advantage of a lever, and alternations of more and lefs, are refpectively experienced. A horse of infe rior power, or of a medium kind, ought not, for the fame reason, to draw more than 1 cwt. otherwise the cattle are injured, or a proper day's work is not done. In my experiments, likewise, I find, that an additional weight to the plough is fimilar to the additional weight in one scale, when, before, the beam was on an equipoise; and a ploughman unneceffarily leaning on his plough makes it harder work for the horses, and they are much diftreffed in consequence of it. I calculate, by the Index Engine, that a perfon leaning on the plough, at the rate of cwt. is nearly equal in ploughing to half of the draft of a horfe. In determining this, I have fastened weights on each handle of the plough, where the hands are ufually placed, and according to the weights on the handles, fo is the effect on the draft of the horses. This ought to be well understood, and duly guarded against by all agriculturists; otherwife the lofs fustained by an unfkilful ploughman, in the management of his one plough only, I compute to be equal to half the expense of a horfe; and which, at the rate of 12s. per week, will amount to 311. 4s. per annum, befides the injury done to the cattle. Mr. Tugwell, in his improved plough, has provided a remedy in this cafe, by fixing the hinder part of his plough higher than is ufually done; fo that if the ploughman lean with an undue ftrefs on

it, it immediately lifts the point, and makes it mount above the ground. This plough, when properly made, performs well. I ufe feveral of the Beverftone, and one Southampton plough invented by Mr. Tickell; they are all light and good. For feveral years I used the heavy ploughs, where lighter ones would have answered equally well, and at much less expence. The first light plough I used was the Beverstone; but I had immediately to encounter the prejudices of my servants, and fome of my neighbours. I ftill however remained convinced of the correctness of its principle, and that the horses, in a heavy plough and on light foil, had an unneceffary weight to draw.

My convictions influenced me to expoftulate somewhat in this way. Does the schoolmafter ufe a carving knife to make his pen, and prefer it to one that is smaller and more appropriate? In other cafes, light work requires light inftruments. Why then not adopt the fame principle in aratrical procefs? Were I to compel a labourer to dig with a fpade that had on it a few pounds of unnecessary weight, I should be charged with cruelty; but dumb animals are frequently treated with more cruelty than this, by unneceffary toil, and fometimes by the owners forgetting that it is the character of " a merciful man to be merciful to his beast."

The number of horses to be used in all ploughs. muft, of course, depend on the nature of the foil; but

impartial examination will foon difcover the advantage of light ploughs in light foils, and which I compute to be full one-fourth; or that 9 horfes, in 3 light ploughs, in a light foil, are equal to 12 horfes, in 3 heavy ploughs, in the fame foil.

But it is neceffary for a good farmer to be both a man of judgment and practice, and to be well acquainted with the construction of his implements, and manner of using them; and ploughs require to be adjusted in all their different parts with the greatest regularity and precision. People in general are ufually prepoffeffed in favour of the customs and manners of their forefathers, and averfe to the adoption of any thing new; and this, connected with the defigns of ignorant and felf-interested mechanics, (fearing their profits will be leffened,) and who may have intentionally altered and fpoiled the original plans of the inventors, have doubtless, in frequent inftances, been the means of the public being impofed on, and many useful ploughs having been rejected

without a fair trial.

I remain, Sir,

Refpe&fully, your humble fervant,

C. GARRETT.

ARTICLE IX.

On Cultivating the White Poppy.

[By Mr. Box, Surgeon, Lavington.]

IN A LETTER то THE SECRETARY.

With a Specimen of the Oil.

A

SIR,

T the laft Annual Meeting of the Bath Agricultural Society, I was honoured with the premium for cultivating the white Poppy. When I gave the statement of my crop, I thought it perfectly confiftent with article 21ft in your Premium Book, as well as with article 28th in the 10th vol. of the Society's Papers; nor did I understand that the chief object of the Society, or that of Dr. Cogan in particular, was to afcertain the quantity of oil that could be obtained from a given quantity of land and feed under various circumstances, rather than, as stated in the Premium Book, "for cultivating the white Poppy," for which only I claimed the premium;

nor indeed did I understand it, until it was objected to the first premium being awarded me, because I did not alfo claim the fecond, and because I was in the habit of cultivating them too; which I candidly told you last year, and judged myself from that circumstance none the lefs capable of giving you the information required, nor the lefs entitled to be honoured with the premium. I have now no other motive for fending you the fpecimen of poppy oil which accompanies this, than that of promoting the object of the Society, and to furnish it with that particular information, of which my statement last year was fuppofed by the minority to be then defective.

You was last year informed that the quantity of feed per acre, if a good crop, would amount to about four facks, Winchester measure, each fack weighing nine fcore and 12 pounds. My crop this year does not exceed two facks per acre; therefore I will make the calculation on what may be confidered an average crop, fay three facks.

The feed I have now crushed and preffed, and have the pleasure of laying before you the refults of my experiments, as accurately as in my power to give them it is much more productive of oil than might a priori be expected, a quarter part of its weight being capable, by good management, of being converted into oil, without the use of hot plates for its expreffion. If teftimonials are defired, I can produce them from the most refpectable characters.