Lives of Lord Castlereagh and Sir Charles Stewart, the Second and Third Marquesses of Londonderry: With Annals of Contemporary Events in which They Bore a Part ...

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W. Blackwood and Sons, 1861

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Advance of Sir A Wellesley to the Douro
20
Appointment of Lord Castlereagh as Keeper of the Seal
25
Advance to Talavera and preparations for a battle there
26
Armed volunteers of 1782
32
Division of Catholics and Protestants and rise of Orangemen
34
Great extent and organisation of the conspiracy
35
Cuesta abandons the British wounded 349
37
Objects of the conspirators
38
Small regular forces of the Government
39
Savage conduct of the Irish militia and volunteers
41
Treaty between the Irish rebels and the French Government
43
Renewed attempt of the French in 1797 and battle of Camperdown
44
First rising of the rebels in 1797
46
Violent designs and proceedings of the rebels
47
Arrest of the Executive Committee
48
Lord Edward Fitzgeralds arrest and death
49
Death of Lord Edward Fitzgerald and Captain Ryan
50
His character
51
Breaking out of the rebellion
52
Reinforcements from England and successes of the royal forces
54
Battle of Vinegar Hill
55
Lord Castlereaghs humane injunctions to General Lake in regard to the rebels
56
Earl Camden is succeeded by Lord Cornwallis
58
4951 Lord Cornwalliss picture of the state of Ireland at this period 5961
59
Amnesty proposed by Lord Cornwallis and Lord Castlereagh
62
Violence and passions of the extreme Protestant party in Dublin
63
Efforts of Lords Cornwallis and Castlereagh on the side of mercy
64
Landing of the French in Killala Bay
65
27
67
Surrender of the invaders to Lord Cornwallis
68
Good effects of this abortive invasion
69
Results of the rebellion
72
Renewed dangers of French invasion
73
Views of Lord Cornwallis and Lord Castlereagh on the Irish Govern ment
75
Mr Pitts projects for pacifying Ireland
76
Appointment of Lord Castlereagh as Secretary for Ireland in lieu of Mr Pelham
78
Great difficulties of the duties with which he was charged
80
Adaptation of Lord Castlereaghs character for the task
81
Opposition to it in Dublin
82
Mr Pitts views on the Union and Catholic emancipation
83
6971 Articles of the proposed Union and Lord Castlereaghs views regard ing it 8587
85
Importance of this memoir
88
First movement towards the Union
90
Rapid progress of the resistance to the Union
91
Views of the Catholics on the question
92
Memoir by Lord Castlereagh on the subject
93
Views of Government and Lord Castlereagh on Catholic emancipation
95
Increased resistance to the measure
96
Lord Castlereaghs advice to Government on the language to be assumed in bringing forward the measure
98
The Union is passed in the British House
99
The Union is rejected by the Irish Parliament
100
Effect of this defeat on Mr Pitt Lord Cornwallis and Lord Castle reagh
101
The English Government resolves to persevere
103
He continues to assist the determination of Government on the subject
105
Efforts of the Opposition during the recess
106
Renewed preparations of French for invading Ireland
107
Disturbed and alarming state of the island
108
Military force in Ireland at this time
110
Increasing difficulties with the militia and yeomanry
112
Naval preparations of the French for the invasion of Ireland
113
Changes in the project of Union at the instance of Lord Castlereagh
115
The measure is carried in the Irish House
116
Treasonable efforts of the Opposition and dismissal of Lord Down shire
118
Increasing difficulties attending the measure which is at length passed
120
Its reception in Parliament and the country
122
Difficulties on the part of Government in the creation of peerages
123
Its settlement by concession of Ministers
126
Difficulty in regard to the Catholic claims
127
Increased difficulties attending the Catholic question
128
Difficulties of the King and Cabinet on the subject
130
Mr Pitts views on the occasion
132
Illness of the King which precludes all further discussion of the Catho lic claims at this time
134
Lord Hardwicke the new LordLieutenant
135
Beneficial effects of the Union
137
Lord Hardwicke succeeds Lord Cornwallis in Dublin and Lord Castle reagh remains in London
138
Obloquy to which Lord Castlereagh was exposed from the magnitude of his public services
139
CHAPTER II
141
24 His measures in Parliament regarding Ireland 142
142
Woeful picture of Ireland by the Earl of Clare
145
