author of Twelve Lectures on Primitive Civilisations; Essay on the Social Development of the Greeks; Greek Social Life from Homer to Menander: Old Greek Life (History Primer, J. R. Green's Series); Rambles and Studies in Greece; Euripides (in J. R. Green's Classical Authors); History of Greek Classical Literature; Hippolytus of Euripides (edited by Professor Mahaffy and Mr. Bury); Duruy's History of the Romans (edited); Alexander's Empire.

His

We pass

to 1867, when Arthur Palmer was elected. His election may be said to have inaugurated the triumph of pure Scholarship in Dublin University. Indeed, it may be added that the Board of Trinity College (still composed of the Mathematician class already described) were SO alarmed for their favourite study by the election of Mr. Palmer, and the year after, of Robert Y. Tyrrell, that they actually altered the scale of marks so as to handicap Classics in the competition with Mathematics. Palmer has published editions of the Heroïdes of Ovid, the Elegies of Propertius, and the Satires of Horace. His contributions to Hermathena are numerous and valuable, and marked by a singular felicity in conjectural emendations of doubtful pas

Mr.

sages, especially in the text of Plautus and of Aristophanes. He became Professor of Latin in 1880, having up to that time been a College Tutor.

Mr. Tyrrell, who was elected in the year following Mr. Palmer, soon obtained the chair of Latin, having been elected on Ferrar's death in 1871. In 1880 he became Regius Professor of Greek, in succession to Dr. Ingram, who had been appointed a Senior Tutor. He has edited the Bacchae and the Troades, and translated the Acharnians into English verse; he has published an edition of the Miles Gloriosus, and is engaged upon the Letters of Cicero, of which two volumes have already appeared. He edited the volume of Dublin Translations, and also contributed largely to it.

We have already mentioned the retrograde step taken by the Board in their anti-Classical panic at the elections of Palmer and Tyrrell. A reaction followed in favour of Mathematical candidates, and out of the twelve years from 1868 to 1880 there were six in which no Fellowship was vacant. In 1880 occurred the election of a man in many ways the most remarkable among the Fellows of Trinity College, Dublin. This is Thomas Maguire, the first Roman Catholic Scholar and (at present) the only R. C. Fellow. Owing to the religious restriction, he was ineligible for Scholarship until 1855, when special Scholarships were created, open to Roman Catholics and Dissenters. The Foundation' Scholarships were still limited to members of the Church of Ireland, and continued so till Fawcett's Act,' in 1873, which threw open all the endowments of the College. Maguire had actually taken his B. A. degree before he went in for Scholarship. He practised at the Bar for a short time in London, but soon returned to Dublin and became a private teacher. During this period he published his essays on the Platonic Idea and the Platonic Ethics. In 1869 he was appointed Professor of Latin at Queen's College, Galway. Immediately upon the passing of Fawcett's Act in 1873 he resolved to become a candidate for Trinity College Fellowship, and he was successful in 1880, being then in the fiftieth year of his age. It should be noted that between 1873 and 1877, and again in 1878, there were no vacancies. Dr. Maguire was appointed in 1882 to the Chair of Moral Philosophy. He is a profound metaphysician as well as a brilliant scholar, and there is probably no man now living so thoroughly versed in Platonic literature.

Mr. Louis Claude Purser, who was elected in 1881, is the first Fellow who was wholly trained in the new Dublin Classical School, the rise and progress of which we have described. He has rendered valuable services as a Lecturer and Examiner. His original work so far has chiefly been that of collaborator with Mr. Tyrrell in the second volume of Cicero's letters, and he continues to take part in the forthcoming portions of the work. He is also contributing to Smith's Dictionary of Antiquities.

Mr. John Bagnell Bury (elected 1885), has given promise of good work. He is mentioned in the April number of the Review, as a contributor to Bezzenbergers Beiträge. Mr. Alexander Charles O'Sullivan, the present junior (elected 1886) is the first Fellow since W. H. Ferrar who took up both Mathematics and Classics in his Fellowship course. This ends the list of the personnel as it stands. future numbers we hope to say something of men who have gone out from Trinity College, Dublin, to other Colleges and Universities in Ireland and elsewhere; besides giving a sketch of the working of the Classical schools throughout Ireland.-E. S. R.

In

IN reference to a remark in the Cambridge Intelligence for April, Mr. J. G. Frazer writes to say that his translation of Pausanias will certainly not appear this year.

