a division of his army, v. 186. Defeats
the Persians, 188.

Theodorus, executed at Antioch, by Valens,
on a charge of magic, iii. 76, note.
Theodosian code. See Code.
Theodosiopolis, its foundation, iii. 521.
Theodosius, father of the emperor, is sent
by Valentinian into Britain, iii. 111. Re-
stores the security of the province, 112.
Defeats the Allemanni, 113. Suppresses
the revolt of Firmus in Africa, 116. Is
beheaded, 117.

Theodosius I., the Great, represented by
Claudian as giving judicious advice to
his son, ii. 244, note. Supposed magical
prediction of his future greatness, iii. 76,
note. Duke of the frontier, protects
Masia from invasion, 132. Withdrew to
his estate in Spain on the death of his
father, 195. Is called from his retirement
by Gratian, and invested with the purple,
196. His successful conduct of the
Gothic war, 199. Submission of the
Goths, 201. Is visited by Athanaric, 22.
Defeats the Ostrogoths, 203. Concludes
a treaty with Maximus, 218. His theolo-
gical training, 219. Banishes Demophilus
the Arian archbishop of Constantinople,
225. Appoints Gregory of Nazianzus in
his place, 226. Convenes a council to
establish the Nicene faith, 227. Issues
severe edicts against hereties, 231. Dis-
qualifies them for public offices, 233.
Institutes inquisitors of the faith, ib.
Meets Valentinian II, with his mother
and sister, at Thessalonica, 244. Marries
Galla, and decides to make war against
Maximus, 245. Defeats him and restores
the empire of the West to Valentinian,
247. His virtues, 248. His faults, 250.
His clemency to the citizens of Antioch,
253. His barbarous treatment of Thes-
salonica, 255. His repentance and pe-
nance, 259. His superstitious embassy
to consult the oracular monk, John of
Licopolis, 265. War with Eugenius, 266.
Defeat and death of the usurper, 268.
Theodosius divides the empire between
his sons, 269. Expires at Milan, 270.
The senate of Rome induced by him to
vote the abolition of paganism, 279. Hea-
then sacrifices prohibited, 281. Temples
closed and destroyed, 283. His last
edict against paganism, 292. Men of
genius, though pagans, tolerated and
patronized by him, 295. His elevation
of Rufinus, 309. His appointment of
Stilicho as guardian of his sons, 319. His
descendants, iv 93.

Theodosius II., the fortifications of Con-
stantinople improved during his reign,
ii. 186, and note. His atonement for the
wrongs of Chrysostom, iii. 508. His birth,
509. Said to have been placed by his
father's will, under the guardianship of
Jezdegerd, 510. Educated by his sister

Pulcheria, 514. Marries Eudocia, 517.
Celebrates the defeat of the usurper John,
526. Pays tribute to the Huns, 549.
Concludes an ignominious treaty with
Attila, 565. Plots his assassination, 578.
Is killed by a fall from his horse, 580.
The part taken by him, in the dispute
between Cyril and Nestorius, v. 222. The
disuse of Latin at Constantinople began
in his reign, vi. 225, note.
Theodosius III., his brief reign, v. 299. An
officer of the revenue, raised by the mu
tinous Obsequian Legion to the throne,
and deposed by Leo the Isaurian, vi.
120.

Theodosius, son of the emperor Maurice, is
sent by him to Persia, v. 162. Inter.
cepted and beheaded, 165. Said by the
Persians to have escaped and become a
monk, 170, note.

Theodosius, his adventures with Antonina,
iv. 434. His death, 437.
Theodosius, son of Constantine III., mur-
dered by his brother Constans II., v.

292.

Theodosius, a deacon of Syracuse, mal.
treated by the Saracens, vi. 157.
Theodosius, his contest for the patriarchate

of Alexandria, v. 272. His death, 274."
Theodotus, of Hierapolis, his request to
Constantius, ii. 484. Pardoned by Julian,
ib., note.

