Music, vocal and instrumental, fashionable
Musonian, a minister of Constantius, ii.
314.
Mustapha, supposed son of Bajazet, vii. 192.
Muta. See Battles.
Muza the Saracen, reduces Northern Africa,
vi. 86. His conquest of Spain, vi. 96, His
disgrace, 100. His death, 101.
Muzalon, George, a favourite of Theodore
Lascaris, vii. 53. Is murdered, 54.
Mygdonius, river, the course of, stopped by
Sapor, at the siege of Nisibis, ii. 276.
Mythology, pagan, admitted the deities of
all idolatrous religions, i. 36. Could not
be associated by the Jews with the insti-
tutions of Moses, ii, 4.
Mythras, worship of, at Rome, ii. 145, note.
Nacolia. See Battles.
Nacoragan, a Persian general, iv. 488.
Nahar-malcha, a canal between the Eu-
phrates and Tigris, iii. 28.
Naissus, the Goths defeated there by Clau-
dius II., i. 357. Birth place of Constan-
tine, 473. Edict issued by him there,
512, note. Its manufactory of arms, iii.
344. Destroyed by Attila, 558. Claimed
by him, 565.
Naples, adorned by Theodoric, iv. 269. A
Grecian colony and elegant retreat of the
Romans, iv. 403. Taken by Belisarius,
404. Its dukes, v. 117. Recovered by
its duke Sergius, with the aid of the
Normans, vi. 304, and note. Origin of
its kingdom as a fief of the Holy See, 312.
Its extent marked by the conquests of
Robert Guiscard, 317. Conquered by
Charles of Anjou, vii. 69. Adorned by
monuments of art from Rome, 454.
Napoli di Romania, Nauplia, the ancient
seaport of Argos, vii. 7, and note.
Naphtha, a principal ingredient in the
Greek fire, vi. 124.
Narbonne, a Roman colony, gives its name
to a province of Gaul, i. 25. Is besieged
by Theodoric, and relieved by count Li-
torius, iv. 6. Is acquired by the Visigoths,
84. Is seized by the Arabs, vi. 128.
Narses, king of Persia, prevails over Hormuz,
and expels Tiridates from Armenia, i.
441. Overthrows Galerius, 443. Is sur-
prised and routed, 444. Peace between
him and the Romans, 447.
Narses, an ambassador from Sapor king of
Persia to the emperor Constantius, ii. 314.
Narses, three warriors of that name discri-
minated, v. 149, note.
Narses, the Persian, general of the emperor
Maurice, restores Chosroes II. king of
Persia, v. 149. His cruel death, 170.
Narses, the eunuch, his military promotion,
and dissension with Belisarius, iv. 424.
His character and expedition to Italy,
521. Battle of Tagina, 525. Takes Rome,
527. Reduces and kills Teias, the last
king of the Goths, 529. Defeats the
Franks and Allemanni, 533. Goverus
Italy in the capacity of exarch, 534. His
disgrace, and death, v. 102, 103.
Nations, or the Ditch, battle of, v. 498.
Natural children. See Children.
Naulobatus, a chief of the Heruli, in the
Roman service, is made consul, i. 337.
Nauplia. See Napoli.
Navigation of the Romans, i. 68.
Navy of the Roman empire i. 22. Of the
Greek empire, vi. 213. Of the Venetians,
539. Of the Catalans, vii, 74, 76, note.
Nazarene church at Jerusalem, ii. 10. Their
faith perhaps imperfect, 396.
Nazarius, the pagan orator, his account of
miraculous appearances in the sky in
favour of Constantine the Great, ii. 356.
Nazianzus, or Diocæsarea, the birth-place
and episcopal see of Gregory, iii. 223,
and note.
Neander, his History of Christianity; cha-
racter of councils, ii. 407, nole. His
account of the Meletians, 427, note. Of
the contest between Liberius and Da-
masus, 448, note. Of Julian's education,
505, note. Of Christian bishops and
Neo-Platonic philosophers, 513, note.
Of the influence of mothers on the edu-
cation and character of their sons, iii.
501, note. Of the origin of monachism,
iv. 109, note.
Nebridius, prætorian prefect in Gaul, as-
serts the rights of Coustantius, and is
saved by Julian from the angry soldiers,
ii. 478.
Nectarius, a senator, is chosen archbishop
of Constantinople, iii. 231.
Neged, the inland part of Yemen, v. 438.
Negra, or Najiran, in Arabia, Christians
there persecuted by Jews, iv. 494, and
note.