S Page 6 Lord Castlereaghs able memoir on the Catholic claims
147
Which was eminently characteristic of Lord Castlereagh
152
Returns relating to the Roman Catholic clergy
154
His plan for endowing the clergy
155
Renewed insurrection
160
Death of ChiefJustice Kilwarden
162
Trial and execution of Emmett
163
Lord Castlereaghs appointment as President of the Board of Control
164
Critical situation of Great Britain at this time
165
And of India
166
His memoir on the relations of France and England in 1802
167
Negotiations previous to renewal of the war
169
His memorandum to the Cabinet on the negotiation with France
170
Grounds stated by Lord Castlereagh for renewing the war
172
Lord Castlereaghs early intimacy and cordiality with Lord Wellesley
173
The assistance he rendered him with the Court of Directors
174
33
175
His success with the Directors in regard to Lord Wellesleys measures
176
Threatened reduction of the army
178
His disinterested conduct in public appointments
180
Lord Castlereaghs opinion of Lord Wellesley
181
Lord Castlereaghs acknowledgment of Lord Wellesleys conduct and promotions on the Mahratta war
183
Change of Ministry and return of Mr Pitt to office
184
Forces of Great Britain to resist invasion at this time
186
His plan for the destruction of the Boulogne flotilla
187
Mr Pitts foreign policy at this time
188
Great difficulty in the way of forming a coalition against France
189
Mr Pitts treaties with Austria and Russia
190
Terms of the last treaty of alliance
191
To which Austria at length accedes
192
Negotiations of France and England with Prussia
193
Efforts of Britain to engage Prussia in the alliance by sending an army to Germany
194
Lord Castlereaghs military measures
195
The British expedition lands under favourable circumstances
196
Battle of Austerlitz and change of Prussias policy
197
282
199
Magnitude of Lord Castlereaghs propositions already made
201
Peace of Presburg
203
Death of Mr Pitt
204
Mr Fox in vain endeavours to make peace
206
Fall of the Whig Cabinet and return of Lord Castlereagh to power
209
for War
212
Treaties in consequence concluded with the Allied powers
213
But the succour is promised too late to save from Friedland and Tilsit
214
31
216
Copenhagen expedition and capture of the Danish fleet
218
Great impression produced by this stroke in Europe
219
Arguments of Opposition against the expedition
220
810 Lord Castlereaghs answer 221223
221
Vindication of the Copenhagen expedition furnished by Napoleon to his historians
225
Judicious placing of the British army after Copenhagen in Sweden
226
Lord Castlereaghs plan of an attack on South America
227
His plan for detaching it from the Spanish Crown
228
His early conferences regarding it with Sir A Wellesley
229
Lord Castlereaghs plans in regard to South America
230
The success of the Copenhagen expedition hastens Junots march to Lisbon
232
The Prince Regent of Portugal and fleet sail for Brazil
233
Great naval force at the disposal of Napoleon
234
32
235
State of the land forces
236
Lord Castlereaghs system for supplying the army with troops and the defence of the country
238
Advantages of the ballot for the local militia
239
True principles on the subject for Great Britain
240
Great success of Lord Castlereaghs measures for recruiting the army
242
Breakingout of the Spanish war
243
Lord Castlereaghs disposition of the land force and transports of Great Britain for active operations
244
His projected operation against Boulogne
245
Portugal is selected as the battlefield by Lord Castlereagh
247
Choice of a Commanderinchief
249
Landing of the expedition and battle of Vimeira
251
Convention of Cintra which in the circumstances was expedient
253
Advance of Sir John Moore into Spain
255
Great effects of Sir J Moores advance against Soult
256
Lord Castlereagh disapproves of the abandonment of Spain by the British army
257
Lord Castlereaghs instructions to Moore and Baird for the disposal of the army which retreated to Corunna
259
Lord Castlereagh resolves to persevere in the Peninsular contest
260
country
262
His plan for increasing the regular army
263
Which is with one modification adopted by Government
266
Difficulties regarding Sir John Cradock in Portugal
267
Lord Castlereaghs instructions to Sir A Wellesley
269
Force collected in Portugal under Sir A Wellesley
270
Lord Castlereaghs and Napoleons opposite plan of operations
271
Complete discomfiture of Napoleons left naval wing by Lord Castle reagh
272
