Weidmann. 1886. pp.

xxiv 240.-Review by E. Reisch of Albert Müller, Lehrbuch der griechischen Bühnenalterthümer. Freiburg i. B. 1866. Mohr' (Hermann's Lehrbuch III 2).-Reviews by A. Bauer (1) of G. Egelhaaf: Analekten zur Geschichte. Stuttgart, Kohlhammer. 1866' pp. 284. M. 5.40 (on the military services of Perikles, the battle of Chaironeia, Capua's defcction to Hannibal, Hannibal's letter to the Rhodians); (2) of A. Fokke. Rettungen des Alkibiades II. Emden, Haynel. 1886.' pp. viii, 112; (3) of 'F. F. Schulz: Quibus ex fontibus fluxerunt Agidis, Cleomenis, Arati vitae Plutarcheae. Berol. Hadk. 1886. pp. VIII, 57; (4) of C. Peter: Zeittafeln der griechischen Geschichte. 6 verb. Aufl. Halle, Waisenhaus. 1886.' pp. IV, 166.-K. Schenkl, The Gymnasia of Serbia. A commission has issued two reports, three members recommending the separation of the Gymnasium from the Realschule, two retaining the single Gymnasium; both admit Greek and allow more time for Latin.-Review by H. S. Sedlmayer of Margoliouth, Aesch. Agam.-Review by J. Golling of 'Emendationen zu Verg. Aen. I. IV. Von Dr. G. Heidtmann. Coblenz, N. Groos. 1885.' pp. viii, 10.

Heft 5. Explanation of Plat. soph. 253de by Dr. F. Lukas.-Review by A. Kornitzer of 'Demosth. ex rec. G. Dindorfii vol. I ed. iv correctior curante F. Blass. Leipzig, Teubner. 1885.'-Review by A. Zingerle of Baehrens, Fragmenta poetarum Latinorum. Lips. Teubner. 1886.'-Review by E. Reisch of Frédéric Plessis, études critiques sur Properce et ses élégies. Paris, Hachette. 1884.'Review by R. Bischofsky of Schmidt's abridged text of Q. Curtius (Schenkl's texts).-Review by T. Wildauer of Die Psychologie der Stoa von Dr. Ludwig Stein. I. Metaphysisch anthropologischer Theil. Berlin, Calvary. 1886.' pp. 216.-Qualifications for the office of teacher in the Prussian higher schools (regulation of 5 Febr. 1887). Notice of The Classical Review. No. I.'

6

Zeitschr. f. oesterr. Gymn. xxxviii (1887). Heft 6. M. Iskrzycki, scholia to the Odyssey' (additions and various readings from the Cracow ms. J of the Od., compared with Dindorf's edition).-J. Mähly, 'Vergilian doubts.'-Ign. Praniner, on Tacitus (1) silentium uastum in Tac. Agr. 38. h. iii 13. an. iv 50 borrowed from Liv. x 34 § 6. (2) Tac. an. i 3 (the portrait of Agrippa Postumus) rudem sane bonarum artium et robore corporis stolide ferocem, nullius tamen flagitii compertum, borrowed from Livy's account of young Titus Maulius vii 4 § 4 nullius probi compertum. 5 § 2 capit consilium rudis quidem iatque agrestis animi. §6 iuuenem stolide ferocem uiribus suis. (3) the rule of Tacitus and Sallust (Oros. vii 10 § 4) to omit the numbers slain or taken in battles, allows of some exceptions Agr. 37. an. iv 73. xiv 37. h. ii 17.-Favorable reviews (1) by Carl Ziwsa of Platonis Symposion erkl. v. Arn. Hug. 2nd ed. Leipzig 1884. pp. lxvii, 232. 3 M. (2) by F. Lanczizky, of Platonis Meno et Euthyphro. Incerti scriptoris Theages Erastae Hipparchus. Recensuit prolegomenis et commentariis instruxit Ad. R. Fritzsche. Lipsiae, Teubner. 1885. pp. 347 (founded on Stallbaum's ed. of 1836, but practically a new work); (3) by Franz Slameczka of Ausgew. Reden des Demosthenes erkl. v. A. Westermann. vol. ii (de cor. c. Lept.). 6th. ed. by E. Rosenburg. Berlin, Weidmann. 1885; (4) (5) and (6) by A. Kornitzer of Cic. or. sel. scholarum in usum ed. Herm. Nohl (p. R. Am. Leipzig, Freytag 1884; in Q. Caec. div., in Verr. iv, v, ibid. 1885); Ciceros Divin. in Q. Caecilium hrsg. v. Fr. Richter. 2 ed. by A. Eberhard. Leipzig, Teubner, 1884; Ciceros Rede für Archias, hrsg. v.