Theophanes, his Chronicle, v. 169, note.
Hís errors, vi. 28, note; 45, note.
Theophano, wife of Leo the Armenian, saves
the life of Michael, v. 309.
Theophano, wife of Romanus II., her origin,
v. 325; vi. 210. Poisons her husband
and his father, v. 326. Raises Nicephorus
Phocas to the throne, and consents to
his murder, 327. Makes Zimisces em-
peror, and is banished by him, 328.
Theophano, or Theophania, daughter of

Romanus II., marries Otho II., emperor
of the West, v. 326; vi. 210.
Theophilus succeeds his father, Michael
II, as emperor of the East, v. 311. His
cruel treatment of Theophobus, 313. His
marriage with Theodora, 314. The last
and most cruel of the Iconoclasts, 398.
Attacks the Saracens, and destroys Sozo-
petra, vi. 162. Defeated by Motassem,
who in revenge destroys Amorium, 164.
Theophilus, consular of Syria, killed at
Antioch, ii. 297.

Theophilus, a native of India, his embassy
from Constantius to Arabia, ii. 306, and

Theophilus, his Paraphrase of the Insti-
tutes, and favour with Justinian, v. 20,
and note. One of the original triumvirs,
vi. 226, note.

Theophobus, a Persian prince, murdered by
Theophilus, v. 313.

Theophylact, Simocatta, his mournful his-
tory of the emperor Maurice, v. 164,
and note.

Theophylactus, son of the emperor Michael
I. v. 308, note.

Therapeuta, or Essenians, a Jewish sect,
ii. 73, and note.

Therma of Diocletian, i. 477, note. See
Baths.

Thermantia, daughter of Stilicho, married

to Honorius on the death of her sister
Maria, and divorced, iii. 388.
Thermopyla, the narrow pass abandoned to
Alaric, by the proconsul Antiochus, iii.
336. Fortified by Justinian, iv. 339.
Passed by the Slavonians, 449. Pene-
trated by Boniface of Montferrat, vii. 7.
Thessalonica, besieged by the Goths, i. 356.
Prisca and Valeria murdered there, 507.
Rendezvous of Constantine's army against
Licinius, 517. Meeting and marriage of
Theodosius with Galla, iii. 244. Sedition
of its inhabitants and massacre of them
by his order, 254. Alaric supplied with
arms from its magazines, 344. Sacked
by the Sicilian Normans, v. 354; vi. 352.
Gives its name (Saloniki) to the Latin
kingdom, erected for Boniface of Mont-
ferrat, viii. 5, note; 7. His son Deme-
trius expelled by Theodore Angelus, 23.
Sold by Andronicus Palæologus to the
Venetians, and finally conquered by the
Turks, 222. See Sieges.

Theudelinda, a Bavarian princess, marries
Autharis, king of Lombardy, v. 124. On
his death, is allowed to bestow the sceptre
and her hand on Agilulf, 125.
Theudes, guardian of Amalarich, becomes
king of Spain; his doubtful policy to-
wards the Vandals; besieges Ceuta, iv,
392. His death, 393, and note.
Theurgy, a mystery of the Neo-Platonists,
ii. 514, note; 515.

Thibaut, or Theobald, count of Champagne,
foremost in the fourth crusade, vi. 536.
Chosen general and dies, 542.
Thilutha, an impregnable fortress in Meso-
potamia, iii. 18.

Thomas, St., planted a church in India, v.

261, and note. It is persecuted by the Por-
tuguese, 262. His shrine visited by the
ambassadors of Alfred, ib. and note.. His
gospel afforded materials for the Koran,
472, note.

Thomas, a valiant defender of Damascus, vi.
31. Checked by Caled, 32. Goes into
voluntary exile, 34.

Thomas, the Cappadocian, a principal officer
of the rebel Bardanes, v. 308. Falls in
an attempt to dethrone Michael II., 311.

Thor, a cave near Mecca, in which Mahomet
and Abu Beker concealed themselves, v.
488.

Thrace, its martial population, i. 28. Inva-
ded by the Goths, 312, 358. Colonized
with Bastarnæ, and other Barbarians, by
Probus, 404. Left by Constantine to
Licinius in their treaty, 511. Ravaged
by the Goths, ii. 174. Gold mines of
Pangaeus, 175, note. Settlement of the
Visigoths by Theodosius, 205. Included
in the Eastern empire, 307. Abandoned
by Alaric, 335. Occupied by Theodoric
and the Ostrogoths, iv. 248. Plundered
by the Slavoniaus, 449. By the Bulga
rians, 537. Passage of Godfrey and the
first crusaders, vi. 428. Part of the
crown lands of the Latin empire, vii. 4,
note. Revolts, 14. Or Romania, occupied
by the Turks, 147.