Extreme difficulty of getting specie in the Peninsula and Lord Castle reaghs efforts to obtain it
273
Strange proposition of Marshal Soult which is declined by Castlereagh and Sir A Wellesley
274
Lord Castlereagh on the passage of the Douro
276
Lord Castlereagh authorises the British advance into Spain
277
Lord Castlereaghs striking speech in Parliament on the battle of Talavera
278
Lord Castlereaghs measures for the defence of Portugal
280
Lord Castlereagh had divined for long the naval projects of France against Great Britain
281
Lord Castlereaghs plan to defeat Napoleons naval confederacy
282
Plan of the Walcheren expedition vast importance of it
284
Reasons for preferring the Scheldt to the Peninsula
285
Lord Castlereaghs early Cabinet Memorandum regarding a Walcheren expedition in 1807 and 1808
287
The Cabinet hesitates and requires the opinion of military men on the subject
289
Great delay of the Cabinet in making up their mind on the subject
290
Immense force employed at last on the expedition
291
French forces there and defenceless state of Antwerp
292
Lord Castlereaghs instructions to Lord Chatham for the conduct of the expedition
293
The troops at length embark and reach the coast of Holland
295
First successes
296
Ruinous halt of the British army to besiege Flushing which is taken
298
Steps and letters of Napoleon on hearing of the expedition
299
Napoleons plan of defence of the Scheldt
300
Ease with which Antwerp might have been taken at first and even after the fall of Flushing
302
Arrival of the British at Batz and abandonment of the advance
303
Rejoicings at Antwerp and vainglorious boasting of Bernadotte
304
Rapid and fatal progress of the Walcheren fever which compels the eva cuation of the island
305
Cause of the failure of the expedition
306
Great dissatisfaction in England at the failure of the expedition
308
Intrigue in the Cabinet to overturn Lord Castlereagh
309
Lord Castlereagh challenges Mr Canning who is wounded and they both resign
311
Mr Cannings conduct was unjustifiable though the duel was equally so
312
The French forces unite and again approach Talavera
341
Tagus
350
Noble conduct of Sir A Wellesley
351
Continued disasters of the Spaniards and retreat of the British into the valley of the Guadiana
352
Return of General Stewart on leave to England
353
General Stewarts exposition of Sir A Wellesleys plans
354
Thanks of the House of Commons to General Stewart
356
General Stewarts answer
357
He is made a Knight of the Bath
358
CHAPTER V
359
Disasters in Spain which had led to the new position taken by Wellington
360
Improved condition of the British army
361
Lord Wellingtons position and prospects at this time
362
Desponding feelings in the army
363
Siege and capture of Ciudad Rodrigo by the French
364
Unsuccessful skirmish of advanced posts
366
Severe fight with Craufurds division
367
Results of the combat and siege of Almeida
368
Siege and fall of Almeida
369
Gloomy aspect of affairs in the British army
371
Political difficulties of Wellingtons situation
372
Massena by Napoleons positive orders invades Portugal
373
Approach of both armies to Busaco
374
Massena is goaded on to attack
376
Defeat of the attack on the British left
377
Results of the battle on both sides
378
Great service of Sir Charles Stewart in this battle
379
Massena turns the British position
380
Improved health and spirits of the troops
392
Wretched condition of the French army
393
Wellingtons difficulties
394
Firmness of Wellington at this juncture
395
Napoleons plan for a fresh invasion of Portugal
396
Massenas difficulties as to crossing the Tagus
397
Great successes of Soult in Estremadura
398
Napoleons order to Massena at this period
399
Operations of the French and English for crossing the Tagus
400
Massenas retreat
401
First operations of Wellington in pursuit
403
Desperate attack of the French on the centre and right
404
Continuance of the retreat
405
Continuance of the retreat across the Ceira
406
Difficulties of the pursuit
407
State of the French army when it reentered Spain
409
Material losses of the French army during the campaign
410
CHAPTER VI
412
Wellingtons movements to regain Badajos
413
Wellington undertakes the siege of Badajos
414
Position of the troops covering the blockade of Almeida
415
Description of Fuentes dOnore
416
Massenas reasons for resuming the offensive
417
Necessity of relieving Almeida and Badajos
418
Attack of Massena on Fuentes dOnore
419
Arrival of the Imperial Guard and renewal of the battle
