2. Domestic navigation, as defined by article 372. 1 The usual language of the treaties is, that the Articles in question do not apply to the coasting trade, &c. ; but it is suggested here to make the equality apply, as between foreign ships, reserving the right of a nation to give exclusive or other privileges to its own people and ships over all others.

See treaty between Great Britain and Prussia, Aug. 16, 1865, (Accounts and Papers, 1866, vol. LXXVI., 38.)

The treaty between France and the Grand Duchy of MecklenburgSchwerin, (extended to the) Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, June 9, 1865, Art. VII., (9 De Clercq, 295,) provides that the vessels of either power engaged in internal navigation, shall be treated on the same footing as vessels of the most favored nations.

* Treaty between the United States and

The Two Sicilies, Oct. 1, 1855, Art. XIII., 11 U. S. Stat. at L. 647. 8 Treaty between France and

415. No nation shall impose a license tax upon commercial travellers seeking orders or making purchases for their principals in another nation, and carrying no merchandise other than samples.

This provision is from the commercial treaty between France and Switzerland, June 30, 1864, Art. XXVI., (9 De Clercq, 56,) which, however, provides also, that such travellers shall be duly authorized by their own government, according to the formalities to be agreed upon between the two nations.

Treaty between France and

Austria, Dec. 11, 1866, Art. XV., 9 De Clercq, 646.

To very similar effect are the following:

Treaty between France and

Sweden and Norway,
Portugal,

Free Cities of Lubeck,
Bremen and Hamburg,
Grand Duchy of Meck-
lenburg Schwerin

Feb. 14, 1865, Art.
July 11, 1866,

XV., 9 De Clercq, 151.
IX., 9 ld., 558.

66

Mar. 4, 1865, " XVI., 9 Id., 187.

(extended to the) Grand June 9, 1865, XIX., 9 Id., 295.
Duchy of Mecklenburg-

Strelitz,

The treaty between France and Belgium, April 27, 1854, Art. XIX., (6 De Clercq, 420,) subjects commercial travellers to a tax.

For the rule adopted between France and Switzerland, see 9 De Clercq, 319.

The provisions of the protocol between France and The Free Cities, in reference to regulations for commercial travellers, and the importation of samples, provided for annual licenses in two forms-one for manufacturers and merchants, and the other for commercial travellers; and also for offices in each country, for the inspection and admission of samples. 9 De Clercq, 20.

Duty on samples.

416. Dutiable articles, when carried as samples under the last article, shall be admitted, temporarily, free of duty. But proper security may be required for their re-exportation.

This provision is from the commercial treaty between France and Switzerland, June 30, 1864, (9 De Clercq, 56,) which also provides that the necessary formalities shall be regulated by agreement between the two governments.

Treaty between France and

Grand Duchy of Meck

lenburg - Schwerin

(extended to the) Grand June 9, 1865, Art.
Duchy of Mecklenburg-

Strelitz,

Netherlands,

XX.,9 De Clercq, 295.

July 7, 1865, " XXIII., 9 Id., 337.

The regulations governing the execution of the provision for the admission of samples free of duty, and for the annual license of commercial travellers, under the treaty between France and Austria, are contained in the protocol of Dec. 11, 1866, (9 De Clercq, 662.)

As to the identification of samples, see also protocol to treaty between France and the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, (9 De Clercq, 308.)

TITLE XIII.

QUARANTINE.

ARTICLE 417. Quarantine.

418. For what diseases quarantine may be imposed.

419. Detention of ships.

420. Ships may put to sea, when.

421. Limit of quarantine.

422. Regulations.

A summary of the laws and regulations of different countries on quarantine will be found in a paper by Dr. Milroy, in the Transactions of the British National Association for the Promotion of Social Science, 1862, p. 872.

Another paper by the same author is found in Id., vol. for 1859, p. 521; Several conventions on this subject are to be found in 6 De Clercq, 141. 6 Id., 179; 9 Id., 43; 9 Id., 383.

See, also, an account of the Quarantine Conference of Paris, in Transactions of Nat. Asso. for Promotion of Social Science, vol. for 1859, p. 605.

Quarantine.

417. Each nation, for the protection of the public health, may impose, in any ports of its territory, quarantine upon all ships, public or private, arriving from other ports, and the persons and property on board, and may impose, on any part of its land frontiers, quarantine upon any person or property about to enter, subject to the following articles of this Title.

For what diseases quarantine may be imposed.

418. Quarantine may be imposed for any of the following diseases, and no other, viz.: yellow fever, cholera, typhus or ship fever, small-pox, and any new disease, not now known, of a contagious, infectious, or pestilential nature.

Detention of ships.

419. Ships arriving in a foul and unwholesome condition, even though provided with clean bills of health, and though no case of disease has occurred during the

voyage, may be subjected to quarantine detention and purification.

Ships may put to sea, when.

420. Any ship, before breaking bulk, may put to sea, in preference to being subjected to quarantine.

Limit of quarantine.

421. Quarantine shall in no case exceed thirty days. Regulations.

422. Subject to the foregoing articles of this Title, each nation may make and enforce such quarantine regulations as it may see fit.

TITLE XIV.

RAILWAYS.

ARTICLE 423. Line between frontier stations an international

route.

424. Equal facilities to members of any nation.

425. Freedom of traffic.

426. Revenue service.

427. Offenders against either nation not to be employed

by the other.

428. Goods carried in passenger trains.

429. Transit of merchandise through intermediate

nation.

Line between frontier stations an international route.

423. Except where otherwise provided by special compact, the portion of a railway lying between the frontier stations of two nations which the railway connects is an international route. In all that concerns the surveillance of the road, the administrative control of each nation extends over the line proceeding from it to the frontier station of the other nation.

But the jurisdiction of the tribunals is not thereby extended beyond the frontier.

Suggested by the provisions of the convention for the international railway service between France and Spain, April 8, 1864, Art. I., 9 De Clercq, 12.

Equal facilities to members of any nation.

444. No distinction shall be made between the members of different nations in the price, time, or facilities of transportation; and transportation within one territory towards the other shall not be less favorably treated in those respects than that which is wholly internal.