Fr. Richter u. A. Eberhard. 3rd. ed. Leipzig, Teubner, 1884; (7) by M. Petschenig of M. Iuniani Justini epitoma hist. Phil. Pompei Trogi ex rec. Fr. Ruehl. Accedunt prologi in Pompeium Trogum ab A. Gutschmid recensiti. Leipzig, Teubner (bibliotheca) pp. lxii, 315. The name of the epitomator, M. Iunianus Iustinus' is preserved only by C, cod. Casinensis (now Laurentianus) saec. xi, to which Ruehl, in the books for which it exists, attributes the highest authority; (8) by J. Ptaschnik of Kiepert's Atlas antiquus. 8th. ed. Berlin, Reimer. This has now an index of names, which may be had separately, Pr. 1 M, 20 Pf.

Wochenschrift für Klassische Philologie.-No. 11 (16 March): H. Jordan, Der Tempel der Vesta (G. Zippel), describes completely and pronounces carefully on the excavations carried on since 1874.R. Linde, de recensionibus Apollomii Rhodii (Al. Rzach), unduly minin ises the differences between our text and the poékdoσis mentioned in the Scholia. -Scholia Hephaestionca, ed W. Hoerschelmann (H. Reimann), relieves Schol. B so completely from the disorder introduced by Turnebus and Gaisford that it may be called an Editio princeps. A. Sperling, Apion der Grammatiker, scientifically and with much objectivity white-washes this persecutor of the Jews. -M. Gitlbauer, Streifzüge V (E. Wolff) ascribes great importance to B MSS. of Caesar, exaggerates somewhat and is not always convincing.

No. 12(23 March)-B. Lorenz, Taube im Alterthum (M. C. P. Schmidt): table of contents. Fr. Studniczka Geschichte der griech. Tracht (P. Weizsäcker) a most instructive work, with a polemic against Helbig, and deserving the attention of all archaeologists.— Fr. Cauer Aencassage (E. Baehrens), industrious but unsatisfactory alike in methods and results.-Th. Oesterley Humor b. Horaz (G. Faltin) doomed to speedy oblivion.-J. Winkesteyn de fontibus libri de viris illustribus (Th. Opitz) thorough and industrious.

No. 13 (30 March)—Inschriften griech. Bildhauer von Em. Loewy (P. Weizsäcker), a most important, excellent and careful work.-K. Brugmann, Vergleichende Grammatik i. (F. Holthausen), stimulating and illuminating; includes an introduction on the original Indo-germanic home and the pronunciation of the various alphabets, and affords fresh evidence of the connection between Latin and Celtic.-Homer ed. Christ (A. Rzach), is an edition full of good work, but the commentary is so condensed as to be misleading, and contains many errors.--E. Wolff Taciti Hist. i. ii. (J. Müller), uniform with Nipperdey's Annals, but more of a school-book.-F. Devantier Lat. Relativum in der Verschränkung (Zillgenz), a clear and exhaustive discussion of a difficult point in Latin syntax.

No. 14(6 April)-H. Osthoff Neueste Sprachforschung (H. Zemer) a complete refutation of Collitz.-C. Maurer de aris Graecorum pluribusdeis in commune positis (H. Gloël) important.-Homer ed. W. Christ (A. Rezach): a list of the errors in the commentary. -Aristotelis de Anima recogn, G. Biehl (Dembowski) possesses much merit.-A. Kalkmann Pausanias (H. Dutschke) learned and lively.

No. 15 (13 April)-Roscher, Lexikon d. Mythologic 9 and 10 (A. Zinzow), thorough and careful.-H. Hersel, Auctor libelli Tepl vous (Br. Keil), a careful examination of the quotations contained in the περὶ ὕψους. -Persii, Juvenalis, Sulpiciae Sat. Recog. JahnBücheler (A. Weidner): Bücheler has made important alterations, many happy emendations and corrections in punctuation, but of course the edition is not final.