421
Preparations for battle on the 5th by Wellington
422
Desperate conflict in Fuentes dOnore
424
Massena retreats without a further attack
425
Lord Londonderrys reflections on this battle
426
This was a turningpoint in Sir Charles Stewarts fortunes
427
Massenas orders to Brennier to evacuate Almeida
428
Blowing up of Almeida and escape of Brennier
429
Wellington despatches troops and stores for Estremadura
431
Operations for the first siege of Badajos
432
Progress of the siege which is suspended
433
Forces on both sides
434
Description of the field of battle
435
Battle of Albuera
436
Gallant attack of Stewarts division
437
Gallant advance of Houghtons brigade
438
Glorious charge of the Fusilier brigade under Cole which regains the day
439
Victory of the British
440
Results of the battle
441
Soult retires to Llerena and Beresford resumes the siege of Badajos
442
Siegetrain of Wellington and stores
443
Description of Badajos
444
Commencement of the siege
445
Repulse of the storm of Fort St Christoval
446
A second assault on Fort Christoval is resolved on
447
Raising of the siege and forces on both sides
448
Improved situation of Wellington 387
449
The French generals decline the conflict
450
Habits of the army when in these cantonments
451
Movement of the army to new cantonments on the Tagus its reinforce ment and plan of operations
452
Ciudad Rodrigo is revictualled and Wellington establishes a distant blockade
453
Wellingtons preparations and advance of the enemy who relieve Ciudad Rodrigo
455
Approach to El Bodon
456
Glorious cavalry action under Alten and Sir Charles Stewart
457
Retreat of the British to Guinaldo and their dangerous position
458
Splendid appearance of the French army here collected
459
Marmont declines battle
460
Retreat of the British and its reasons
461
The French decline the conflict
462
The French go into winterquarters
463
Wellingtons projects at this time
464
Wellington approaches Ciudad Rodrigo
466
Investment of Ciudad Rodrigo and its difficulties
467
Wellington resolves on an attack on the place
469
Storm of the greater Teson
470
The rampart is breached from a distance
472
A practicable breach is made
473
Plan of the assault
474
Aspect of the trenches before the assault
476
The assault of the place
477
Fearful disorders after the place was taken
478
Great results of this conquest
479
Return to Britain of Sir Charles Stewart and death of Lady Stewart
480
CHAPTER VII
482
Regency question
483
35 Lord Castlereaghs speech in support of the restrictions 484
484
Ferment in the country against the Peninsular war
487
711 Lord Castlereaghs speech on the Spanish war of 1809 488493
488
Growing despondence on the Peninsular war in the country
494
Grounds of Lord Castlereagh and Wellingtons confidence in the war in the Peninsula
495
Immense difficulty of getting specie for the British army
497
Appointment of the Bullion Committee
498
Bullion Report
499
Mr Vansittarts counterresolutions
500
1829 Lord Castlereaghs argument against the Bullion Report 501512
501
Result of the debate
512
Reflections on this speech
513
What if the report of the committee had been adopted
514
Lord Castlereaghs speech on the battle of Albuera 515
515
Great distress in Great Britain at this time
517
The Orders in Council issued by the British Government
518
Their disastrous effects in Great Britain
519
Effect of the American Nonintercourse Act
520
Events which led to Lord Castlereagh being appointed Foreign Secretary
521
Debate on the Orders in Council
523
4244 Lord Castlereaghs reply 524526
524
Repeal of the Orders in Council
525
Situation of Europe when Lord Castlereagh returned to power
528
Great change produced by Lord Castlereaghs accession to office
529
Forces of Great Britain at this time and their distribution
530
efforts to increase it
531
Lord Castlereaghs cautious policy as to Italy
533
Diplomatic relations with Russia
534
Treaty between Russia and Turkey
535
Lord Castlereaghs efforts to effect a treaty between Sweden and Russia
537
Peace with Sweden on condition of her getting Norway
538
Chances of the approaching Russian campaign
539
Alexanders half promise of the throne of France to Bernadotte
541
CHAPTER VIII
542
Situation of Germany and treaties with Prussia at this period by Great Britain
543
Sir Charles Stewarts important services with the Government
544
Requirements of a diplomatic envoy to the Court of Prussia
545
Situation of the French and Allied armies at this period
546