Negroes of Africa, their ignorance and
mental inferiority abused by other na-
tions, iii. 119.
Negus, Nagasch, or Najaschi, regal title in
Abyssinia, iv. 493, note.
Nehavend, battle of, vi. 16, and note.
Nemean games, the immunity of Argos for
their celebration, defended by the em-
peror Julian, ii. 499.
Nemesianus, Olympius, a Latin poet, with
whom Numerian contended, i. 418, notes.
Nennius, his History, iv. 213, note.
Nepos, Julius, is made emperor of the West
by Leo the Great, iv. 93. His abdication
and death, 94.
Nepotian, his brief reign and death, ii. 289.
Nepthalites, or White Huns. See Huns.
Nero, the last lineal successor of Augustus,
i. 98. In the first year of his reign, wished
to abolish taxes, 211. Persecuted the
Christians as the incendiaries of Rome,
ii. 102.
Nerva, emperor, his character, and prudent
adoption of Trajan, i. 100. His kindness
to the Christians, ii. 112.
Nestor, his History of Russia, vi. 275, and
notes.
Nestorians, their controversy hastened the
ruin of Christianity, iv. 155. Crushed
by the penal laws of the empire, v. 256.
Survived in Persia, 257. Their missions
in the East, 259. Now called Nasara, in
Kurdistan, 261, and note.
Nestorius, archbishop of Constantinople, his
character, v. 214. His heresy, 216. His
dispute with Cyril of Alexandria, 217. Is
condemned, and degraded from his epis-
copal dignity, 220. Is exiled, 225. His
death, 226.
Netherlands, more victims of persecution
there in a single reign, than in the
whole Roman empire in three centuries,
ii. 174. The mariner's compass probably
first introduced into Europe there, v.
117, note. Their emigrants first brought
the art of weaving into England, vi. 194,
note. Windmills probably invented
there, vii. 36, note.
Nevers, John de, son of the duke of Bur-
gundy, leads an expedition of young
French nobles against the Turks, vii. 152.
Is taken prisoner at Nicopolis, 153. Ran-
somed, 154.
Nevitta, Julian's general, ii. 479. One of
the tribunal at Chalcedon, 493. Ap-
pointed consul with Mamertinus. 497.
His operations in Assyria, iii. 16, 23, 44.
Newton, Sir Isaac, detected fraudulent in-
terpolations in the Scriptures, v. 207,
note. His calculation of the average
length of the reigns of sovereigns, 356.
Nice, a city of Bithynia, burnt by the
Goths, i. 331, 332. Valentinian elected
emperor there, iii. 64, 66. Metropolis of
the Seljukian kingdom, vi. 386. Con-
quered by the crusaders, 440. The em-
peror Alexius acquires possession of it,
441. The Greek empire revived there
by Theodore Lascaris, vii. 10. Taken by
Orchan, 141. By Mirza Mehemmed,
Timour's grandson, 179. See Councils.
Nicephorium, or Callinicum, a city on the
Euphrates, iii. 14. See Callinicum.
Nicephorus I., son of Artavasdus, v. 301,
Nicephorus II. (or I.) deposes Irene, and
makes himself emperor, v. 307. Rebellion
of Bardanes, 308. His transactions with
Charlemagne, 416. His wars with Harun
al Rashid, vi. 153. Defeated and slain by
the Bulgarians, 260.
Nicephorus III. (or II.) Phocas, his services
against the Saracens, v. 325. Marries
Theophano, widow of Romanus II,, and
obtains the throne, 326. Assassinated
by Zimisces, 328. His victories while
emperor, vi. 186. His reception of Otho's
ambassador Luitprand, 185, 204.
Nicephorus IV. (or III.) Botaniates, rebels
against Michael VII,, v. 337. Assisted by
the Turks, becomes emperor, 338; vi. 385.
Deposed by Alexius Comnenus, v. 339.
Nicephorus, Briennius, revolts at the same
time as Botaniates, and is superseded
by him, v. 337.
Nicephorus, son of Constantine Coprony-
mus, his fate, v. 303, 304.
Nicephorus Callistus, his account of the
equestrian statue of Constantine, iii. 58,
note. His legend of the martyrdom of
Arethas, iv. 494, note.
Nicephorus, patriarch of Constantinople, his
Chronicle, v. 169, note.
Nicephorus, Gregoras, his History, vii. 49,
note. His inedited MS., 103, note.