No. 16 (20 April)—Demosthenes' Philipp. v. Rehdantz-Blass (W. Nitsche): Blass has made a number of improvements but the edition remains practically the same.-Euripides' Medea, v. H. v. Arnim (Th. Barthold): practically a new edition, so little is left of Schöne's work: in criticism Arnim is weak, otherwise fair.-H. Merguet, Lexikon zu Caesar 3 Lfrg. (A. Neitzert) much inferior to Meusel's lexicon.— Ellendt's Lat. Gramm. v. Seyffert-Fries (Zillgenz): this the thirtieth edition brings the book up to modern requirements.

No. 17 (27 April)-J. v. T. Baunack, Studien d. griech. u. arisch. Sprachen i. (O. Immisch): grammatical, etymological and epigraphic studies which show much insight and astonishing labour.-H. Berger, Erdkunde der Griechen (J. Partsch), the most important contribution to the study of ancient geography that has been made for years. Stahl, Quacstiones ad Thucyd. pertinent. (S. Widmann): in effect a new book and full of proofs of the science, learning and judgment of the author.-Ihne, Römische Geschichte vi. (G. Faltin): Ihne differs from Niebuhr's estimate of Caesar, but does not believe that empire was the plan which dominated his whole life; is less severe on Cicero than is Mommsen; this vol. no more attractive to the general public than the previous five.-Plautus, Ritschl recog. Goetz (Anspach ;) Goetz much more conservative in the text than Ritschl.-Merguet, Lexikon zu Caesar Lfrg. 4-6 (E. Wolff), behind the times.-G. Schepss, Aeltesten Evangelienhandschriften der Würzburger Universitätsbibliothek (Stangl) new and good MS. material for reconstructing the Itala.

No. 18 (4 May)-F. Müller Zu den Reden bei Thukidides (S. Widmann) stimulating.-Heberden Euripides Medea (Th. Barthold) makes no claims to originality.-Dionysii Halic. antiqu. Roman. ex. rec. A. Kiessling et V. Pron (K. Jaedby) unsatisfactory. -C. J. Rochel de allocutionis usu apud Thucydidem, Xenophontem al. (Br. Keil) alike unscientific and unmethodical.-A. Gerber et A. Greef Lexicon Taciteum VI. (E. Wolff) an excellent contribution both to the explanation of Tacitus and to the history of Latin.

No. 19 (11 May)—Denkmäler d. klass Altertums 21-33 (P. Weizsäcker), the good far outweighs the bad.-H. Hesbrecht de sacerdotii apud Graecos emptione (P. Stengel) a thorough piece of work.-Euripides Medea von S. Mehler (Th. Barthold): the review discusses many passages, but does not estimate the value of the edition.-J. Kohm Echtheit der Tetralogieen des Antiphon (H. Lewy) cautions and generally sound.-C. Th. Michaelis de Plutarchi codice Marciano 386 (Br. Keil) valuable.-Corippi quae supersunt. rec. M. Petschenig (M. Manitius) contains many happy emendations.-H. Meyer Schriften zur Kunst (H. Blümner) contains little that is new to the archaeologist.

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No. 20 (18 May)—W. Richter Handel u. Verkehr der Völker des Mittelmeers (H. Blümner) readable and sound. Euripides' Herakliden von W. Bauer, 2 Aufl. von N. Wecklein (H. Gloël) an excellent school edition.-Carmina figurata Graeca ed. C. Haeberlin, and M. Rannow, Studia Theocritea (G. Knaack) the former contains some interesting discoveries and many untenable hypotheses; the latter is a sober, solid piece of work.-A. Gercke Chrysippea (F. Susemihl) a good contribution towards a complete collection of the fragments of Chrysippus.-Fr. Knoke Germanicus in Deutschlaud (G. Andresen) somewhat too long and somewhat uneven, but most important.

The Philologischer Anzeiger, vol. xvii, parts 2 and 3. 18. Ettore di Ruggiero, Dizionario epigrafico di antichità romane, fasc. i, ii, abacus-ab actis (rev.

by J. Schmidt). The author's object is to supply a systematic explanatory index to all points of Roman antiquities contained in the Corpus Inscriptimum Latinarum, with references to the actual inscriptions. The work includes names of places, but excludes those of persons, with the exception of the Emperors and their families. It would be premature to express an opinion upon the value of the work on the strength of the first fifty-four pages only.