MR. CECIL SMITH has left England for a tour of four months in the East, proceeding first to Bombay. It is requested that during his absence communications for the archæological portion of this Review may be addressed to Mr. Cecil Torr at 19, Old Buildings, Lincoln's Inn.

Sidon. The Times on Wednesday, March 30, and Thursday, April 7, printed letters from the Rev. W. K. Eddy, American missionary, incoherently reporting the discovery of an important tomb about a mile to the north-east of Sidon. There is a shaft thirty feet square and forty feet deep, giving access to four chambers on its four sides. In these were found nine sarcophagi, described as of marble, sculptured and painted, and Greek in workmanship. And below the pavement at the base of the shaft were found sixteen sarcophagi, described as Phoenician or Egyptian in type. Beshara Effendi was at Sidon preparing to move the sarcophagi to Constantinople. A protest against this removal was added-Last year glowing accounts came from Sidon of a newlydiscovered sarcophagus with Athene and Marsyas in relief: but photographs shewed that it was merely of average Græco-Roman work. It is still for sale. The museum at Constantinople is not to be despised. It contains an interesting collection: and, under Hamdi Bey's direction, it is at least as well ordered as the museums at Athens. A catalogue by M. Salomon Reinach is in progress.-CECIL TORR.

Various.-A collection of coins belonging or relating to Palestine from 143 B. C. to 135 A.D. is comprised in the Anglo-Jewish Historical Exhibition at the Albert Hall.

Archaeological articles in English journals.-Nineteenth Century, April: Demeter and the Pig, by Mr. Andrew Lang.-Saturday Review, April 9: Easter in Samos.-Times, April 9: Excavations at Orvieto.Athenæum, March 26 and April 9: News from Athens. Acquisitions to British Museum, continued from page 82.

Marbles.

GENERAL ACQUISITIONS.

Head and forehand of horse found at Civita Lavinia (ancient Lanuvium) in course of excavations carried on there by Sir J. Savile Lumley; it appears to have formed part of a chariot group with four horses: spirited Graeco-Roman work. Archaeologia, xlix. pt. 2, p. 367.

Portrait head of Marcus Brutus as a young man ; from Rome.

Portrait head of the younger Drusus; from Kyrenia, Cyprus.

Torso of Cupid bending bow: Graeco-Roman work. Stele of fourth century Athenian work, with relief representing a sepulchral vase (amphora) supported by a winged sphinx which faces the spectator, and whose body is heraldically repeated on either side. On the vase is sculptured in relief a parting scene between two warriors whose names are inscribed beside them, ̓Αρχιάδης ̔Αγνούσιος and Πολεμόνικος ̓Αθμωνεύς. Boeckh (1828), in publishing this inscription, said that the stele was then the property of Lord Guilford. C. i. No. 552.

Inscriptions.

Two marble fragments of Greek inscriptions, one or which appears to be part of a subscription list containing a curious siglum; from Erythrae.

Marble pestle in the form of a bent leg; the lower part, forming the thigh, encircled with an engraved wreath and inscribed Рodokλ...as; from Rhodes.

Fragment of stucco containing part of five lines of a painted inscription in late Greek characters; apparently a list of names; from Rhodes.

Cast of a Latin inscription found at Mactaris in Africa; Eph. Epig. v. 279.

Bronzes.

Right leg from a colossal bronze statue, broken away somewhat above the knee; the toes and part of the foot wanting. It is encased in a greave ornamented at the knee with a Gorgoneion of archaic type. The figure to which this leg belonged seems to have been that of an armed warrior standing with his weight supported on the left leg and with his right leg drawn back, with the toes lightly resting on the ground. It belongs to the best period of Greek art, and is specially interesting on account of the scarcity of fine works in bronze of that period which have come down to us. Found in 1859 in Magna Graecia: see Lenormant, La Grande Grèce, I. p. 90: Hellenic Journal, vii. pl. lxix.

Several fragments of drapery and apparently also of armour which seem to have belonged to the same statue as the preceding.

Statuette of a draped female figure holding an apple (?); 3 in. high; from Tell Mogdân in Delta. Four Bronze oinochoae; from Galaxidi near Delphi. Stamp engraved with rude patterns; from Smyrna. Stamp, with name of M. Aur. Cocceius; from Malta. Five bronze pins and needles, various; found in the Tiber.

