points along the entire road to the mouth of the Chaudiere, he will be gratified with imposing views of Quebec and its shipping, and surrounding scenery, including the Isle of Orleans, the Fall of Montmorenci, and the Plains of Abraham. Several neat villas adorn the road, in which citizens of Quebec reside during the summer season. At a short distance beyond Lauzon, the seat of Sir Henry Caldwell, which is in a charming situation and admirable for its classic architecture, you cross the Etchemin by a wooden bridge. At its embouchure is a large causeway leading to this gentleman's mills, an establishment well worthy of inspection. Thereafter the left side of the road is over shadowed by lofty rocks till it reaches the Chaudiere, which is crossed by a ferry. Three miles beyond is a new road to the left, by pursuing which for a mile, availing yourself of a guide, who may be procured hard by,you will reach this celebrated Fall. Although yielding in grandeur to Niagara and Montmorenci, it possesses features more interesting than either. The river, in its course of one hundred miles over a rugged bed full of rapids and falls, is here narrowed to a width of between three hundred and four hundred feet, and is precipitated over a height of about one hundred and thirty feet, preserving the characteristic features of its boiling waters till it mingles with the St. Lawrence. Hence it has received the appropriate name of Chaudiere or Caldron. Instead of descending in one continuous sheet, it is divided by large projecting rocks into three channels or cataracts, which however unite before reaching the basin below. A globular figure is imparted to the descending volumes of brilliant white foam, in consequence of the deep excavations of the rocks, and the clouds of spray produce in the sunshine a most brilliant variety of prismatic colours. The dark green foliage of the dense forests that overhang the torrent on both sides, forms a striking contrast with its snow-white foam. If the Tourist should be so minded, on returning half way to Pointe Levi, he may visit the Falls of the Etchemin by taking the road to his right. On returning to Pointe Levi, he may find time to walk to Aubigny Church, and wander for a while amongst the glades in front of it. In recrossing the St. Lawrence, the Tourist may be reminded of the striking contrast which the winter season presents here on land and water.

Then the river is general choked up with broken fields of ice exhib iting an endless variety of fantastic appearances. The habitans cross in canoes, and are frequently obliged to haul and push them forward among the blocks of ice. The ferrymen do their utmost to prevent the ice from taking, as it deprives them of their usual means of livelihood while it lasts. It is a rare occurrence for the ice to be quite firm between Quebec and Pointe Levi. When this is the case, it is called a pont or bridge; and a sort of jubilee is indulged in, and persons are seen enjoying themselves in every direction by sleighing, sliding, skating, curling, &c. A ready communication betwixt both shores then takes place, as the Grand Voyer, or Chief Surveyor of Highways, marks out, by means of pine-branches as beacons, a road, over which hay, firewood, and other bulky articles are transported in traineaux or sledges. A similar laying-out of roads takes place on the taking of the River at all the important thoroughfares, as in front of Montreal, Three Rivers, &c. During the winter of 1848-9 the River has taken as firmly as it has done since 1816. The channel between the Isle of Orleans and the North Shore is frozen over annually, when the produce of that fertile spot can be conveyed to market,

EXPEDITION OF 1759."*

By the common consent of the world Quebec is for ever identified with the renown of the two great nations that contended for its possession; and the history of this period will always be referred to as equally interesting, attractive and important. The varied incidents of the expedition—the arrival before the town-the attack of the fire-ships-the fruitless engagement at Montmorenci-the bombardment from Point Levi-the landing under the Heights of Abraham-the battle of the Plains-the death of two heroic leaders -the surrender-the subsequent fight at Sillery--the siege by the French--and the arrival of the English fleet, form a series of spiritstirring events, which possess the mind of the reader with the eager interest of vicissitude, as they in turn develope the great game

• Extracted from Hawkins' Guide to Quebec,

of

war, played by the most skilful hands, and for the noblest stake! The scene of this heroic drama, the actors, and the event will be for ever memorable. The tale has been handed down by various writers; but to do justice to the narration it requires the pen of Wolfe himself.

Wolfe, having safely landed his army on the 27th June near the Church of St. Laurent on the Isle of Orleans, where they encamped in one line about a mile from the shore, proceeded to the west end of the Island to reconnoitre the position of the enemy. The view he then beheld was most magnificent and imposing. The French army extended along the sloping ground upon the north shore, and occupied the heights of Beauport from Quebec on the right to the Cascades of Montmorenci on the left. The village of Beauport rose in the centre among the battalions of old France; the right rested upon the St. Charles with the beautiful village of Charlesbourg in its rear; the left extended to the chasm at the Falls. The whole front was entrenched, and protected from the English cannon, while all accessible points along the shore were occupied and defended by batteries and by every means which the science of war provides. Beyond the right a bridge had been thrown over the St. Charles in order to communicate with the town and garrison. This was protected by tetes du pont and strong works at each end, as well as by two batteries, of eight guns each, mounted upon hulks sunk in the chan nel.