Greek Authors.-19. Arthur Ludwich, Aristarchs homerische textkritik nach den fragmenten des Didymos dargestellt (L. Cohn). An instructive contribution to recent Homeric literature. 20. August Fick, Die homerische Ilias nach ihrer entstehung betrachtet und in der ursprünglichen sprachform wiederhergestellt (H. F. Muller). The reviewer finds no ground for believing in the existence of an Aeolian Iliad.

21.

A. Brand, über die ausdrücke der zeit bei Homer (L. Schmidt). Mainly on ús and its various epithets in Homer. 22. K. Sander, über die zeiteintheilung in den homerischen gedichten (L. Schmidt). On the duration of the events described in the Iliad and Odyssey. 23. R. Linde, de diversis recensionibus Apollonii Rhodii Argonauticon (R. Volkmanu). A somewhat diffuse but interesting dissertation. The author attacks many of Merkel's views, and finally disposes of that scholar's hypothesis of a triple recension of the Argonautica. 24. J. Pomtow, Poetae lyrici Graeci minores (E. von Leutsch). 25. B. L. Gildersleeve, The Olympian and Pythian Odes, with an introductory Essay, &c. (O. Crusius). Well suited for beginners. The editor mainly confines himself to the avowed object of recording the most important results of German research; and this he does with an enthusiasm and skill that deserve recog nition. The introductory essays are clear, concise and stimulating; but too little is said on the life of Pindar and too much on the metrical schemes of J. H. H. Schmidt. The use of Greek coins for the embellishment of a popular edition of an author like Pindar merits approval; but the reproduction of the Eastern pediment of the temple of Zeus at Olympia is on far too small a scale. 26. M. Rannow, Studia Theocritea (C. Haerberlin). Part i, on the date of Idylls xvi, xvii, xiv, xv. Part ii is devoted to proving that Theocritus did not imitate Callimachus. 27. S. Reiter, De syllabarum in trisemam longitudinem productarum usu Aeschyleo et Sophocleo (R. Hildebrandt). Cap. 1, summary of the opinions of Hermann, Apel, Boeckh, Feussner, Bellermann, Rossbach and Westphal, J. H. H. Schmidt, M. Schmidt and Christ on the instances in choral metres of a long syllable being specially lengthened so as to be metrically equivalent to three or more short syllables. Cap. 2, numerous examples from Aeschylus and Sophocles, showing that, in certain circumstances, a lengthened syllable equivalent to three times' —, antistrophically corresponds to -- 01— —0r

Cap. 3, on the use of a long syllable as equivalent to four times' especially in the ionic and dochmiac metres of Aeschylus and Sophocles. Cap. 4, on the circumstances in which the lengthened sylla' le equivalent to three times' is used by these poets. The writer shows a thorough familiarity with the theory of Greek metre and the criticism and exegesis of the tragic poets. Chap. 2 is of special importance in showing that Aeschylus and Sophocles are far less corrupt than is generally supposed, and that it is high time to restore to those authors a purer text by the removal of modern emendations.' The whole work is worthy of careful study by all who are interested in the criticism of the tragic poets.

28.

T. Zielinski, Die märchenkomödie in Athen (W. Uckermann). The author regards the Birds of

Aristophanes as the only surviving example of this kind of comedy; but finds traces of ancient folklore in other plays. Some of these fragmentary allusions may be illustrated by the folklore of modern Greece (e.g. Vesp. 794 ff. by Hahn ii 85.) 20. C. F. Müller, Ignati Diaconi tetrasticha iambica 53, versus in Adamum 143. De Ignatii metrica arte vita scriptis disputatio (F. Hanssen). The introduction confirms the view that Ignatius Diaconus flourished in the first half of the ninth century. It is to be regretted that the editor has not used any fresh manuscript material: and that he has not discussed the prosody of his author, with a view to showing inter alia whether the Anacreontea ascribed to him are genuine or not. 30. A. Bauer, Thukydidis und H. Müller-Strübing. Ein beitrag zur geschichte der philologischen methode. An interesting defence of Thucydides against the attacks of Müller-Strübing, and a well-timed protest against the destructive criticism, of which it is a typical example. 31. A. Kalkmann, Pausanias der Pericget (K. Seeliger). An elaborate review extending over 14 pp., closing with the statement of the reviewer's opinion that, though the materials collected in Kalkmann's treatise will be gratefully used by all who are engaged in research on the subject of Pansanias, yet his views as to the sources froin which Pausanias derived his information can only be regarded with grave mistrust. 32 and 33. J. Kohm, ein beitrag zur frage über die echtheit der tetralogien des redners Antiphon, in two parts (F. Blass). The author rightly maintains the genuineness of the speeches, though he does not pay sufficient attention to differences of style between the tetralogies and the other speeches (e.g. in the use of particles). 34. H. Buermann, Die handschriftliche überlieferung des Isokrates; ii, Der Urbinas und seine verwandtschaft (F. Blass). The first part of Buermann's treatise on the MSS of Isocrates was reviewed in Phil. Anz. in 1885, p. 410. The present deals with the codex Urbinas alone, and with the textual inferences to be drawn from the corrections in that MS.