Thrasea Pætus, slain by Nero; his virtues,
i. 171, note.

Thrasea Priscus, put to death by Caracalla,
i. 171, and note.

Thrasimund, the most accomplished of the
Vandal kings in Africa, iv. 139.
Three Chapters. See Chapters.
Thundering Legion, its fabulous miracle,
ii. 134, and note.

Thuringia, included in Attila's supposed
empire, iii. 554. Charge of cruelty
against its people, iv. 25. The ancient
Gothic tribe of the Thervingi, ib., note.
Residence of Childeric, father of Clovis,
159. The Varini and Angli, two of its
tribes, 226, note. Conquered by Charle-
magne, v. 410.

Thyatira, its church, one of the seven in the
Apocalyse, not founded in the time of St.
John, ii. 71, and note. Gainas and Tribi-
gild unite their forces there, iii. 496. Its
present state, vii. 142. See Battles.
Thysdrus, the Gordians proclaimed, i. 222,
and note.
Tiber, its havens, i. 68.
gation, iii. 434, note.
by Belisarius in its current, iv. 416. In-
undations, vii. 448, and note.
Tiberias, the Jews permitted to have a pa-
triarch and synagogue there, ii. 531, and
note. See Sieges.

State of its navi-
Mills constructed

Tiberius, adopted by Augustus, i. 98. His
titles and dignities, ib. note. His cha-
racter, 106. Disguised his murders by
the forms of justice, 108. His Pannonian
war, 144. Temporary diminution of the
excise on his reduction of Cappadocia,
209, note. His fabulous edict in favour
of the Christians, ii. 133.

Tiberius II., created Cæsar and Augustus
by Justin II. v. 109. His reign, 111. As-
sumed the name of Constantine, 112. His
death, 113. His Persian war, 139.
Tiberius. See Apsimar.
Tibur, or Tivoli. See Sieges.
Ticinum. See Pavia.

Tigris, descended in triumph by Trajan,
1. 7. Five provinces beyond it ceded to
the Romans, 448. Crossed by Julian, iii.
28. By Heraclius, v. 185. Its junction
with the Euphrates, vi. 13. Repassed by
the Saracens, 16.
Til, or Tula, a river of Tartary, iv. 454.
Tillemont, the diligence manifested in his
Life of St. Augustin, iii. 537, note. His
account of the earthquake at Constan-
tinople, 560, note. Merits of his Ecclesi-
astical Memoirs, v. 241. note.

Timasius, persecuted by the eunuch Eutro-
pius, iii. 488.

Timavus, a river near Aquileia, i. 234, note.
Timolaus, son of Odenathus and Zenobia, i.
374, note.

Timothy, surnamed Ailurus, or the Cat,
whispered himself into the patriarchate
of Alexandria, v. 235, note.

Timour, or Tamerlane, compared with At-
tila, iii. 561. His autobiography, vii.
159, and notes. His birth, 161, and notes.
His early adventures, 163. His con-
quests, 164. His war with Bajazet, 171.
Invades Syria, 173. Battle of Angora,
177. Term of his conquests, 185. Tri-
umph at Samarcand, 187. Death, 188.
Breaking-up of his empire, 191.
Tingi or Tangier. See Sieges.
Tingitana, a Roman province in Maurita-
nia, now the kingdom of Fez, i. 33; its
condition and produce under the Ro-
mans, vi. 78, and note.

Tipasa, alleged miracle there, iv. 147.
Tiridates, saved when the Persians con-
quered Armenia, i. 337. Protected and
educated by the Roman emperors, 438.
Restored to his throne, 439. Again ex-
pelled, 442. Restored by the victory of
Galerius over Narses, 449. His con-
version to Christianity and death, ii. 272.
Tithes instituted by Moses and Zoroaster,
i. 258, note. Charlemagne their first
legal author, v. 407, note.

Tities, the Sabine tribe among the Roman
nobility, iii. 273, note.

