by the law of the place where done, is determined by such law, except as otherwise provided in this Chapter. Andrews v. Pond, 13 Peters U. S. Supr. Ct. Rep., 65. That the law of the place where the wrong is committed determines so far as regards the substance of the matter on which an action of damage is brought, is the rule in America and Scotland, but by the latest English decisions, (The Halley, 18 Law Journ. (N. S:) P. C., 879,) the injury must be actionable by the lex fori. Guthrie's Savigny, p. 205, note. Performance or omission of acts beyond jurisdic tion of nation. 617. Except as provided in the next article, an obligation may be created in favor of one member of a nation against another, by reason of an act done or omitted beyond its jurisdiction, although no compensation therefor could be recovered by the law of the place. Scott v. Seymour, 1 Hurlstone & Coltman's Rep., 234, 235. Performance or omission of acts authorized by law. 618. No action can be brought for the performance or omission of an act, if such performance or omission was, at the time of its occurrence,' authorized by an express provision of the law of the place. 1 Dobree . Napier, 2 Bingham's New Cases, 781. The present rule extends this provision to an authorization at any time before the action is commenced. Ownership and possession of property. 619. The obligations arising from the ownership or the possession of property are determined by the law of the place where the property is for the time being situated. Law governing damages caused by act or omission beyond the jurisdiction of nation. 620. Where an act or omission occurs within the jurisdiction of one nation, which causes damage solely within the jurisdiction of another, the obligation to make compensation therefor is determined by the law of the latter. Thus the obligations arising out of an injury to an immovable wherever committed, (Thayer v. Brooks, 17 Ohio Rep., 489 ;) are governed by the law of the place where the property is situated. 620h. Want of consideration, when it does not exonerate. 620m. Presentment for acceptance, when. 620n. Neglect to present for acceptance excuses drawer and endorsers, when. 6200. Days of grace not allowed. 620p. Bill, where payable. 620q. Bill accepted payable at particular place, to be there presented for payment. 620r. 620s. 620t. Bill in different parts. Agreement to draw requires drawing in three parts. 620u. Presentment for acceptance or payment, how made. 620x. Bill not drawing interest and not presented in certain 620y. 620z. Bill bearing interest, delay does not exonerate. 620a1. Delay in presenting excused, when. 620b1. Presentment and notice excused, when. 620c1. Presentment excused, when. 620d1. Delay in presentment excused, when. 620e1. Waiver of presentment and of notice, effect of. 620g1. If written acceptance refused, bill dishonored. 62011. Acceptance on separate instrument, how far binding 62011. What acceptance admits. 620m1. What may be demanded as condition of payment. 620n1. When is bill dishonored. 62001. Notice of dishonor, by whom given. 620p1. Notice of dishonor, form of it. 620q1. Protest, by whom made. 620r1. Protest, where made. 620s1. Protest, when made. 620t1. Want of protest, when excused. 620u1. If bill waives protest, what to be done. 620v1. Notice of dishonor, how given. 620w1. Notice, how given in case of death. 620x1. The same. 620y1. Notice of dishonor, when given. 620z1. If sent by post, when deposited in post-office. 620a2. Notice by agent, when given. 620b2. Party receiving notice, when to give notice to prior parties. 620c2. Notice of dishonor by one party good for others. 620d2. When notice of dishonor is excused. 620-2. When dishonored bill may be paid for honor. 620f2. Holder bound to accept payment, not acceptance for honor. 620g2. Payer for honor, what to declare. 620h2. What acceptor or payer for honor must do. 62012. Bill accepted for honor must be presented for pay. ment. 620j2. Acceptance for honor, does not dispense with notice 620k2. Bill not accepted, must be presented for payment. 620m2. Damages, how estimated. Definition of bills of exchange. 620a. A bill of exchange, within the meaning of this chapter, is an instrument in writing, by which one who is called the drawer, requests another called the drawee, being in another country, to pay there a specified sum of money at sight or within a certain time, and without any condition not certain of fulfillment, to the order of a third, called the payee. And it may also mention the name of any person in addition to the drawee, to be resorted to in case of need. Who is indorser. 620b. One who writes his name upon a bill of exchange, otherwise than as a drawer or drawee, and delivers it, with his name thereon, to another, is called an indorser, and his act is called an indorsement. One who agrees to indorse is bound to write his signature upon the back of the bill, if there is sufficient space thereon for that purpose, and if there is not space, a signature equivalent to an indorsement may be made upon a paper annexed. Indorsement, general or special. 620c. An indorsement may be general or special. A general indorsement is one by which no indorsee is named. A special indorsement specifies the indorsee. If the place of indorsement is not specified, it is presumed to be as stated in article 612. General indorsement, how made special. 620d. A bill of exchange bearing a general indorsement can not be afterwards specially indorsed; but any lawful holder may turn a general indorsement into a special one, by writing above it a direction for payment to a particular person; and a special indorsement may, by express words for that purpose, but not otherwise, be so made as to render the bill not further negotiable. What indorser warrants. 620e. Every indorser of a bill of exchange warrants to every subsequent holder thereof, who is not liable thereon to him: 1. That it is in all respects what it purports to be; 2. That he has a good title to it; 3. That the signatures of all prior parties are binding upon them; 4. That if the bill is dishonored, the indorser will, upon notice thereof duly given to him, or without notice, where it is excused by law, pay so much of the same as the holder paid therefor, with interest, unless exonerated as in this chapter provided. How indorsement qualified. 620f. An indorser of a bill of exchange may qualify his indorsement with the words "without recourse, or equivalent words; and upon such indorsement he is responsible only as for a simple transfer of the bill. Rights of indorsee. 620g. An indorsee of a bill of exchange has the same rights against every prior party thereto that he would have had if the contract had been made directly between them in the first instance. Want of consideration, when it does not exonerate. 620h. The want of consideration for the undertaking of a drawer, acceptor, or indorser of a bill of exchange does not exonerate him from liability thereon to an indorsee who in due course receives it. Who is indorsee in due course. 620i. An indorsee in due course is one who, in good faith, in the ordinary course of business, and for value, before its apparent maturity or presumptive dishonor, and without knowledge of its actual dishonor, acquires a bill of exchange duly indorsed. Title of indorsec in due course. 620j. An indorsee of a bill of exchange in due course. acquires an absolute title thereto, so that it is valid in his hands, notwithstanding any provision of law mak ing it generally void or voidable, and notwithstanding |