Dark Age Economics: The Origins of Towns and Trade A.D. 600-1000Duckworth, 1982 - 230 sider |
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Side 115
... Metcalf has attempted in several papers to calculate the numbers of coins for this early medieval period.23 He has used a random sampling technique , known as Brown's formula , which was devised to estimate the hammered coinage issued ...
... Metcalf has attempted in several papers to calculate the numbers of coins for this early medieval period.23 He has used a random sampling technique , known as Brown's formula , which was devised to estimate the hammered coinage issued ...
Side 205
... Metcalf's figures for tenth - century 3. Grierson 1959 ; 1978 . early cash . 4. Polanyi 1957 reviews coinage at some 27. Bakka 1978 ; Skaare 1976 , 9-11 . length 28. Warner 1975-6 . 5. Collis 1971-2 , esp . 71-3 . 29. Hardh 1977-8 . 6 ...
... Metcalf's figures for tenth - century 3. Grierson 1959 ; 1978 . early cash . 4. Polanyi 1957 reviews coinage at some 27. Bakka 1978 ; Skaare 1976 , 9-11 . length 28. Warner 1975-6 . 5. Collis 1971-2 , esp . 71-3 . 29. Hardh 1977-8 . 6 ...
Side 218
... Metcalf , D. M. 1965 How large was the Anglo - Saxon currency ? English History Review 18 , 475-82 . Metcalf , D. M. 1967 The prosperity of north - western Europe in the eighth and ninth centuries , English History Review 20 , 344-57 .
... Metcalf , D. M. 1965 How large was the Anglo - Saxon currency ? English History Review 18 , 475-82 . Metcalf , D. M. 1967 The prosperity of north - western Europe in the eighth and ninth centuries , English History Review 20 , 344-57 .
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The Shadow of Pirenne | 6 |
Trading Systems from Theodoric to Charlemagne | 29 |
The Emporia | 47 |
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activity Anglo-Saxon appears archaeology authority boat Carolingian central centres certainly Chapter Charlemagne clearly coinage coins communities concerned contrast course created discussed distribution Dorestad early economic effect eighth emergence empire emporia England English established Europe evidence examine example excavations exchange existence extent Figure finds Frisian further Haithabu Hamwih Hodges illustrates imported indicate industry interesting Ipswich issued Italy king known late later least long-distance trade maintained major Merovingian Metcalf Middle minting Moreover ninth century North origins particular pattern perhaps period phase population possibly pottery probably production recent references regional remains Renfrew result Roman royal Saxon scale seems settlement seventh century ships significant silver social society structures studies suggests tenth territories towns trade urban vessels Viking village ware wealth West