Terra-cottas.

A series of fragments of painted sarcophagi, from Klazomenæ, with archaic designs like those of the black-figured vases; the subjects represented are as follows:

a. Two horsemen with dogs; Hellenic Journal, iv. p. 19, fig. 14.

b. Armed warriors in combat, on either side a horseman; ibid. pl. xxxi.

e. Grotesque satyr; above, a band with two birds; ibid. p. 21, fig. 15.

d. Nude female figure holding a bird in each hand, flanked by two dogs and two colossal cocks, ibid. P. 20.

e. f. Two fragments with Maeander pattern in brown on drab.

Mask of a satyr; a very interesting specimen, of thick red terra-cotta, pierced at nostrils and also with double string holes beside each ear and over the forehead for attachment. The type is that of the sixth century, so-called 'Chalcidian' satyr, with long carefully plaited beard, horse's ears, squat nose, and eyes and bushy eyebrows turned upward (cf. Hellenic Journal, vi. p. 190); from Sainos.

Boat-shaped vessel with two compartments, possibly intended to contain pigments; from Samos.

Vase in form of a camel kneeling, with panniers between which is the mouth of the vase; in the left pannier is tied a cock and a boar's head; in the right a pair of water bottles.

Vases.

Bowl of drab ware with brown linear ornaments, exactly similar to Myk. Vas. No. 80; said to have been found at Saqqara, Egypt.

Etruscan cup of black ware (same form as Berlin Vase Catalogue, No. 150, but without stem), with incised design and satyric mask in relief.

Lower part of vase in form of an archaic female bust, with flutes; from Rhodes.

Small black askos with two palmettes in red. Small bowl of Samian ware, stamped on side Kλeußouλov; from Alexandria.

Gems.

Scaraboid, black stone, with very rude intaglio; a man holding two horses by their heads; on each horse's back stands a diminutive figure.

Scaraboid, steatite; the convex side carved in form of a negro's head; on under surface a geometric pattern.

Green jasper scarab; combat of man and lion, above, a winged disk.

Red jasper scarab; a lion reclining, above, a flying bird; all from Tyre.

Chalcedony cone on base intaglio, two eagles devouring a hare; from Kara Hissar.

Chalcedony intaglio; a girl seated, holding a scroll; before her is a cippus inscribed pws, on which is a lyre; from Beresford-Hope Collection. Raspe 3479. Figured and described by A. S. Murray, the New Amphion (Edinburgh, 1886), p. 28.

Greenstone intaglio; youth standing beside colossal horse.

Chalcedony intaglio; bust of Perseus with winged cap and harpè.

Sard intaglio; a lion.

The most important acquisition was a selection from the collection of the late Mr. Whittall of Smyrna of ninety specimens from a collection of early electrum coins of the Ionian coast struck between the sixth and fifth centuries, including many types quite new and unpublished; these will shortly be published by Mr. Barclay V. Head in the Numismatic Chronicle. Among them is included a fifth century stater of Cyzicus with obv. upper part of figure of Gaia rising from soil holding the infant Erichthonios; below, a tunny fish: rev. quadripartite incuse square of millsail' pattern. If we combine this group with the Kekrops on another Cyzicene stater of the same period (British Museum Guide to Coins, x. 14), we have nearly complete the same treatment of this subject which occurs on the Berlin terra-cotta (Arch. Zeitung N. F. v. Taf. 63). It seems likely that some such group as this may have existed at Cyzicus, suggesting to the artist the types of these two

coins.

A number of new varieties of the tetradrachms of Alexander the Great.

A magnificent silver tetradrachm of Amphipolis. The series of coins noticed in Naukratis, pp. 63-69, and published in the Numismatic Chronicle, 1886, pl. 1. CECIL SMITH.

DEPARTMENT OF GREEK AND ROMAN ANTIQUITIES, 1887.

Etruscan Art.-The trustees have acquired the contents of an Etruscan tomb, of exceptional interest, which was recently discovered at Chiusi. An account of the find has been published in the Mittheilungen (Römische Abtheilung) vol. i. p. 217. The most important object is a large terra-cotta sarcophagus of unusual merit. The front of the sarcophagus itself is adorned with pilasters dividing the ground into panels, and on each panel is a large rosette. On the lid is the life-size figure of a woman, whose name is recorded in an inscription on the face of the sarcophagus:—

SEIANTI OANVNIA ·TLESNASA.
Seianti Thanunia, wife of Tlesna.

