theria, inflammation of brain, whooping-cough, meningitis, membranous croup and puerperal fever were less prevalent.

Compared with the average for April in the 10 years, 1894-1903, smallpox, typhoid fever and diphtheria were more than usually prevalent; and influenza, pneumonia, pleuritis, intermittent fever, erysipelas, remittent fever, cholera morbus, inflammation of brain, whooping-cough, meningitis, membranous croup and puerperal fever were less than usually prevalent. Meningitis was reported present at 9 places; whooping-cough at 20 places; diphtheria at 61 places; typhoid fever at 76 places; pneumonia at 115 places; scarlet fever at 128 places; smallpox at 151 places; measles at 171 places; and consumption at 260 places.

The total number of deaths returned to the State Department for the month of April was 3,212, or 194 less than the number registered for the preceding month. The death rate was 15.7, as compared with a rate of 16.0 for March. Deaths under 1 year, 518; I to 4 years, 172; 65 years and over, 1,008.

Deaths by causes: Tuberculosis of lungs, 235; other forms of tuberculosis, 37; typhoid fever, 81; diphtheria and croup, 47; scarlet fever, 25; measles, 27; whooping-cough, 15; pneumonia, 302; influenza, 104; cancer, 145; accidents and violence, 184.

There was a marked rise in the number of deaths from typhoid fever, and a decrease in the number reported from pneumonia and influenza, as compared with the preceding month.

MINNESOTA.-Minneapolis, 240,000. Report for March: Deaths, 231-44 under 5 years. Annual death rate, 10.68. Deaths from typhoid fever, 29; consumption, 23; cancer, 7; organic heart disease, 12; other diseases of the circulatory system, 3; bronchitis, 7; pneumonia and broncho-pneumonia, 27; Bright's disease, 10.

St. Paul, 185,000. Report for March: Deaths, 178-55 under 5 years; death rate, 11.54. Deaths from tuberculosis, 21; pneumonia, 25; typhoid fever, 2; diphtheria and croup, 12; nephritis, 6; scarlet fever, I; cancer, 6.

MISSOURI.-St. Louis, 645,000. Report for March: Deaths, 1,174-218 under 5 years; annual death rate, 17.01. Deaths from measles, 7; zymotic diseases, 105; scarlatina, 7; diphtheria and croup, 14; typhoid fever, 20; whooping-cough, 5; erysipelas, 12; consumption, 127; pneumonia, 219: bronchitis, 51; other diseases of the respiratory organs, 37; diseases of the circulatory system, 85; Bright's disease and nephritis, 56; cancer, 26.

NEW HAMPSHIRE.-The State Board of Health Bulletin for April reports the work of the Food Laboratory, H. E. Barnard,

chemist:

Of 290 articles examined, 139 were adulterated, or varied from the legal standard. This is equivalent to an adulteration of 47.9 per cent. It must be remembered, however, that in collecting samples for analysis care was taken to collect articles of a suspicious character. Therefore the extent of adulteration of all food products is not shown by this figure, and is represented by a much smaller percentage. Apple juice, sweetened, colored, flavored, and preserved, finds ready sale in enormous quantities as raspberry, strawberry, and currant jellies and jams. A recent addition to this class of goods is a "pie filling," which is sold largely to the baker trade. It is similar to the imitation butters and jams in appearance and composition, and consists of a mixture of apple juice, starch, butter, eggs, glucose, and a small amount of pulp or grated rind of the fruit represented. This product is found on our markets labeled "Lemon Preserves," and is a typical illustration of misrepresentation.

Samples of "Orange Blossom Honey," guaranteed "strictly pure," and of "Pure Extracted Honey" have been found to consist entirely of glucose or corn sirup. One sample of "Pure California Honey," marked, "This sample contains a small amount of cane. sugar, added to prevent crystallization," contained nearly forty per cent. of cane sugar. Honey compounds purporting to contain from twenty-five to fifty per cent. of honey proved to be corn sirup in which a piece of extracted honeycomb was immersed.

"Maple Syrup."-If every farmer in New Hampshire owned a grove of maple trees and made each spring all the maple sugar and syrup possible, the amount produced would hardly equal the quantity sold each year as pure maple sugar or syrup. It is undoubtedly true that even in New Hampshire, a large producer of maple products, four-fifths of the sugar and syrup sold in our markets is wholly or in part fraudulent. An inspection of three maple syrup bottling houses in the city of Manchester which were producing large quantities of "pure maple syrup," showed that their product was a dilute cane syrup colored with caramel, to which about twenty per cent. of melted maple sugar had been added. Another manufacturer had dispensed with maple sugar entirely, and was branding a mixture of cane syrup and corn syrup as "Pure Maple Syrup." A sample of "Cream Maple Sugar" sell

ing for a high price as a superior article proved to be brown sugar and glucose.

"Jellies" and "Jams."-Of 128 samples of jellies and jams examined at the food laboratory of the State of Michigan during the past year but seven were free from adulteration; of 78 samples examined at the New Hampshire laboratory of hygiene 29 were pure and 49 adulterated.

The base of the imitation fruit jelly, jam, etc., is apple juice or apple pulp, obtained principally from the waste parings and cores of the apple drying or evaporated apple factory. These waste products are partially dried at the factory, packed in bales or barrels, and shipped to the manufacturer of fruit products at a very low cost. Upon arriving at the factory the stock is boiled for a time in open kettles and then placed in large, closed, copper kettles and heated by blowing with superheated steam until the clear apple juice drains out of the mass to the bottom of the kettle. It is then drawn off into tanks, and serves as stock for making all varieties of jellies and preserved fruits.