Nicetas, assists the rebellion of Heraclius,
v. 167.
Nicetas, Choniates, Byzantine senator, and
historian, vi. 568. His own adventures,
569. Desolation of the city by the
Latins, 570, and note.
Nicetius, bishop of Treves, v. 249, and note.
Nicholas, patriarch of Constantinople, op-
poses the fourth marriage of the empe
ror Leo the philosopher, v. 322.
Nicholas I., pope; Photius and Ignatius
refer their claims to him, vi. 526.
Nicholas II., pope, his alliance with Robert
Guiscard, vi. 316.
Nicholas III., pope, his secret treaty with
Peter, king of Aragon, vii. 73. Obliged
Charles of Anjou to abdicate the govern-
ment of Rome, 366.
Nicholas IV., pope, partial to the Colonna
family, vii. 387.
Nicholas V. pope, his fame not adequate
to his merits, vii. 255. His encourage
ment of learning, 256. His example not
imitated by his successors, 259, note.
His compassion for Constantinople tardy,
301. His peaceful reign and reception of
Frederic III., 430.
Nicholas III. of Este, lord of Ferrara, vii,
231, note.
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Nicomedia burnt by the Goths, i. 331, 332.
Embellished and made the seat of em-
pire by Diocletian, 452. Rapid flight
of Maximus from Heraclea, 504. Licinius
retires there after the battle of Chryso-
polis, 524. Its church destroyed by
Diocletian, ii. 151. His edict published
there, and his palace twice on fire, 153.
Residence of Julian, 505, note. Reco-
vered by Alexius from the Seljukians, vi.
386. Taken by Orchan, vii. 141.
Nicopolis, now Prevesa, founded by Au-
gustus, restored by Julian, ii. 499, note.
Part of the estate of Jerome's friend,
Paula, iii. 403, note.
Nicopolis, now Nicop, or Nikub, built by
Trajan, near the Danube, besieged by
the Goths in the time of Decius, i. 812,
and note. See Battles.
Niebuhr, the traveller, his description o.
Arabia the most authentic, v. 445, note.
Disproves the fable respecting Meriaba,
442, note. His character of the language
of Arabia, 452, note.
Niebuhr, the historian, his Lectures contain
his latest views of Roman history, v. 75,
note. He retracts in them his former
opinion on the Twelve Tables, 7, note.
On the "fonus unciarium," 75, note.
On the Law of Debtor, 80, note. Ex-
plains the Roman penal law, iv. 186,
note. His account of the ancient temple
of Janus, 413, note. Of the Perpetual
Edict, v. 18, note. Of Roman reluctance
to marriage, 55, note. Of the "Jus
Agrarium," 63, note.
Niger, Pescennius, assumes the purple, i.
143. Is defeated by Severus, 151. Killed,
Nika, sedition of the circus, iv. 305.
Nile, its importance to Egypt, i. 32. Im-
provement in its navigation by Probus,
407. Its inundations, ii. 286, 290, and
note. The time of its rise, vi. 57, note.
United to the Red Sea by a canal, 68,
and note. Its flood caused the defeat of
the fifth crusade, 510. Discovery of its
statue at Rome, vii. 467.
Nineveh. See Battles.
Niaus, his era, i. 243, note.
Nisibis, taken by Sapor, i. 337. Meeting of
Diocletian and Galerius, and reception of
Peace
the Persian ambassador, 445.
concluded there, 447. Sustains three
sieges, and resists Sapor II., ii. 275.
Surrendered to the Persians by Jovian,
iii. 48. He transports its inhabitants to
Amida, 54. Attempt of the Romans to
recover it, iii. 520. Its walls levelled by
the Saracens, vi. 53.
Nitria, Valens sends an armed force against
its monasteries, iii. 88. Peopled by
monks, iv. 110.
Nizam, the Persian vizir, his illustrious cha-
racter, and unhappy fate, vi. 382.
Noah, superstructure of fable raised on his
ark, i. 276. One of Mahomet's prophets,
v. 471.
Nobata. See Nubians.
Nobilissimus, a title invented by Constan-
tine, ii, 256.
Noga, rebels against the khan of Kipzak,
Nogaret, William of, his attack on pope
Boniface VIII., vii. 379.
Nogent, a Benedictine abbey, near which
Človis defeated Syagrius, iv. 161, note.
Nola, in Campania, the episcopal retreat of
Paulinus, iii. 449. Bells first introduced
into the church there by him, vi. 25,
note.
