CONTENTS OF VOL. I.

CHAPTER I.

LINEAGE AND EARLY LIFE OF LORD CASTLEREAGH AND SIR CHARLES STEWART

-IRISH REBELLION AND UNION.

3. Character of the two brothers in childhood,

4. Striking anecdote of Charles Stewart,

5. He enters the army in 1791,

6. Superior interest of military to civil biography,

7. Character of the first Lord Londonderry,

8. Noble anecdote of Lord Castlereagh on Strangford Lough,

9. His early life at Cambridge,

10. His travels abroad, and first parliamentary contest,

11. Severe parliamentary contest in the county of Down,

Page

1

2

3

4

6

9

10

12

16

17

18

19

12. Lord Castlereagh enters the militia, and marries the daughter of the Earl

of Buckinghamshire,

15. Dangers of Ireland in 1793, and Lord Castlereagh's views on it,

16. Lord Castlereagh's views on the subject,

17, 18. Lord Castlereagh's views of the French war in 1793,

19. Value of the political opinions expressed in these letters,

20, 21. Lord Castlereagh's views of affairs in Ireland in 1794,

22. Changes in the Irish Government at this period, and appointment of

Lords Westmoreland and Fitzwilliam,

Camden,

24. Declaration of Earl Camden against further concessions,

25. Appointment of Lord Castlereagh as Keeper of the Seal,

23. Lord Fitzwilliam's liberal policy and his dismissal; succeeded by Lord

26. Origin of the Irish revolutionary troubles, and wretched former govern-

ment of the country,

27. Armed volunteers of 1782,

28. Organisation of the United Irishmen in 1791,

29. Real objects of this movement,

VOL. I.

38. First rising of the rebels in 1797,

40. Arrest of the Executive Committee,

41. Lord Edward Fitzgerald's arrest and death,

30. Division of Catholics and Protestants, and rise of Orangemen,

31. Great extent and organisation of the conspiracy,

32. Mission of Lord Edward Fitzgerald and Arthur O'Connor to Paris in

1797,

33. Objects of the conspirators,

34. Small regular forces of the Government,

35. Savage conduct of the Irish militia and volunteers,

36. Treaty between the Irish rebels and the French Government,

37. Renewed attempt of the French in 1797, and battle of Camperdown,

39. Violent designs and proceedings of the rebels,

42. Death of Lord Edward Fitzgerald and Captain Ryan, .

43. His character,

34

35

36

38

39

41

43

44

46

47

48

49

50

51

45. Reinforcements from England, and successes of the royal forces,

46. Battle of Vinegar Hill, .

52

54

55

56. Defeat of the British at Castlebar,

58. Good effects of this abortive invasion, .

47. Lord Castlereagh's humane injunctions to General Lake in regard to the

rebels,

48. Earl Camden is succeeded by Lord Cornwallis,

49-51. Lord Cornwallis's picture of the state of Ireland at this period,

52. Amuesty proposed by Lord Cornwallis and Lord Castlereagh,

53. Violence and passions of the extreme Protestant party in Dublin,

54. Efforts of Lords Cornwallis and Castlereagh on the side of mercy,

55. Landing of the French in Killala Bay,.

57. Surrender of the invaders to Lord Cornwallis,

56

58

59-61

62

63

64

65

67

68

69

61. Views of Lord Cornwallis and Lord Castlereagh on the Irish Govern-

ment,

75

76

63. Appointment of Lord Castlereagh as Secretary for Ireland, in lieu of Mr

Pelham,

78

64. Great difficulties of the duties with which he was charged,

80

66. Opposition to it in Dublin,

76. Views of the Catholics on the question,

65. Adaptation of Lord Castlereagh's character for the task,

67. Mr Pitt's views on the Union and Catholic emancipation,

68. Alarming opposition to the Union,

69-71. Articles of the proposed Union, and Lord Castlereagh's views regard-

ing it,

72. Importance of this memoir,

73. Trial and death of Wolfe Tone,

74. First movement towards the Union,

75. Rapid progress of the resistance to the Union,

77. General union of the Protestants against the measure,

78. Memoir by Lord Castlereagh on the subject,

79. Views of Government and Lord Castlereagh on Catholic emancipation, 95

81

82

83

83

85-87

88

88

90

91

92

92

93

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80. Increased resistance to the measure,