The French army was composed of about thirteen thousand men, six battalions of which were regulars, and the remainder well disciplined Canadian militia with some cavalry and Indians. The right was under the command of Brigadier General the Baron de St. Ours, the centre, of Brigadier General De Senezergues, and the left of M. Herbin. The garrison was commanded by M. De Ramezay.

Although the Fleet had safely arrived at the place of disembarkation, no sooner were the troops on shore than it met with one of those storms of wind and rain which are frequent in the St. Lawrence. The hurricane was of such violence as to do great damage to the transports and boats of the fleet by their driving on board each other.

It being absolutely necessary for the combined operations of the two services that the English should possess the command of the basin, General Monckton, second in command, was detached on the night of the 29th with four battalions, with orders to land at Beaumont, and to clear the south shore from that village to PointeLevi, which post he was to occupy and fortify, a duty which he accomplished with little opposition. Here he erected batteries and works, the remains of which may be traced at the present day. In the meantime Colonel Guy Carleton, afterwards Lord Dorchester, established himself at the western point of the Isle of Orleans, where he erected works for the defence of the magazines, stores, and hospitals.

Montcalm, who too late perceived the importance of the works at Pointe Levi, sent a corps of sixteen hundred men against them; but these troops, unluckily for themselves and for the English Gen eral, who was anxious to defeat so large a detachment, fell into confusion, and, having fired upon each other instead of upon the enemy, returned in utter discomfiture.

General Wolfe, perceiving that the ground to the eastward of the Fall of Montmorenci, on which rested the left flank of the French army, was higher than that on the enemy's side, determined to take possession of it; and, having passed the North Channel, he encamped there on the 9th July, not without severe skirmishing and considerable loss. Here he erected batteries which greatly galled the left of the entrenchments, and conceived the design of attacking the French in their entrenchments. This attack, which, looking at the difficulties of the ground, appears to have been carefully considered and planned with judgment, took place on the 31st July. It failed through want of caution and excess of courage on the part of the grenadiers, although the grounding of the boats upon the ledge, some distance from the shore, was doubtless the primary cause of the disaster. The return of our loss at the battle of Montmorenci is stated to have been one hundred and eighty-two killed and six hundred and fifty wounded.

The failure at Montmorenci had made a deep impression upon the mind of Wolfe. He had a spirit impatient of anticipated cen

sure, unable to bear disappointment where he was conscious of having deserved success, and he cherished an eager desire to retrieve the laurels which he feared some might think had fallen from his brow. His situation, however, was such that he despaired of finding an opportunity; he was often heard to sigh, and observed to betray great inward agitation. His constitution, naturally delicate, gave way under his excitement: which, added to the great fatigues he had undergone, brought on a fever and dysentery, and for some time totally disabled him. Such was the affection of the whole army for Wolfe that his sickness made a general impression upon them; and, when his health, after ten day's severe illness, permitted him to return to the camp, and once more to visit the guards and posts as usual, they gave the strongest proofs of the most heartfelt joy; and his presence infused fresh spirits into the troops.

Every preparation having been made, and Admiral Saunders having engaged to co-operate by a feigned attack upon the intrenchments at Beauport, the eventful day approached when the blow was to be struck. Rear Admiral Holmes had the command of the naval force employed in covering the disembarkation, the immediate management of which was entrusted to Captain Chads, a name to this day distinguished in the Royal Navy. On the 12th September Gen. Wolfe issued the following order:

"On board His Majesty's ship Sutherland.

"The enemy's force is now divided: great scarcity of provisions is in their camp, and universal discontent among the Canadians. The second officer in command is gone to Montreal, or St. John's; which gives reason to think that General Amherst is advancing into the colony. A vigorous blow struck by the army at this juncture may determine the fate of Canada. Our troops below are in readi ness to join us all the light artillery and tools are embarked at Pointe Levi; and the troops will land where the French seem least to expect it. The first body that gets on shore is to march directly to the enemy, and drive them from any little post they may occupy. The officers must be careful that the succeeding bodies do not by any mistake fire upon those who go before them. The battalions