Nonnosus, Justinian's ambassador to Abys-
synia, iv. 495.
Noricum described, i. 27.
Normans, their first incursions, v. 413.
Their settlement in France, vi. 301. In-
troduction into Italy, 302, and note.
They serve in Sicily, 305. Conquer Apu-
lia, 306. Their character, 308. Take
pope Leo IX. prisoner, and enter into a
treaty with him, 312. With Nicholas II.,
316. Conquer Sicily, 321. Their wars
with the Greek empire, 324, 338. Lose
Apulia and Calabria, 348. Are finally
lost among the people whom they van-
quished, 357. The duchy of Normandy
mortgaged by duke Robert, 421.
Notaras, Lucas, his character drawn by
Phranza, vii. 287. His fate at the capture
of Constantinople, 330.
Notitia Dignitatum Imperii, a court ca
lendar, ii. 186, note.
Notoria, official information periodically
conveyed to the emperors from the pro-
vinces, i. 353, note.
Noureddin, sultan, his exalted character, vi.
487. His death, 493.
Novatians exempted by Constantine's edict,
from the penalties of heresy, ii. 388. Per-
secuted by Macedonius, 452.
Novels of Justinian, v. 43.
philosopher, vi. 182, note.
Novogorod, its early importance, vi. 279.
Nubians, or Nobatæ, Diocletian's treaty
with them, i. 436. Or Blennyes, in-
vade the prison of Nestorius, v. 226.
Their conversion to Christianity, 277.
Their present state, ib. note.
Numerals, Arabic, or ciphers, their inven-
tion, vi. 118.
Numerian, son of Carus, succeeds his
father with his brother Carinus, i. 412.
His character, 418. His death, 419.
Numidia, its extent at different periods,
i. 33. Its mines, places of banishment
for Christians, ii. 118, note.
Nushirvan. See Chosroes I.
Nushizad, son of Nushirvan, iv. 467, note.
Nymphæum, an imperial palace near
Smyrna, vii. 59, and note.
Oak, Synod of the. See Councils.
Oasis, in the deserts of Libya, iii. 489, note.
Nestorius banished there, v. 235, note.
Oath of the legious, i. 11. By the head of
the emperor, iii. 432, and note.
Obedience, passive, a Christian doctrine, ii.
345. Not adopted by Protestants, 346.
Obeidollah, governor of Cufa, suppresses
the insurrection of Hosein, v. 528.
Obelisks, Egyptian, the purpose of their
That of Heliopolis
erection, ii. 309.
removed to Rome by Constantius, 310.
Oblations to the church, origin of, ii. 59.
Obligations, human, the sources of, v. 71.
Laws of the Romans respecting, 72.
Ockley, his History of the Saracens and
ill-requited labours, vi. 22, note; 117,
Octai succeeds his father Zingis, as great
Khan, vii. 124. Turns his arms against
the West, 128. Changes his tent for a
house, 133.
"Octavia," an unfavourable specimen of
Roman tragedy, iii. 420, note.
Octavian. See John XII., pope.
Octavianus. See Augustus.
Octavius, C., father of Augustus, i. 93,
Odenathus, the Palmyrene, his successful
opposition to Sapor, i. 340. Is associated
in the empire by Gallienus, 345. Is as-
sassinated, 373. Succeeded by his widow
Zenobia, ib.
Odeum of Athens, restored by Herodes
Atticus, i. 61, and note.
Odin, the long reign of his family in Sweden,
i. 284, note. His history, 305, vii. 451.
Odoacer the first Barbarian king of Italy, iv.
96. His character and reign, 102. Re-
signs all the Roman conquests beyond
the Alps to Euric the Visigoth, 157. Is
reduced and killed by Theodoric the Os-
trogoth, 253.
Oenaria, or Ischia, Genoese alum-works
there, vii. 195, and note.
Officers. See Military.
Oghusian Tartars, progenitors of the Otto-
mans, vii. 187, note.
Ogors, or Varchonites, a tribe conquered by
the Turks, iv. 454.
Ohud. See Battles.
Oil, indispensable to the ancients; quantity
supplied by Africa for Rome, iii. 418.
Olga, princess of Russia, her baptism, vi. 289.
Olive, introduced into the West, i. 70.
Olybrius is raised to the Western empire by
count Ricimer, iv. 91. His death, 93.
Olympia, an Armenian princess, iii. 120.
Olympic games, still celebrated in the time
of Julian, ii. 499. Those of Antioch, 546,
note. Compared with the tournaments
of the middle ages, vi. 426.