The reviewer looks forward with interest to the publication of the rest of the treatise.

Latin Authors.—35. I. L. Ussing, T. Macci Plauti comoediae; vol. v, Persam, Rudentem, Stichum, Trinummum, Truculentum continens. Ussing's edition of Plautus is now complete, with the exception of the Cistellaria and Casina. In spite of the good service done by the editor in certain passages of the text, the present volume, as a whole, is not calculated to change the unfavourable opinion which German scholars have formed respecting the parts already published. Commentaries like those of Brix on the Miles Gloriosus and of Lorenz on the Pseudolus contain more trustworthy information on the language of Plautus than is to be found in all the eighteen plays of Ussing's edition. The reviewer, who does not sign his name, illustrates his remarks by an examination of some passages of the Persa. 36. J. S. Speijer, Lanx Satura (C. Haeberlin). A pamphlet containing (1) a discussion of the meaning of Orcus; (2) a new explanation of Hor. Sat. i 5, 87, oppidulum versu quod dicere non est'; (3) emendations on Virgil, Horace, Cicero, Livy, Tacitus; (4) grammatical observations on est = edit, and on pecua, cupere alicuius and the nominativus praedicativus. (1) Orcus, according to Speijer, is always the god of the underworld, never the underworld itself; if so, in Aen. iv 242, animas ille evocat Orco,' we must not only understand ab, but also alter evocat into avocat. The reviewer suggests that Orco may here be a dativus ethicus': 'er ruft dem Orcus die seelen fort.' (2) The oppidulum is identified as Věnusia, not as Equum Tuticum (Schol. ad loc.), which does not lie on the route described, and can be got into hexameter verse (by separating its

two parts and eliding the last syllable). (3) Of the emendations, the reviewer approves Aen. iv 610, 'et Dirae ultrices fidei' (for et Di).

Greck History, &c.—37. Arnold Schaefer, Demosthenes und seine Zeit, vol. i and ii of revised ed. 1885-6 (H. Landwehr). The first vol. of this admirable work was revised by Schaefer himself, the second by one of the late Professor's pupils, M. Hoffmann, with the help of Usener and Kirchhoff. The evidence of inscriptions discovered since 1856-8 has been taken into account in the new edition, and the whole work has been very carefully revised; vol. i includes a lithograph of a bust of Dem.; vol. ii, one of the statue at Knole; to vol. iii Michaelis contributes an excursus on the extant portraits of Dem. 38. Boeckh, Die staatshaushaltung der Athener, ed. 3, in two vols.; with notes by M. Frankel (H. Landwehr). A worthy edition of a great work. 39. F. B. Jevons, History of Greek Literature from the earliest period to the death of Demosthenes (K. Sittl). A work that shows familiarity with the most recent literature of the subject, as well as critical ability and common sense. The reviewer makes a few corrections on points of detail; and suggests that, in a future edition the introductory chapter might, with advantage, be expanded.