81. Lord Castlereagh's advice to Government on the language to be assumed

in bringing forward the measure,

96

98

82. The Union is passed in the British House,

83. The Union is rejected by the Irish Parliament,

99

100

84. Effect of this defeat on Mr Pitt, Lord Cornwallis, and Lord Castle-

85. The English Government resolves to persevere,

101

103

86. The rejection of the Union strengthens Lord Castlereagh's views against

immediate emancipation,

103

87. He continues to assist the determination of Government on the subject, 105

88. Efforts of the Opposition during the recess,

94. Naval preparations of the French for the invasion of Ireland,

113

95. Changes in the project of Union at the instance of Lord Castlereagh,

115

96. The measure is carried in the Irish House,

116

97. Treasonable efforts of the Opposition, and dismissal of Lord Down-

shire,

117

98. Fresh difficulties in the way,

118

99. Increasing difficulties attending the measure, which is at length passed,

100. Its reception in Parliament and the country,

101. Difficulties on the part of Government in the creation of peerages,

102. Its settlement by concession of Ministers,

103. Difficulty in regard to the Catholic claims,

123

126

127

128

130

132

107. Illness of the King, which precludes all further discussion of the Catho-

lic claims at this time,

134

108. Lord Hardwicke, the new Lord-Lieutenant,

135

109. Patriotic conduct of Lord Cornwallis and Lord Castlereagh,

111. Lord Hardwicke succeeds Lord Cornwallis in Dublin, and Lord Castle-

reagh remains in London,

138

112. Obloquy to which Lord Castlereagh was exposed from the magnitude of

his public services,

139

CHAPTER II.

LORD CASTLEREAGH, FROM HIS RESIGNATION OF OFFICE IN IRELAND IN 1801, TO

THE ACCESSION OF THE WHIGS TO POWER IN APRIL 1806.

13. Which was eminently characteristic of Lord Castlereagh,

14. His views for the adjustment of tithes,

15. Returns relating to the Roman Catholic clergy,

16. His plan for endowing the clergy,

155

17-21. Lord Castlereagh's memoir on the Defence of Ireland,

155-159

25. Lord Castlereagh's appointment as President of the Board of Control,

26. Critical situation of Great Britain at this time,

164

165

27. And of India,

166

28. His memoir on the relations of France and England in 1802,

29. Negotiations previous to renewal of the war,

167

169

30. His memorandum to the Cabinet on the negotiation with France,

31. Grounds stated by Lord Castlereagh for renewing the war,

170

172

32. Lord Castlereagh's early intimacy and cordiality with Lord Wellesley,

33. The assistance he rendered him with the Court of Directors,

34. His success with the Directors in regard to Lord Wellesley's measures,

35. Threatened reduction of the army,

173

174

176

177

36. Lord Wellesley's testimony to his discharge of the duties of President of

the Board of Control,

178

37. His disinterested conduct in public appointments,

180

38. Lord Castlereagh's opinion of Lord Wellesley,

180

39. Lord Castlereagh's diplomatic intercourse with Persia,

40. Lord Castlereagh's acknowledgment of Lord Wellesley's conduct and

45. Great difficulty in the way of forming a coalition against France,

46. Mr Pitt's treaties with Austria and Russia,

50. Efforts of Britain to engage Prussia in the alliance by sending an army

to Germany,

51. Lord Castlereagh's military measures,

52. The British expedition lands under favourable circumstances,

53. Battle of Austerlitz, and change of Prussia's policy,

54. Return of the British expedition largely reinforced from Hanover,

55. Great views of foreign war now formed by Lord Castlereagh,

59. Change of Ministry, and accession of the Whigs to power,

60. Mr Fox in vain endeavours to make peace,

204

206

61. Failure of the warlike expeditions of the Whig Government,

206

62. Fall of the Whig Cabinet, and return of Lord Castlereagh to power,

CHAPTER III.

LORD CASTLEREAGH, FROM HIS RESTORATION TO THE WAR OFFICE IN APRIL 1807,
TO HIS RESIGNATION OF IT IN SEPTEMBER 1809.

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1. New Tory Administration, in which Lord Castlereagh is again Secretary

for War,

212

213

2. Treaties in consequence concluded with the Allied powers,

3. But the succour is promised too late to save from Friedland and Tilsit,

4. The secret articles of Tilsit become known to the British Ministry,

5. Copenhagen expedition, and capture of the Danish fleet,

6. Great impression produced by this stroke in Europe,

7. Arguments of Opposition against the expedition,

8-10. Lord Castlereagh's answer,

11. Vindication of the Copenhagen expedition furnished by Napoleon to his

historians,

214

216

218

219

220

221-223

12. Judicious placing of the British army, after Copenhagen, in Sweden,

13. Lord Castlereagh's plan of an attack on South America,

224

226

227

14. His plan for detaching it from the Spanish Crown,

228

15. His early conferences regarding it with Sir A. Wellesley,

229

16. Lord Castlereagh's plans in regard to South America,

230

17. The success of the Copenhagen expedition hastens Junot's march to

Lisbon,

21. Lord Castlereagh's system for supplying the army with troops and the

237

25. Great success of Lord Castlereagh's measures for recruiting the army,

26. Breaking-out of the Spanish war,

242

243

27. Lord Castlereagh's disposition of the land force and transports of Great

Britain for active operations,

244

28. His projected operation against Boulogne,

245

29. Which is abandoned, and an expedition to Portugal is resolved on,

30. Portugal is selected as the battle-field by Lord Castlereagh,

33. Convention of Cintra, which, in the circumstances, was expedient,

34. Advance of Sir John Moore into Spain,

253

255

35. Great effects of Sir J. Moore's advance against Soult,

256

36. Lord Castlereagh disapproves of the abandonment of Spain by the British

army,

257

37. Lord Castlereagh's instructions to Moore and Baird for the disposal of

the army, which retreated to Corunna,

38. Lord Castlereagh resolves to persevere in the Peninsular contest,

260