In the whole of the treatment, the figure is very similar to one in the Archæological Museum at Florence, also representing a Seianti, Mon. dell. Inst. xi. tav. i. The woman is represented as reclining, with her left elbow resting on a pillow. The left hand holds a mirror in its open case, whilst the right hand draws back the peplos from the head; she wears a diadem and earrings painted to imitate gold and amber; and she has two armlets (one in the form of coiled snakes), a necklace and six rings, in some instances painted as if set with sards. The hair, eyebrows, eyelashes, and eyeballs, are painted brownish purple, and there is a broad stripe of the same colour round the edges of her drapery. The flesh is of a warm tint, and there are also remains of blue and other colours. Though not exactly beautiful, this work must raise Etruscan sculpture in the opinion of those who judge it by the examples commonly seen. The figure has a certain dignity; though somewhat

Blätter für das Bayer. Gymnasialschulwesen redigiert von Adolf Roemer. München, J. Lindauer. Vol. xxiii Heft 1. L. Dittmeyer, Spuriousness of Aristot. hist. an. ix.-Reviews by G. Landgraf of (1) Cic. Tusc. with Germ. notes by L. W. Hasper. I (b. 1 II) 1883. pp. 114. II (b. III.-V) 1885. pp. 159. 8vo. Gotha, Perthes. (2) Quaestiones Tullianae. Pars prima de Ciceronis epistulis. Scripsit C. A. Lehmann, Prag (Leipzig) 1886. Tempsky (Freytag) pp. VIII, 136. Lehmann, known as a student of Cicero, by articles in the Hermes and in the Berlin Jahresber. des Philol. Vereins, is preparing an edition of Cicero's letters, and here proposes many specious emendations; in many places he defends the vulgate successfully, especially against Wesenberg. (3) Q. Curtius with German notes by Th. Vogel. Vol. I (b. III-V). Third ed. 1885. pp. 229. Leipzig, Teubner (highly praised, esp. the Syntaxis Curtiana). Review by Bernhard Seph of Festi breviarium rerum gestarum populi Romani, edidit Carolus Wagener. Prag (Leipzig), Tempsky (Freytag). pp. xiv, 23. 50 Pf.-Review by Wecklein of (1) Aristophanis deperditarum comoediarum fragmenta. Auxit, novo ordine digessit, recensuit et annotatione partim aliorum selecta instruxit Fredericus H. M. Blaydes. Halle, Waisenhaus. 1885. p. xiv. 491. 8vo. (2) Aristophanis comici quae supersunt opera. Recensuit Fredericus H. M. Blaydes. Vol. I. Undecim fabulas superstites continens. pp. xc, 528. Vol. II. Fragmenta annotatione partim aliorum selecta instructa continens. pp. xiv, 628. Halle, Waisenhaus. 1886. 8vo. (Though many objections may be raised. yet the good greatly predominates; ever and anon we come

across an

excellent remark or a brilliant emendation . . . The edition of Blaydes will take, I do not care to say an epoch-making, but at any rate a very important place in the literature of Aristophanes').-Review by M. Rottmänner of P. Willems, Les élections municipales à Pompéi. Bruxelles, Hayez; Paris, Thorin. 1886. pp. 142. 8vo. (Most of the wall-inscriptions at Pompeii are recommendations of candidates for election; Willems counts 590 for the year of the destruction of the city, A.D. 79).-Review by H. Zimmerer of Generalkarte des Königreichs Griechenland, im Masstabe 1: 300,000 der Natur. Nach Berichtigungsdaten des k. griech. Oberstlieutenants J. Kokides und revidiert von Prof. Dr. H. Kiepert. Bearbeitet und herausgegeben vom k. k. Militärgeographischen Institute in Wien. 1885 (thirteen sheets, price 70 kr. each. The review names other late publications on Greek geography, e.g. the 'epochmaking' work 'Die physikalische Geographie von Griechenland von Neumann-Partsch, Breslau 1885').