Titus, associated by his father in the full
powers of the imperial dignity, i. 98.
Destroyed the temple of Jerusalem, ii.
532, 538, note. Compelled by popular
prejudice to dismiss Berenice, vi. 207.
Tobolskoy, a Mongol colony, vii. 132.
Togrul Beg, grandson of Seljuk, elected
sultan, vi. 367. His character and con-
quests, 368. His death, 370.
Tolbiac. See Battles.

Toledo. See Councils and Sieges.
Toleration, universal, its happy influence
in the Roman empire, i. 36. Said to be
the least practised by the most refined
and philosophical sects, 259, note. Pro-
claimed by Galerius, ii. 164. By Jovian,
iii. 61.

Tongres. See Sieges.

Tongues, alleged miraculous gift of, in the
primitive church, ii. 36, and note.
Tonsure, circular, a type of the crown of
thorns, vi. 23, note.
Topa. See Sienpi.

Topirus, slaughter of its inhabitants by the
Slavonians, iv. 450, and note.

Torismond, son of Theodoric I., king of
the Visigoths, supports Attila at Chalons,
iv. 18, 21. Is acknowledged king on his
father's death, 24. Assassinated by his
brother Theodoric, 51.
Torture. See Question.

Totila, elected by the Ostrogoths king of
Italy, iv. 503. His rapid success, 504.
His proper name Badvila, 505, note. His
virtues, 506. Takes Rome, 511, 518.
His conquests in Sicily, Sardinia, and
Greece, 519. Loses his maritime acqui-
sitions and his fleet, 521. Defeated at
Tagina by Narses, and slain, 526.
Toucush, brother of Malek Shah, takes
Syria and Palestine from Atsiz, vi. 394.
Toulouse, capital of the Visigothic kingdom
of Aquitain, iii. 473; iv. 24. See Sieges.
Toulun, chagan and legislator of the

Geougen, conquers Tartary, iii. 362.
Toulunides, Saracen dynasty, vi. 173.
Tourun Shah, the last of the race of
Noureddin, slain by his Mamalukes, vi..
518.

Tournaments preferable to the Olympic
games, vi. 423.

Tours, Clovis, on his march, consults the

shrine of St. Martin, iv. 175. See Battles,
Gregory, and Martin.

Towers of the Roman nobles destroyed by
Brancaleone, vii. 365. Had been con-
structed out of the remains of antiquity,
458.

Toxandria. See Franks.

Toxotius. See Paula.

Trade, foreign, of the Romans. See Com-
merce and Silver.

Traditors, epithet of those who complied
with Diocletian's edict for giving up their
copies of the Scriptures, ii. 155.
Trajan subdues Dacia, i. 6. His Eastern
conquests, and navigation of the Persian
Gulf, 7. His public works, 59, 62. His
adoption by Nerva, and appointment
of Hadrian as his successor, 100. Nico-
polis on the Jatrus built by him, 312.
Declined to be appointed censor, 314,
note. The most elegant figures trans-
ferred from his arch to adorn that of
Constantine, 501. His instructions to
Pliny respecting the Christians, ii. 113.
Description of his bridge over the Danube,
iv. 337, and note.

Trajan, count, serves under Valens in the

Persian war, iii. 121. Is employed by him
to murder Para, prince of Armenia, 124.
His lieutenant in the Gothic war, 177.
Endeavours to save him in the battle of
Hadrianople, 186.

Transoxiana, the Sogdiana of the ancients,
conquered by the Arabs, vi. 20. By
Zingis, vii. 123. The realm of Timour,
160. Invaded by the Getes, 161. Their
expulsion, 163. Its name Maveralnaher,
166, note. See Sogdiana.

Transubstantiation. See Selden. The esta-
blishment of the doctrine a most signal
triumph over sense, vi. 510.
Treason, unjust law of Arcadius respecting
it, iii. 489. Surreptitiously added to the
Golden Bull of Germany, 491, note.
Trebatius, an eminent jurist, Cicero's cha-
racter of him, v. 28.

Trebellianus, one of the Thirty Tyrants,
i. 343. His rebellion followed by long
Isaurian wars, 349.