Lord Walpoles secret mission to Vienna and views of Austria at this period
548
Schwartzenbergs mission to Paris
549
Conference of Maret and Schwartzenberg
550
Aspect of affairs at Vienna
551
Secret negotiation between Austria and the King of Saxony
552
Secret negotiation with Bavaria
553
Napoleons proposals to Austria
554
Conclusion of this conference
556
Answer of Metternich to Napoleons proposals to Austria
557
Positions of the French and Allied armies at this period when Sir Charles Stewart joined the Allied headquarters
558
Forces of Napoleon
559
Forces and positions of the Allies
561
Sir Charles Stewarts first steps in Germany
563
State of affairs at Dresden on Sir Charless arrival
564
Interview of Sir Charles Stewart with the King of Prussia
566
Death of Kutusoff and forward movement of the Allies towards Leipsic
567
New commercial tariff and conclusion of a treaty of alliance with Russia and Prussia
568
Mutual advance of the opposite armies
569
Combat of Weissenfels and death of Bessières
570
Movements before battle of Lützen
571
Battle of Lützen
573
Leipsic is carried by the French
576
Success of the Allies on the French right and desperate conflicts there
577
Crisis of the battle which turns to the advantage of the French
578
The Allies resolve to retreat and Bluchers nocturnal irruptions into Marmonts lines
580
Results of the battle and forces on both sides
581
Retreat of the Allies to Dresden
583
its strategic advantages
584
Evacuation of Dresden by the Allies and its entry by the French
585
Passage of the Elbe by the French
586
The King of Saxony is reconciled to Napoleon
587
Bolder tone assumed with the Cabinet of Vienna
588
Metternichs proposals on hearing of the battle of Lützen
589
Metternichs proposals for a general peace
590
Which are repudiated with scorn by Napoleon
591
Napoleons change of plan in consequence of this discovery
592
Napoleons immense preparations for the prosecution of the war
593
His measures to augment the reserve on the Rhine
594
His vast measures for fortifying and strengthening the Elbe
595
Force and position of the Allies at Bautzen
596
Advance and composition of the French army
597
Opening of a direct negotiation between France and Russia
598
Combat of Königswartha and defeat of the French
599
Description of the field of battle by Sir Charles Stewart
600
French force and plan of attack
601
Commencement of the battle and progress of the French on the Allied left
602
Progress of the action on the Allied right and centre
603
Renewal of the battle on the day following
604
Decisive attack of Ney with the French left wing on the Allied right
605
Final and decisive attack of Ney and Marmont upon Blucher
606
Napoleons movements in pursuit of the Allies
607
Combats during the retreat
608
Death of Duroc
609
Napoleons last conversation with him
610
Continuation of the retreat and combat at Haynau
611
The Allies move towards Bohemia
612
Reasons which led both parties at this period to desire an armistice
613
Reasons against it but it is at length concluded
614
An armistice is agreed to by both parties
615
Further discussions of Napoleon direct with Austria
617
Conclusion of the armistice of Pleswitz
618
Thierss reflections on this armistice
619
Review of the Allied army
620
CHAPTER IX
622
Sincerity of Austria and her views
623
Great advantages which this state of affairs gave to Napoleon
624
Lord Castlereaghs view of the alliance
625
Importance of Bernadotte to the alliance
626
His equivocal attitude towards the Allies
627
Sir Charles Stewarts account of him in his published work
629
His private correspondence on the subject
630
His real views and designs
632
His real and secret views at this period
635
State of negotiations at Prague
636
Napoleons line of policy in consequence
637
Preliminary difficulties in point of form stated by France
638
The Emperor Francis comes to Gitschin in Bohemia and Metternich to Dresden
639
Explicit explanation between Metternich and Nesselrode
640
Signature of the Treaty of June 15 by England Russia and Prussia
641
Sir Charles Stewarts efforts with Bernadotte renewed
643
Interview of Metternich with the Allied sovereigns
644
Napoleon invites M de Metternich to Dresden
645
Interview of Metternich with Maret
646
Interview of Metternich with Napoleon
647
Metternichs answer 648
648
Conferences continued 651
651
Great sensation produced by this interview
653
Renewal of the conference between Metternich and Maret
654
News of the battle of Vitoria and its great effect
656
