to go to Gorcum, but that she should send Elsje, and she desired that some soldiers might be sent to carry down the chest to the ferryboat. They came, and on lifting it grumbled out that it was so heavy that the Arminian himself must be in it. "Not the Arminian," called out the lady from the bed, " only heavy Arminian books." And away it went. Four times on the way down the stairs and through the thirteen doors did the soldiers recur to the notion that the prisoner was in the chest, but Elsje was always ready with a jest. Even on the wharf a soldier's wife told a story of a criminal who had been carried out in a box. if a criminal why not a lawyer?" she said. "And A soldier said he would get a gimblet and pierce a hole into the Arminian. "Then it must be long enough to reach the top of the castle, where he lies asleep," answered the maid. Madame Deventer was asked if she would inspect the chest, but hearing that her husband had left off doing so, she declined, and Elsje saw the box safely on board and lashed. She sat down by it, putting her white handkerchief on her head as a signal to her mistress, but she had to explain her proceeding by saying it was a token to a fellow servant who had dared her to cross the Waal in such weather. Then an officer sat down on the chest, and began drumming on it and kicking his heels against it, so that Elsje, dreading that this might kill her master outright, had to beg him to spare the valuable porcelain which she invented for the occasion. She had to insist vehemently and pay ten stivers before she could get her charge taken out of the vessel, and driven in a hand-barrow through the midst of the fair. Some slight movement of the prisoner made the man who was driving it say "You have something alive there." 66 "Yes," said Elsje, "Arminian books are always full of life and spirit." She got them through the crowd, and landed her chest at last in a back room, whence, after paying her bearers, she hurried to the shop and whispered to the mistress "I have got my master here in your back room. The poor Vrow Daatselaer turned as white as a sheet, and commanded her limbs with difficulty as she tottered to the room, where Elsje knocked at the chest and called her master. There was no answer, and the two women both began to lament him as dead, but at that moment Grotius gave a hearty rap, and cried out “ Open the chest." Elsje unlocked it, and he struggled out in his white garments, like a corpse from a coffin. The good woman opened a trap-door, and took them to another chamber, where, as Grotius was faint and cramped, she gave him a glass of wine, and then hurried off, frightened but staunch, to tell her husband, and try to bring him to her unbidden guest. CAMEO IX. Escape of Grotius. 1621. CAMEO IX. Escape of Grotius. 1621. Daatselaer, however, would not come, saying that if he were examined it would be safer for all if he had never seen the fugitive and knew nothing about him. So his wife betook herself to her brother-in-law, Heer van den Veen, a clothier, and brought him back with her to Grotius, who was sitting very cold in his linen garments, for she had not recollected to bring him a cloak before rushing off. The clothier after a few words with him went in search of John Lamberten, an honest Lutheran mason, and told him that there was a good deed to be done and that he alone could do it, bidding him bring a working bricklayer's dress to Mynheer Daatselaer's. The disguise was far too small and short for the stately figure of Grotius; and his delicate student-hands, and prison-bleached complexion were not very like those of a Dutch mason, but these were as far as possible disguised with mortar and dust, and with a hat slouched over his face he passed through the market behind Lamberten, who brought him to the ferry across the Merevede. There was much difficulty in getting taken across in the bad weather, but Lamberten protested that he had a large contract depending on his getting to Altona, and the clothier who had met them there also insisted, and thus at a high price obtained a passage. Van den Veen went back, but Lamberten saw Grotius to Waalwyk, where a waggon was hired for him to go on to Antwerp, the first place of safety for him. Lamberten had told the waggoner that he was a bankrupt fleeing from his creditors, and he showed himself so ignorant of the value of coin, and so much puzzled about small change, that the man declared that it was no wonder he was bankrupt ! At Antwerp Grotius was safe on the Spanish territory, and thence he wrote letters declaring his undying loyalty to the Dutch Republic, which he proved by not accepting the offices that the Archduke Albert would have given him, but repairing to Paris, where the Court had always been friendly to Barneveldt. Meanwhile the governor had come back to Lowestein and went to see his prisoner. There he found the lady smiling. "Here is the cage," she said, 66 but your bird has flown!" After hotly abusing and threatening her, Deventer hurried off to Gorcum, and made the Daatselaers show him the box, where he only found the big Testament and the other stuffing. The brave lady was released at the end of a fortnight, and rejoined her