The late numbers of the Zeitschrift of the Deutsche Morgenländ. Gesellsch. (Band xiv. Heft 1-3) contain several articles bearing on classical literature. Dr. Gildemeister shows that Moses of Khoren in his account of the siege of Tigranocerta by Sapor II. has adopted rather than adapted the text of Alexander's capture of Thebes in the Pseudo-Kallisthenes. This discovery raises a curious question as to the date of the Armenian translation of the romance. Eugen Wilhelm on Königthum und Priesterthum im alten Erán, illustrates Greek writers on his subject from Persian sources. Dr. M. Klamroth contributes a careful paper on the citations of Greek authors by the Arab chronicler El-Yakubi dealing first with Hippocrates. It is most important that scholars should be alive to the information to be obtained from Arab and other Oriental sources as to Greek texts, especially those of the philosophers and physicians. Dr. Kuhnert contributes a paper on Midas in Greek Legend and Art.-P.

His

THE last number of the Mémoires de la Société do Linguistique (tome 6, fasc. 2) begins with an article by M. Bréal occasioned by the publication of the second volume of M. Zvetaieff's Inscriptiones Mediae Dialecticae. M. Bréal chiefly discusses the meaning of the words HERENTATEI HERVKINAI on an inscription found at Herculaneum, which he would translate by decreto Herculanensium.' The rest of the number is mainly occupied with notes on various etymological points by MM. Bréal, Havet, and Victor Henry. The most interesting article is one by M. Victor Henry, in which he deals with the Latin case terminations containing b (-bus, -bi, -bis). conclusion is that in no case does the existing termination directly represent the Indo-European original, the exact form being everywhere the result of analogy rather than strict phonetic law. M. Havet discusses the Latin ablatives in -ě, and holds that they originate from a confusion between the ablative proper of consonantal stems (-id, -ed) and the locative (-i). Among the individual words discussed we may mention as specially interesting : sẽ, sed-Tibaißwoow, faber-oloμai oluai-necesseFETOLOS vetare-victima-hostire, and the g in ne-g-otium, ne-g-legens, ne-g-o, which M. Havet identifies with the Greek ye. M. de Saussure contributes a more complete statement than has yet appeared of the form taken by the hard velar guttural in Greek after a v. M. Philippe Berger has an article on Camillus (Casmillus. Greek, Káuiλλos, Káoμiλos, Kaduixos) in which he recognises the Phoenician Kadm-El-' he that is in the presence of God.' He would connect Káduos, an abbreviated form, as in Semel-Baal, which appears without the last element in Semele.

Wochenschrift für Klassische Philologie, edited by G. ANDRESEN and H. HELLER (Hirschfelder having retired)-No. 1. (1 Jan. 1887): W. Soltau, Prolegomena zu einer römischen Chronologie (G. Phoaret), Matzat, Holzapfel, Soltau tread too closely on one another's heels.-W. Christ, Aristotelis Metaphysica (F. Süsemihl), gives a new and careful collation of the two oldest MSS. A and E, and concludes that they are from independent sources, E being slightly the less valuable, and that all the later MSS. are derived from one or other of them. The contributions of other scholars, the Reviewer, Bonitz, Jackson and others, have not been sufficiently weighed and noticed. -G. Helmreich, Galeni de utilitate partium liber quartus (H Marquardt), good.-E. Popp, de Ciceronis de officiis librorum codice Palatino 1531 (Th. Schiche), the MS. is not of much value for settling the text.

No. 2 (12 Jan): H. Schütz, Sophokleische Studien I, Antigone (A. Oldenberg) contains some excellent and simple conjectures, but chiefly devoted to defence of MS. readings.-F. Meister, Quintilian I. O. i. -vi. (M. Kiderlin), a decided advance on Halm's text, and gives MS. Bn. its proper weight. Reviewer discusses a number of passages in books 3 and 4.

No 3 (19 Jan.): P. Bersu, Die Gutturalen u. ihre Verbindung mit u. in Lateinischen (H. Schweizer Sidler) a long and favourable review.-R. Beck, Zu Ciceros Rede in Clodium et Curionem (Th. Stangl) good.-J. Obermeier der Sprachgebrauch des Lucanus (J. H. Schmalz) enables reviewer in some points to correct and supplement his syntax in Müller's Handbuch.

No. 4 (26 Jan.): S. Lederer, eine neue Handschrift v. Arrians Anabasis (C. R. Grundmann), the MS. is of the 15th cent., and not of much value.-Piderit Cicero de Oratore Lib 1. 6th edition by O. Harnecker (Th. Stangl). Reviewer communicates some new MS. readings which he recommends.