Roman History, &c. 40 and 41. K. W. Nitsch, Geschichte der römischen republik; nach dessen hinterlassenen papieren und vorlesungen herausgegeben von dr. G. Thouret. 2 vols. (M. Zoeller.) A work which, in spite of certain faults, can be thoroughly recommended to all who are engaged in the special study of Roman History. 42. E. Marks, de alis, quales in exercitu Romano tempore liberae reipublicae fuerint (A. Bauer). Shews that, down to the time of the Marsic war, the word ala is used of the mixed contingent of cavalry and infantry furnished by the allies of Rome (ala sociorum); and afterwards, of cavalry alone (reiter-ala). 43. M. Siebourg, de Sulevis Campestribus Fatis dissertatio epigraphica (Joh. Schmidt). Conspectus of inscriptions referring to the Suleviae (p. 1-16), with two appendices on the dea Sules (?) of Bath and on the Silvanae (16-20), the Campestres (20-25); the Fati, Fatae (25-28). The cult of the Sulevine and the Matres (or Matronae) prevailed in Celtic and German districts during the first three centuries of the Roman Empire; but (as the reviewer shows) was not confined to 'homines humiliores.' Similarly in the case of the Campestres. On the Fatac the writer ought to have noticed the evidence derived from coins. 44. H. Maué, die vereine der fobri, centonarii und dendrophori im römischen reich (E. Herzeg). A valuable pamphlet on some of the guilds of the Roman empire. P. Willems, les élections municipales à Pompéi (E. Herzog). A model of antiquarian and epigraphic research, in the form of a popular lecture by the learned author of the 'Droit public romain,' and 'Le sénat de la république.'

45.

Travel.-46. M. Toussaint, Von klassischen stätten. Reiseerinnerungen und geschichtliche rückblicke; and 47. Ed. Engel, Griechische frühlingstage (L. Bornemann). Toussaint's pamphlet contains an account of a visit to Rome, Naples, Paestum and Selinus, and a voyage from Messina to Athens; for many of his details, he professes to be mainly indebted to the works of Gregorovius, Dörpfeld, Michaelis and Ross. Engel's book is distinctly original. It is inspired throughout by a warm appreciation of the modern inhabitants of Greece; and in spite of certain faults of style and taste, is thoroughly interesting, especially its account of the author's tour in the Peloponnesus. He is evidently more at home in the life and language of the modern Greeks, than in matters connected with Greek Archaeology.

The number closes with bibliography(p. 203-15); items of philological news (216-22); and contents of philological periodicals (222-7).

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Kuhn's Zeitschrift xxix, Nos. I. and II., pp. 1-59. -R. Lenz.-On the physiology and history of the palatals, dealing especially with the palatalisation of gutturals in the Romance languages; pp. 59-124F. Solmsen.-Sigma in combination with nasals and liquids in Greek-an elaborate collection of instances illustrating the laws given by Brugmann, Gr. Gr. § 45, 55. (i) I.-E. 8+nasal and nasal + 8 medially between vowels in Urgriech. are assimilated to double nasal; the double nasal is kept in Lesbian and Thessalian, elsewhere simplified with lengthening of preceding vowel, e.g. I.-E. nsmé-, Lesb. uues Att. ἡμεῖς. (ii) Nasal + + consonant loses nasal, without lengthening preceding vowel-c.g. deonóτNS deμa-Tóτns (except n + 8 + i, which becomes voo and falls under iii.) (iii) Nasal + initially and medially between vowels, if originating within the limits of Greek, in Argive, Cretan, Arcadian, and Thessalian remains unchanged; elsewhere nasal lost and preceding vowel becomes in Lesbian an i-diphthong, elsewhere is lengthened. Continuation promised.Pp. 124-152-J. Wackernagel.-Miscellen (i) liquids and nasals; in accented syllables combination remains, mutatis mutandis (oppos ύρσος), in unaccented ☛ lost with lengthening of vowel (oùpá). (11) Attic contraction of Fo, oFa, contracted when accent comes later (vovμnvía), uncontracted under the accent (véos). Tλéov (neut. sing.) in Aristoph—in other forms πλειόνων). πλεῖον being properispomenon had main accent one; consequently dropped but in wλeloves bore main accent. (iii) ἕκαστος from an earlier ἑκάστος (each for himself, cf. quisque) gen.* ἑκάστερ ἑκάστου, whence ἕκαστος. (iv) aelda-Orig. aor. à-Fe-Fd-ov = àFeidov as -Fe-Fπ-ov

=

:

=

teinov (K. Z. xxv. 306), which has passed to a pres. stem (cf. à-vdh). Pp. 152-176-P. Kretschmer -The Corinthian Vase Inscriptions. Pp. 176-188F. Burg. On the relation of writing to speech. Pp. 188-192-K. Krumbacher. Supplementary to previous article (xxvii. 484) on the history of the Greek language. P. 192-Wilbrandt connects cella (*cerla) with cera.