Trebizond, its early history; stormed and
plundered by the Goths, i. 330. Adorned
and fortified by Justinian, iv. 343. De-
scribed in the Periplus of Arrian, 476,
note. Landing-place of Heraclius on his
second expedition, v. 182. Not conquered
by the Seljukiaus, vi. 386. Its mediæval
empire founded by Alexius Comnenus,
vii. 11, and note. Contains the best
vestiges of Byzantine architecture, 331,
note. Capitulates to Mahomet II., 335.
Treves, an eminent city of Gaul, i. 65.
Gallienus holds his court there, 323.
The seat of prætorian government, shuts
its gates against Decentius, ii. 290. Pil-
laged by the Allemanni, 322. The resi-
dence of Valentinian, iii. 100, note; 132.
Its calamities, iv. 11, and note. Plun-
dered by Attila, 15, note.

Trial by sound of trumpet among the
Mongols, vii. 164, note.

Triarian Goths unite with the Ostrogoths,
iv. 251.

Tribigild, the Ostrogoth, rebels, iii. 491.
Joins Gainas, 496.

Tribonian, accused by the people during
the Nika sedition, iv. 397. Employed by
Justinian to revise and compile the laws
of the empire, v. 34.

Tribunitian power conferred on Augustus,

í. 85.

Tributes of the Provinces, i. 202.
Trictrac. See Tessera.

Trigetius, one of the Roman ambassadors
tó Attila, iv. 32.
Trinity, the Christian doctrine anticipated
by the theology of Plato, ii. 399. Its
mystery, 400. Diversity of opinions, 402.
Controversies of Alexandria, 404. Three
distinct systems, 405. Decision of the
council of Nice, 409. Of the council of
Constantinople, iii. 228. The "Three
witnesses," iv. 146, and notes. See
Arianism.

Triple crown of the pope, vii. 421, and note.
Tripod of Delphi, the serpentine column on
which it stood, removed to Constanti-
nople, ii. 190, and note.

Tripolis, confederation of three African
cities, oppressed by count Romanus, iii.
113, and note. Now Tripoli, taken by
the Saracens, vi. 73. By Roger, king of
Sicily, 344.

Trisagion, strife and tumults caused by
different forms of chanting it, v. 239.
Triumph. See Processions.
Troy, its site, ii. 182.

Truce of God, an imitation of a custom
among the ancient Germans, i. 291.
Proclaimed during the first crusade, vi.
402.

Truli, a name given by the Vandals to the
Goths in Spain, iii. 471, note.

Trumpet, Roman, its various notes, iv. 415,
note.

Tudela. See Benjamin.
Tunis. See Sieges.

Turcilingi, a tribe among the confederates
of Italy, iv. 95.

Turcopoli, Turkish mercenaries, ví. 487,
note.

Turin. See Battles.

Turisund, king of the Gepidæ, visited by
Alboin, v. 98.

Turkestan, conquered by Timour, vii. 166.
Turks, origin of their monarchy in Asia, iv.
451. Their religion and laws, 453. They
subdue the Ogors, 454. Send an embassy
to Constantinople, 458. Their alliance with
Justinian and his successors, 459. With
Heraclius, v. 188. Employed as guards
by the caliphs of Bagdad; their licen-
tiousness and insolence, vi. 166. Disso-
lution of their empire, its fragments still
independent and powerful, vi. 358. Con-
quests of the Gaznevides, 359. Emigra-
tions of the Turkmans, 364. Rise of the
Seljukians, 367. Conquest of Asia Minor,
385. Kingdom of Roum, 386. Capture
of Jerusalem, 388. Wars of the Crusades,
439. Origin of the Atabeks, 487. Con-
quest of Egypt, 490. Origin of the Otto-
mans, vii. 138. Their conquests, 141.
Their establishment in Europe, 146.
War on the Danube, 150. War with
Timour, 170. Battle of Angora, 177.
Civil wars of the sons of Bajazet, 192.
Reunion of the Ottoman empire, 194.
War with Ladislaus, king of Hungary
and Poland, 270. Battle of Warna, 274.
War with Huniades, 277. With Scan-
derbeg, 280. Siege of Constantinople,
298. Capture of the city, 324.
Turpin, archbishop of Rheims, a romance
composed in his name, vi. 401, and note.
Tusculum. See Battles.

