mankind are more disposed to suffer, v are sufferable, than to right themselve ishing the forms to which they are ac But when a long train of abuses and us pursuing invariably the same object, design to reduce them under absolute it is their right, it is their duty, to thro government, and to provide new guards future security. Such has been the p ferance of these colonies; and such is necessity which constrains them to alter mer systems of government. The hist resent king of Great Britain is a hist peated injuries and usurpations, all direct object, the establishment of an tyranny over these states. To prove facts be submitted to a candid world.

He has refused his assent to laws wholesome and necessary for the public He has forbidden his governors to pas immediate and pressing importance, u pended in their operation till his assent obtained; and when so suspended, he h neglected to attend to them.

He has refused to pass other laws commodation of large districts of peop those people would relinquish the right sentation in the legislature; a right in to them, and formidable to tyrants only.

He has called together legislative places unusual, uncomfortable, and dis the depository of their public records, fo purpose of fatiguing them into a compli his measures.

He has dissolved representative houses repeaty, for opposing with manly firmness his invaon the rights of the people.

He has refused for a long time, after such disutions, to cause others to be elected; whereby legislative powers, incapable of annihilation, e returned to the people at large, for their ercise: the state remaining in the mean time, posed to all the dangers of invasion from withand convulsions from within.

He has endeavored to prevent the population these states; for that purpose obstructing the ws for naturalization of foreigners; refusing to ss others to encourage their migration hither, raising the conditions of new appropriations lands.

He has obstructed the administration of justice, refusing his assent to laws for establishing liciary powers.

He has made judges dependent on his will ne, for the tenure of their offices, and the ount and payment of their salaries.

He has erected a multitude of new offices, and it hither swarms of new officers to harass our ople, and eat out their substance.

He has kept among us, in times of peace, unding armies, without the consent of our legis

ures.

He has affected to render the military indepennt of, and superior to, the civil power.

He has combined with others to subject us to a risdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacowledged by our laws, giving his assent to eir acts of pretended legislation.

For quartering large bodies of a among us.

For protecting them, by a mock punishment for any murders which commit on the inhabitants of these sta

For cutting off our trade with all world.

For imposing taxes on us without For depriving us, in many cases, o of trial by jury.

For transporting us beyond seas to pretended offences.

For abolishing the free system of 1 in a neighboring province, establish an arbitrary government, and enlargi daries, so as to render it at once an fit instrument for introducing the sa rule into these colonies.

For taking away our charters, ab most valuable laws, and altering fu the forms of our governments.

For suspending our own legislatur claring themselves invested with pow late for us in all cases whatsoever.

He has abdicated government here ing us out of his protection, and w against us.

He has plundered our seas, ravaged burnt our towns, and destroyed the people.

He is at this time transporting larg foreign mercenaries to complete the death, desolation, and tyranny, alre with circumstances of cruelty and per

alleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally worthy the head of a civilized nation!

He has constrained our fellow-citizens, taken tive on the high seas, to bear arms against r country, become the executioners of their nds and brethren, or to fall themselves by ir hands.

He has excited domestic insurrections among and has endeavored to bring on the inhabi ts of our frontiers, the merciless Indian sava , whose known rule of warfare is an untinguished destruction of all ages, sexes, and ditions.

In every stage of these oppressions we have itioned for redress in the most humble terms; -repeated petitions have been answered only repeated injuries. A prince whose characte thus marked by every act which may define a ant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people. Nor have we been wanting in attention to our itish brethren. We have warned them from e to time of attempts by their legislature to tend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. e have reminded them of the circumstances of r emigration and settlement here. We have pealed to their native justice and magnanimity, d we have conjured them by the ties of our mmon kindred to disavow these usurpations, ich would inevitably interrupt our connection d correspondence. They too, have been deaf the voice of justice and consanguinity. We 1st therefore acquiesce in the necessity which nounces our separation, and hold them as we ld the rest of mankind, enemies in war, in ace, friends.

We, therefore, the representatives o States of America, in general congres appealing to the Supreme Judge of t the rectitude of our intentions, do, in and by the authority of the good peo colonies, solemnly publish and declare united colonies are, and of right o FREE AND INDEPENDENT

that they are absolved from all allegi British crown, and that all political between them and the state of Great and ought to be, totally dissolved; a free and independent states, they have to levy war, conclude peace, contrac establish commerce, and to do all oth things which independent states may o And for the support of this declarati firm reliance on the protection of Div dence, we mutually pledge to each lives, our fortunes, and our sacred hond