Revue de Linguistique et de Philologie Comparée. Paris. 15 Janvier, 1887.-A. Hovelacque and Jean Kirste review favourably La Linguistique Évolutionniste of Paul Regnaud, who follows the older philologians in all save theory of guna or vowelintensification. He regards a as the original vowel and refers all consonants save liquids and nasals to a whistling and explosive group. Primitive roots were few in number, simple in meaning. Raoul De La Grasserie continues his inquiry into the distinctions of number in the Indo-European languages. Paul Regnaud complains of L. Havet for neglecting linguistique' in his recent Abrégé de Grammaire latine, and discusses the reserve of modern philology in the matter of first principles.-15 Avril, 1887.C. A. Pietrement begins an account of the Patois Briard. Paul Regnaud reviews Darmesteter's La Vie des Mots-doubts the plan of sketching the philosophy of language from a single speech-says that among forces which preserve language the author has forgotten the grammarians-thinks the dark ages caused decay of literary Latin, not its crystallisation -doubts author's distinction between German as rich in compounds, and Romance as rich in derivatives

considers the work valuable in details and a contribution to the history of French, if not a contribution to the philosophy of Language.

Theologischer Literaturzeitung, herausg. von Ad.. Harnack u. E. Schürer. The following articles may be noticed. 26 Mar. Gwynn, On a Syriac MS. belonging to the collection of Archbishop Ussher (Nestle). Dr. Gwynn shows that Ussher's MS., which was supposed to contain a Syriac translation of the whole of the N. T., still exists in Trin. Coll. Dublin, but that it contains only those portions of the N. T. which are wanting in the Peshito-John viii., the four smaller Catholic Epistles, and the Apocalypse. It is important for the textual criticism of these portions. 9 April: Ueber ein in Deutschland bisher unbekannte Falschung des Simonides (A. Harnack). Draseke published in the Zeitschrift für Wissensch. Theologie, 1887, pt. 2, the conclusion of the Shepherd of Hermas in Greek, which has hitherto been wanting. This is taken from a collection of Greek treatises edited by Simonides, published by David Nutt, London, 1859. Draseke treats this document with much more respect than it deserves, and even Hilgenfeld thinks that it may contain something of value. Harnack thinks it well, therefore, at once to point out the marks of forgery which present themselves to him. This he does with great force and very convincingly-Jahn, Alb. Des Heil. Eustathius Beurtheilung des Origenes betreffend die Auffassung der Wahrsagerin I. Kön. [Sam.] 28 (F. H. Reusch). This treatise is one of the scanty monuments of the obscure beginning of the attack on Origen, though in itself, in relation to the exegetical problem, of no importance. The text both of Eustathius and of Origen's Homily which he criticises has hitherto rested mainly on the Editio Princeps of Leo Allazzi, taken from a very faulty Vatican MS. Thanks are due to Jahn for his edition, which is founded upon all the printed editions, and on the Codex Monacensis Graecus 331, now used for the first time. Jahn's text of the Homily of Origen certainly renders all previous texts obsolete, but he has taken far too little pains in the emendation of Origen from the citations of Eustathius; he has done very little for the explanation of the matter which he has edited; he has given no index of any kind; and his introduction contains nothing of any value which is not found in Huet and Delarue.

Theologisch Tijdschrift, xxi. 3. May 1887. Dr. Völter in a long article called Ignatius-Peregrinus, written in German, endeavours to shew (1) that the Ignatian Epistles are all with the exception of the Epistle to the Romans 'genuine'; (2) that the genuine' six are really the work of Lucian and Peregrinus, and identical with the epistles ascribed to him by Lucian in C. 41 (φασὶ δὲ πάσαις σχεδόν ταῖς ἐνδόξοις πόλεσιν ἐπιστολὰς διαπέμψαι αὐτόν, διαθήκας τινὰς καὶ παραινέσεις καὶ νόμους); (3) that with the expulsion of Peregrinus from the Church they lost their popularity, and were afterwards at the time of the Montanist movement re-edited with the name of Ignatius substituted for that of Peregrinus by a diascenest who also wrote the Epistle to the Romans, in which the author is first represented as a Bishop, and introduced into the remaining epistles 'die Vorstellung das der Briefschreiber auf dem Transport nach Rom sich befinde". Review: Die synoptischen evangelien nach der Form Ihres inhaltes von C. Holsten by Dr. W. C. van Manen. (Favourable.)

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