Olympiodorus, his account of the city of
Rome, iii. 402. Of the marriage of Adol-
phus with Placidia, 455.
Olympius, the Alexandrian philosopher, de-
feuds the temple of Serapis, iii. 287.
Olympius, prejudices the emperor Honorius
against Stilicho, iii. 385. Causes Stilicho
to be put to death, 387. His disgrace
and ignominious death, 430.
Oman, a maritime district of Arabia, oppo-
site to Persia, v. 438.
Omar, his conversion to Islamism, v. 486.
Nominates Abu Beker to succeed Ma-
homet, v. 518. Becomes caliph, 519.
Makes Moawiyah governor of Syria, 526.
His frugality, economy, and liberality,
vi. 5. Conquests of the Saracens during
his reign, 7. His journey to conclude
the capitulation of Jerusalem, 45.
Omar II., Ben Abdalaziz, conducts the
second siege of Constantinople, vi. 121.
Ommiyah, the family raised to the caliphate
by Moawiyah, v. 526. Character of its
succeeding princes, vi. 6. Reduction of
their power, 117. Their unpopularity, 133.
Massacred by Abul Abbas, 136. Pre-
servation of their dynasty in Spain, 187.
Onagri, or wild-asses, i. 415, note. Military
engines so called, iv. 411.
Onegesius, Attila's favourite, iii.
Optatus, a patrician, massacred with the
Constantine family, ii. 268.
Oracles, heathen, attempts to revive their
credit, ii. 145, and note. Silenced by
Constantine, 458.
Orchan, emir of the Ottomans, vii. 140. Con-
quers Bithynia and builds a fleet, 143.
Marries the daughter of the emperor
Cantacuzene, 145. His death, 147.
Ordination of the clergy in the early ages of
the church, ii. 370.
Orestes, a Pannonian, ambassador from
Attila to Theodosius the Younger, iii. 569.
His promotion under the Western empe
rors, iv. 95. His son Augustulus, the
last emperor of the West, 95.
Orestes, prætor of Egypt, is insulted by a
monkish mob in Alexandria, v. 212.
Orfa. See Edessa.
Oribasius, a friend to whom Julian confided
the secret of his conversion, ii. 517, note.
Oriflamme, the French standard, vi. 480,
and note.
Origen employed the Platonic philosophy
in making converts to Christianity, ii.
81, note. Declares the number of pri-
mitive martyrs to be very inconsiderable,
119. His conference with Mamaa, 137.
His memory persecuted, and his works
condemned as heretical by the emperor
Justinian and his clergy, v. 247.
Orlando, Rolando, or Rutland, slain in the
Pyrenees, v. 405, note.
Orleans besieged by Attila, and relieved by
Etius and Theodoric, iv. 16. Sigismund,
last king of Burgundy, and his family
massacred there, 173.
Ormia, or Ouroomia, the ancient Thebarma,
v. 184, and note.
Ormusd, the principle of good in Zoroaster's
theology, i. 254.
Ormuz supplied the Romans with pearls,
i. 73, note. Made tributary to Timour,
vii. 165. Its history, ib., note.
Orosius, the friend of Augustin, his account
of the invasion of Radagaisus, iii. 369,
870, notes. Of the letters addressed to
Honorius by the Gothic chiefs in Spain,
471, note.
Orthogrul, leader of the Oghusian Tartars
from whom the Ottomans descend, vii.
137, note, 138.
Ortok, a Turkman chief, vi. 395.
Osimo, capitulates to Belisarius, iv. 428.
Osiris. See Isis.
Osius, bishop of Cordova, his influence with
Constantine, ii. 359. Prevails on him to
ratify the Nicene creed, 417. Is with
difficulty induced to concur in deposing
Athanasius, 438.
Osman. See Othman.
Osrhoene, conquered by Trajan, i. 7. See
Edessa, and Mesopotamia.
Osset, or Julia Constantia, its baptismal
fonts, iv. 151 and note.
Ossian, the imagery of his poems uniformly
Caledonian, i. 6, note. His supposed
allusion to the wars of Severus in Britain,
165, and note. Is said to have disputed
with a Christian missionary, ii. 78, note.
Ostia, its port formed by the emperor Clau-
dius, i. 68. Described, iii. 433, and note.
Its capture by Alaric, 434. Defeat of the
Saracens by pope Leo IV., and a Neapo-
litan fleet, vi. 160. Its present vacant
and desolate state, vii. 373. The plunder
of a wreck there punished by Rienzi, 405,
and note.