Napoleons reasons for fixing on the Elbe as his line of defence
657
Napoleons measure for fortifying the Elbe at Koenigstein and Dresden
658
His works at Torgau Wittenberg and Magdeburg
659
His measures regarding Hamburg and Werben
660
Immense exactions of Davoust at Hamburg
661
Forces which Napoleon had collected by the middle of August
662
Plan of operations agreed on by the Allies at Trachenberg
663
Forces of the Allies at the resumption of hostilities
664
Position of the British army after the battle
666
Treacherous attack on the free corps of Lutzow and the poet Körner
672
Napoleon goes to Mayence to meet the Empress
678
Napoleon tries in vain to engage Austria in a further secret negotiation
684
Difficulties about a commanderinchief
690

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Side 136 - Majesty's service, considering this line of conduct as most likely to contribute to its ultimate success. The Catholic body will, therefore, see how much their future hopes must depend upon strengthening their cause by good conduct.
Side 255 - I believe, so far advanced as we should and ought to have been on the night of the 21st. ' I assure you, my dear Lord, matters are not prospering here ; and I feel an earnest desire to quit the army. I have been too successful with this army ever to serve with it in a subordinate situation, with satisfaction to the person who shall command it, and of course not to myself. However, I shall do whatever the Government may wish.
Side 56 - I consider the rebels as now in your power, and I feel assured that your treatment of them will be such as shall make them sensible of their crimes, as well as of the authority of Government. It would be unwise, and contrary, I know, to your own feelings, to drive the wretched people, who are mere instruments in the hands of the more wicked, to despair. The leaders are just objects of punishment...
Side 225 - An English officer of literary celebrity was employed by Alexander, or those who were supposed to share his most secret councils, to convey to the British ministry the emperor's expressions of the secret satisfaction which his Imperial Majesty felt, at the skill and dexterity which Britain had displayed in anticipating and preventing the purposes of France, by her attack upon Copenhagen. Her ministers were invited to communicate freely with the czar, as with a prince, who, though obliged to give...
Side 191 - The evacuation of the country of Hanover, and of the north of Germany. 2. The establishment of the independence of the republics of Holland and Switzerland. 3. The re-establishment of the King of Sardinia in Piedmont, with as large an augmentation of territory as circumstances will admit.
Side 45 - Lord * * * *, where the company consisted of Mr. Fox, Mr. Sheridan, and several other distinguished Whigs, — all persons who had been known to concur warmly in every step of the popular cause in Ireland, and to whom, if Lord Edward did not give some intimation of the object of his present journey, such an effort of reserve and secrecy was, I must say, very unusual in his character.
Side 252 - I shall be obliged to leave Spencer's guns behind for want of means of moving them ; and I should have been obliged to leave my own, if it were not for the horses of the Irish commissariat. Let nobody ever prevail upon you to send a corps to any part of Europe, without horses to draw their guns.
Side 136 - The leading part of his Majesty's ministers, finding insurmountable obstacles to the bringing forward measures of concession to the Catholic body whilst in office, have felt it impossible to continue in administration under the inability to propose it with the circumstances necessary to...
Side 77 - I have seen Mr. Pitt, the Chancellor, and the Duke of Portland, who seem to feel very sensibly the critical situation of our damnable country, and that the Union alone can save it.
Side 368 - Commander-inChief down to the regimental subaltern, occasionally enjoyed the field-sports of hunting, shooting, and fishing. The men, too, had their pastimes, when not employed on duty. In a word, seldom has an army, occupying ground in the face of its enemy, enjoyed so many hours of relaxation, or contrived to unite so completely the pleasures of country life with the serious business of war. It is probably needless to add, that so great a show of security in their leader had the best possible effect...

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