Twelve Tables. See Law.
Tyana. See Sieges.

Type of Constans, reprobated by the West-
ern church, v. 251.

U.

note.

Ugri, a Fennic tribe, in the Northen regions
of Asia and Europe, vi. 265.
Ukraine, possessed by the Goths, i. 311.
Uldin, king of the Huns, opposes and kills
Gainas, iii. 499. Is driven over the
Danube, 512.

Ulphilas, apostle of the Goths, translated
the scriptures for them, iv. 131, and note.
His embassies to Valens, 132. Taught
Arianism, 136. His labours facilitated
by the use of the scriptures in the Gothic
tongue, 137.

Ulphilas, lieutenant of the general Con.
stantius, his merit and services, iii. 463.
Ulpian, president of the council of state,
under Alexander Severus, i. 191. Bene-
ficent effects of his advice, 194. Mur-
dered by the prætorians, 196.
His trea-
tise on the office of proconsul, ii. 210,
note. The lex regia ascribed to him, v.
19. Supposed to have been the author
of the wise laws of Caracalla, 20. His
works made oracles of law by Theodosius
II., 32.

Ulpius. See Crinitus.

Umbrians, an ancient people, occupied part
of the present Tuscany, i. 26. Their
town Eugubium, v. 5, note. Their dialect,

6, note.

Unitarians, a name given to Mahometans,
v. 470.

Universal History, argument of its authors
for the truth of Christianity, v. 137, note;
444, note. Character of their history of
Mahomet and the caliphs, 534, note.
Universities of Europe assisted the revival
of learning, vii. 243, and note.
Upsal, its temple the ancient seat of Scan-
dinavian religion and empire, i. 285, note.
Destroyed by Ingo, 304, note.

Uraias, refuses the Gothic crown in Italy,
iv. 502. His death, 503.
Urban II., pope, adopted the plans of Gre-
gory VII, for a crusade in the East, vi.
$99, and note. Summoned the council of
Placentia, 400, and note. Of Clermont,
401, and note. His oration, 403, and
note. Declined to lead the crusaders, 404,
Said to have been guided by the advice
of Bohemond, 423, 438, note. Died before
he heard the result, 460. His share in ex-
ecuting the design of the popes, 511, note.

and urged a general crusade in his favour,
vii. 65.

Urban V., is visited at Rome by the emperors
of the East and the West; receives a
profession of Catholic faith from the for-
mer, and endeavours vainly to urge the
latter to a crusade against the Turks, vii.
211. Returns to Avignon and dies, 421.
Urban VI., his election a prelude to the
great schism, vii. 422. Puts six cardinals
to the rack, and institutes a crusade
against his adversaries, 424, and note.
Driven from the Vatican by popular tu.
mults, 425.

Ursacius, an Illyrian bishop, introduces
Arianism at the council of Rimini, ii. 415.
His alleged recantation, 433, note.
Ursacius, master of the offices to Valen-
tinian offends the Allemanni, iii. 93.
Ursel of Baliol, (Urselius or Russelins),
commands a body of Norman mercenaries
in the East, vi. 374, and note.
Ursicinus, betrays Sylvanus, ii. 307. Pu-
nished for the misconduct of Sabinian,
321.

Ursini, a Roman family, rivals of the Colon.
na, vii. 389.

Ursinus, (or Urscinus), his contest with
Damasus for the bishopric of Rome, iii.
91, and note.

Ursula, legend of her emigration, with her
attendant virgins, iii. 215, note.
Ursulus, treasurer of the empire, condemned
by the tribunal of Chalcedon, ii. 494.
His confiscated wealth restored to his
family by Julian, ib.

Usher, archbishop, his account of the emi
gration from Britain, iii. 215, note. His
date of the creation, iv, 358, note.
Usury. See Interest.
Utus, a river of Thrace, on which Attila

defeated the army of the East, iii. 559.
Uzhecks, their primitive manners much al-
tered, iii. 141, note. Established in
Transoxiana, vii. 161, note. Their name
given to the Jetes, 162, note.
Uzi, a Moldavian tribe, vi. 374, and note.

V.