Ostrogoths. See Goths.
Otas, an Armenian satrap, i. 440.
Othman, the Koran revised by him, v. 474.
Third caliph, 520. Betrayed by his secre-
tary, Merwan, 521. Murdered, 522. Am-
rou recalled by him from Egypt, vi. 55.
Abdallah appointed by him to command
the first expedition into Western Africa.
72.
Othman, or Osman (the bone-breaker), gave
his name to the Ottomans, vii. 137, note.
His first invasion of the territory of Ni-
comedia, 138. His glory achieved by his
descendants, 139. Character of his
troops, 140. His attack on Rhodes, 142,
and note.
Ottomans, their origin, 187, note; 188.
Beginning of their empire, 140. Its
present state, ib., note. Pass into Eu-
rope, 144. Their permanent establish-
ment there, 146. Recover from their
defeat at Angora, 191. Re-union of their
empire by Mahomet I., 194. Personal
qualities of their princes, 199. Their
obscure origin, 200. Their training,
Ovid, compelled at Tomi to learn the Gothic
language, confounds it with the Sarma-
tian, i. 47, note. His exile, 109, note.
Exaggerated account of his sufferings,
and confused description of the people
among whom he lived, ii. 261, note.
Oxford, saved from being made a Maho-
metan school, vi. 130, and note. Number
of students there in the fourteenth and
fifteenth centuries, vii. 243, note. Its
first teachers of Greek, 257, note.
Otho I., king of Germany, enlarges the
limits of his States, v. 415. His trans-
actions with the Eastern empire, 418.
Obtains the right of nominating the
Roman pontiff, 419. Is crowned emperor
by pope John XII., 423. Deposes him,
421, 423. His embassy of Luitprand to
Constantinople, vi. 188, 210. Defeats
the Hungarians at Augsburg, 272. Cam-
paign in Calabria against the Greeks, 297.
Otho II. marries Theophano, or Theopha-
nia, daughter of Romanus II., v. 326;
vi. 210. Accused of a perfidious slaughter
of Roman nobles, v. 423, and note. De-
feated by the Greeks and Saracens at
Crotona (Basientello), vi. 297.
Otho III. designs to fix his seat of empire
in Italy, v. 424. His adventures in Rome
and death, ib.
Otho of Frisingen, assists in appeasing the
public indignation against Bernard after
the failure of the second crusade, vi. 486,
note. His Chronicle of his times, vii.
367, note.
Oxus, or Jihoon, colony planted on its
banks by Alexander, iv. 458, note. Its
navigation for the purposes of commerce,
476; vii. 167, note. Crossed by the
victorious Saracens, vi. 72. Passed and
repassed by Zingis, vii. 123. Timour's
early adventures in its regions, 163. The
country on its northern side (Trans-
oxiana), called Maveralnaher, or "that
which is beyond the river," 166, nole.
Oxyrinchus, in Egypt, noted for its super-
stition, iv. 111.
Otho de la Roche, Great Duke of Athens
and Thebes, vii. 80.
Otranto, taken and sacked by the Turks,
vii. 336.
Otrar taken by Zingis, vii. 122. Timour
dies there, 188.
Pacatus, his encomium on the emperor
Theodosius the Great, iii. 250.
Pachomius and his monks occupy the island
of Tabenne, iv. 110.
Pacta, or simple agreements, their validity,
v. 72, and note.
Pæderasty, how punished by the Scatinian
law, v. 85. By Justinian, 87.
Patus, Elius, his Tripartite, the oldest
Roman work on Jurisprudence, v. 25.
Pagan, derivation and revolutions of the
term, ii. 461, note.
Paganism, its ruin suspended by the divi-
sions among the Christians, ii. 461. Sys-
tem of the emperor Julian, 512.
its early hierarchy and jurisdiction,
iii. 272. Renounced by the Roman se-
nate, 279. Sacrifices prohibited, 281,
Temples demolished, 282. Its holiday
character, 291, note. Its ruin deplored
by the sophists, 297. Pagan ceremonies
revived in Christian churches, 302. A
secret remnant discovered and persecuted
by Justinian, v. 244. Imputed to the
classic enthusiasts of the fifteenth cen-
tury, vii. 258, and note. See Polytheism.
Painting combined with sculpture to adorn
the edifices of antiquity, i. 62. Better
cultivated than learning, by the Italians
of the sixth century, v. 131. Historical,
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