Codeine sulphate, 2 C18 H21 N O3. H2SO4 + 5 H2O. Lævo

2

Hesse (L. A., 176, 191).

Lævo-rotatory.

[a]D

Narcotine, C22 H25 N

ohol of 97 per cent. (by vol.) oholic chloroform

c = 0.74.

oroform

Narcotine dissolved in hydrochloric acid. Dextro-rotatory.

nol. alkaloid + 2 mols. H Cl + water

c = 2.

[a]D = +

47 0.

+ alkaloid of 80 per cent. c
(by vol.)

+ 104.5.

Hesse (L. A. 176, 193).

Pseudomorphine hydrochloride, C17 H19 N O4. H Cl + H2 O.

ævo-rotatory.

mol. salt (c = 0.8 to 16) + 1 mol. H Cl + water. t =

2

22.5 [a]D

=

mol. salt (c 2)+5 mols. Na, O + water = 1 mol. alkaloid + 5 mols. Na2 O + 1 mol. Na Cl

Thebaine, C1, H21 N2 Og.

19

2

Alcohol of 97 per cent. (by vol.) c = 2. t

Lævo-rotatory.

198.9.

Hesse (L. A. 176, 195).

= 15°.
[a]D
c = 2. t = 25°. [x]D

Hesse

Chloroform

22.5°. [a]D c = 5. t = 22.5°. [a]D

216.4 (L. A. 176, 196).

= 229.5

Thebaine hydrochloride, C19 H21 NO, H Cl + H2 O. Lævo-rotatory.

Papaverine, C2 H21 N O4. Lævo-rotatory.

Laudanosine, C1 H27 NO4. Dextro-rotatory.

Alcohol of 97 per cent. (by vol.) c =

2.79.

= 103.2.

t = 15°. [a]D
t = 22.5. [a]n 105.0.

t = 22.5.

2) + 2 mols. H Cl + water. t = 22.5. [a]D

= 108.4.

Hesse (L. A. 176, 202).

Narceine, hydrocotarnine, cryptopine, meconine are inactive.

STRYCHNINE ALKALOIDS.

Strychnine, C2 H22 N2 O2. Lævo-rotatory.

21

Bichloro-santonin, C15 H16 Cl2 Og. Lævo-rotatory.

2

Santonate of soda, 2 (C15 H19 Na 04) + 7 H, O. Lævo-rotatory.

Water. e 2 to 6. t = 22.5°. [a]D

=

(18.70+ 0.33 c).

The rotation decreases with increase of temperature.
20.0, and with c = 10 [a]
= 21.7. Hesse (loc. cit).

Alcohol. p 3·125. [a]; 28.1. Bouchardat and Boudet (J. Pharm. chim. [3]

-

23, 288).

Ether.

Echiretin, C35 H56 02. Dextro-rotatory.

c = 2. t = 15°. [a]D = 54.8. Jobst and Hesse (loc. cit).

§ 122. Bile Constituents.

Cholesterin, C26 H44 O, or C25 H42 O. Lævo-rotatory.

From gall stones. Anhydrous substance.

Lindenmeyer (J. für prakt. Chem. [1] 90, 323), examined by Broch's method solutions of cholesterin (with 1 mol. water?) in rock-oil, c 10, and in ether, c = 7.941, and obtained the following specific rotations:

=

Phytosterin, C26 H44 O. Lævo-rotatory. From calabar beans

or seed peas.

Chloroform. c = 1.636. t = 15°. [a]D

=

34.2. Hesse (L. A. 192, 177).

The following determinations of specific rotation of bile acids were made by Hoppe-Seyler (J. für prakt. Chem. [1], 89, 257) by Broch's method, employing sunlight.

Glycocholic acid, C26 H43 NO. Dextro-rotatory.

From ox bile. Alcoholic solution. c 9:504. The concentra

tion of the solution is without influence.

Glycocholate of soda, C26 H42 Na NO. Dextro-rotatory.

Alcohol. c = 20·143. [a]D

Water. c = 24.928. [a]D

Taurocholate of soda, C26 H44 Na N SO7. Dextro-rotatory.

Water. c =

=

24.5. [a]D 39.0. Concentration without influence. 21.5. [a]D = 34.0.

Cholalic acid, anhydrous. C24 H 05. Dextro-rotatory.

From ox bile

Alcohol. c = 3.338. [a]D

= 50.2.

From dogs' excrement—

Alcohol. c = 2.942. [a]D = 47.6. [a]; = 50.4.

2

Cholalic acid, crystallized with water, C24 H40 O5 + 2 H2 0. Dextro-rotatory.

From ox bile or dogs' excrement. Alcoholic solution. c = (= 2 659 anhydrous substance).

2.962

Anhydrous: [a] = 28.2 30.1 33.9 44.7 47.0 52.7 67.7 78.0

Other specimens of the crystallized compound gave the follow

ing rotations, calculated for the anhydrous acid :

Alcohol. c = 443 anhydrous substance: [a]D
D = 34.8.

C = 6.0695

Cholalate of potash, C24 H39 K O5. Dextro-rotatory.

Cholalate of soda, C24 H39 Na O5. Dextro-rotatory.

Cholalate of methyl, C24 H39 (CH3) 05. Dextro-rotatory.

Cholalate of ethyl, C2, H39 (C2 H5) O. Dextro-rotatory.

24

All these substances, and particularly chondrin, possess strong lavo-rotatory powers. The following observations were all taken by de Bary (Hoppe-Seyler, Med. chem. Untersuchungen, 1, 71) :— Glutin. Aqueous solutions.

The rotatory power of glutin solutions decreases with rise of temperature. Concentration, on the other hand, has no important influence.

The following experiments with aqueous solutions of concentration c = 3.06, show the effects of alkalies and acids :

1. Solution mixed with an equal vol. ammonia

= 139.5.

[a]D [a]

=

130.5.

112.5.

= 114 0.

Chondrin. Pure aqueous solutions of sufficient transparency cannot be prepared, but the cloudiness disappears on the addition of a few drops of soda solution. For such a solution with c = it was found that

0.957,

213.5.

[a];

=

All the albumins are lævo-rotatory. The following observations. on their specific rotation are given by Hoppe-Seyler (Zeitsch. für Chem. u. Pharm. 1864, 737).