NEW JERSEY.-Hudson County (Jersey City and environs), 421,692. Report for year 1903: Deaths, 7,574-2,358 under 5 years; death rate, 18.0. Deaths from croup, 64; diphtheria, 167: measles, o; scarlet fever, 52; whooping-cough, 39; typhoid fever, 59; smallpox, 2; all zymotic diseases, 785; phthisis, 899; bronchitis, 160; pneumonia, 924; cancer, for last seven months, only 107; violence, including accidents and suicides, 471; railroad injuries, 106; still births, 615.

If the inhabitants of Hudson County had died in 1903 at the rate of mortality which prevailed from 1875 to 1896 (both inclusive) the period during which old supply Passaic water was used in Jersey City and some other parts of the county, there would have been 10,205 deaths, instead of 7,574, a saving of 2,631 lives in 1903. The average annual death rate of Hudson County from 1875 to 1896, both inclusive, was 24.2 per 1,000 living. In the years from 1897 to 1903, inclusive, the average annual death rate was 18.8 in Hudson County, an annual reduction of 5.4 deaths per 1,000 persons.

Another interesting fact is the very notable reduction in death. rate from typhoid fever in Jersey City since new water supply in 1896. In 1891, for example, the typhoid fever death rate was seven times as great as in 1903.

OHIO. Sanitary Bulletin, March-April, 1904. For the most part, proceedings of the fourteenth annual meeting of the State and Local Boards of Health, at Columbus, January 21 and 22, of practical interest to health authorities generally.

Cases of and deaths from infectious diseases reported to State Board of Health during 4 weeks, ended April 19, 1904, 60 places, with an aggregate population of 1,194,018: Croup and diphtheria, 216 cases, 24 deaths; scarlet fever, 113 cases, 4 deaths; typhoid fever, 353 cases, 79 deaths; whooping-cough, 21 cases, 2 deaths; measles, 1,138 cases, 17 deaths. Smallpox, 349 cases, 19 deaths. January 1, 1904, to April 9, in 160 places, 1,945 cases, 63 deaths.

Cleveland, 430,000.-Report for March: Deaths, 678-97 under 5 years; annual death rate, 18.91. Deaths from typhoid fever, 50; diphtheria and croup, 16; tubercle of lungs, 55; pneumonia, 73; broncho-pneumonia, 19; bronchitis, 18; cancer, 20; heart discases, 25; Bright's disease, 39; early infancy-congenital icterus, debility, etc.-48; senile debility, 29.

PENNSYLVANIA.-Philadelphia, 1,408,154. Report for week ended May 7: Deaths, 572-119 under 5 years; annual death rate, 21.15. Deaths from typhoid fever, 38; Bright's disease, 41; consumption, 86; diphtheria and croup, 9; measles, 3; scarlet fever, 3; diseases of the heart, 54; pneumonia, 66; broncho-pneumonia, 20; cancer, 17; smallpox, 5.

Report on contagious diseases, compared with that of the previous week:

Pittsburg, 354,000. Report for the week ended April 30: Deaths, 157-54 under 5 years; annual death rate, 23.06. Deaths from diphtheria and croup, 5; whooping-cough, 2; measles, 2; scarlet fever, 2; typhoid fever, 7; tuberculosis, 19; pneumonia, 20; cancer, 3.

PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.-Report of the operations of the Board of Health for the month of December, 1903: The most important

causes of mortality in the city of Manila during the month, with the number of deaths therefrom, were as follows:

Convulsions of children, 331; pulmonary tuberculosis, 73; eclampsia, nonpuerperal, 65; acute bronchitis, 56; chronic bronchitis, 37; beri-beri, 34; meningitis, 26; diarrhoea and enteritis, 23; congenital debility, 23; senile debility, 21; dysentery, 15; malarial fevers, 15; cardiac disease, 13; Asiatic cholera, II; typhoid fever, 10; acute nephritis, 6; pneumonia, 5; tetanus, 5; plague, 2; smallpox, 2.

Both cases of plague occurred in Filipinos, who were dead when found. The two deaths from smallpox occurred in Americans, a class in which this disease assumes an unusually severe type.

The deaths from cholera were reduced during the month to 11, there being a gratifying reduction from the 26 deaths from this cause in November, the 118 in October, and the 263 in September. It is confidently anticipated that with continuance of the present measures the infection of cholera will be practically eradicated from the city during the month of January.

Of the total deaths reported in the city during the month, 60.6 per cent. occurred in children who had not completed the first year of life. Of the total deaths occurring among the Filipino class of the population, 65.8 per cent. occurred among children less than 12 months of age.

RHODE ISLAND.-Newport, 23,000. Board of Health report for April: Total deaths, 28-2 under 5 years. Deaths from tubercle of the lungs, 2; general tuberculosis, I; organic heart diseases, 3; pneumonia, 7; cancer, 2; senile debility, 4; annual death rate, 14.61.

WASHINGTON.—Seattle, 135,000. Department of Health report for March: Total deaths, 110-23 under 5 years. Annual death rate, 9.72. Deaths from pulmonary tuberculosis, 11; scarlet fever, 3; diphtheria, 3; typhoid fever, 3; cancer, 4; organic heart diseases, 13; pneumonia, 10; broncho-pneumonia, 5; Bright's disease, 2; senility, 4.

WISCONSIN.-Milwaukee, 315.000. Report for March: Deaths, 439-156 under 5 years; annual death rate, 15.89. Deaths from typhoid fever, 5; diphtheria, 7; phthisis, 41; pneumonia and broncho-pneumonia, 74; bronchitis, 18; cancer, 21; organic heart dis