husband, and the equally valiant Elsje married their faithful servant. The Arminians were meantime severely persecuted, their ministers and professors were deprived, and those who demurred at the decisions of the Council of Dordrecht were fined and imprisoned. Certainly they were not burnt, but otherwise they might almost as well have lived under the Duke of Alva. JAMES had promised, on leaving his native kingdom, that he would pay | CAMEO X. it a visit once in every three years, but he had hitherto found this Church. impossible. The Scots were too poor to maintain his Court according The Scottish to his present notions, and he had not a sufficient stock of ready money in hand to go on a progress at his own expense. Still his presence was much wanted in Scotland. His Bishops were starving. The former Tulchan bishops had been fain to content themselves with what was left to them after they had been squeezed by the nobles; but the lords temporal had learnt to help themselves, and were by no means disposed to grant anything to the men whose episcopal rights they did not own, so that personal greed, national feeling, and schismatic prejudice were all enlisted on one side. Even the Archbishop of St. Andrew's, Primate of Scotland, had hardly wherewithal to live. In 1615, John Spottiswoode was translated from Glasgow to this see. In the days of robbery, a fund had been appropriated from the estates of this diocese to maintain the garrison of Edinburgh Castle, and James had directed that this should be restored; but the captain of the garrison refused to give up a certain revenue for that which would be uncertain—namely, the rent paid by the tenants on the royal estates, and the Council declared that the grant could only be revoked in Parliament. The King therefore could only give the charge on his rents, and this, in bad seasons, came to nothing. Whenever, indeed, the King tried to endow the unfortunate Bishoprics out of the lands of the abbeys that had fallen to the share of the Crown, he was told that they were otherwise appropriated, and some he had put out of his own power, such as the great abbey of Aberbrothock, one of the richest in Scotland, which he had granted to the Marquess of| CAMEO X. Hamilton, who refused to endow-not a Bishopric-but two poor little Impoverish- parishes out of it. Out of the see of Moray he had given large estates, including Spynie Castle, perched on an island in a loch, the residence of the Bishops, to his comrade, Alexander Lindsay, at the time of his voyage to Norway, when the idea of a princely episcopacy had never dawned on him. ment of Scottish Sees. Alexander called himself Lord Spynie, and was not very ready to surrender his spoils; however the new Bishop was himself a Lindsay, and the matter was compounded by a bond engaging that he should have due compensation. Soon after, Lord Spynie was slain while walking in the streets of Edinburgh with his cousin, the heir of the head of the house, commonly called the "Wicked Master of Crawford." This ferocious nobleman had slain another kinsman, Sir Walter Lindsay, whose nephews, meaning to take vengeance on the murderer, fell on the two gentlemen in the dark in the High Street of Edinburgh, and unfortunately mistook Lord Spynie for the "Wicked Master." The guardian of the orphan children gave the unfortunate Bishop much trouble about the bond, and the see lost the estate, though young Lord Spynie did not succeed in keeping it. The Bishop of Caithness was sorely distressed by the earl of that ilk; and the Bishop of the Isles, who was supposed to keep the King's peace, was actually expelled from Islay Castle by two robber chiefs, Angus and Ranald Oig; and the Bishop of Orkney, was in little better case, Patrick Stewart, Earl of Orkney, being a regular sea-king, who had fortified the cathedral as well as the castle of Kirkwall. Meantime, the missionary spirit which had been born of the counter Reformation, which was reconquering Styria and Hungary, winning back the French Huguenots, and sending Garnet, Greenway, and Campion to England, did not fail to work in Scotland. And there was much territory already Roman Catholic, for whole clans of Highlanders remained constant to the old faith, and so did many of the nobles and gentlemen, especially such as had gone to France for promotion, though since England had been thrown open to the Scots, this foreign influence had begun to decay. The old national liturgy of Aberdeen was no longer used, but the Roman Missal and Breviary were adopted by Scottish Romanists, who could far more justly claim to be the righteous remnant than could their brethren in England. Their clergy were men of ability, and they met the Reformers on their own ground by putting forth Devotions and hymns in their native tongue. One of these hymns, by F. B. P., probably intended as an imitation or free translation from the rhythm of St. Bernard of Cluny, is to be found, much changed and abbreviated, in Hymns Ancient and Modern, as "Jerusalem, my happy home," altered from "My Mother dear, Jerusalem." In 1615, a Jesuit, who seems to have been no traitor, was executed at Glasgow, only because, so far as appears, he declined to answer whether a King deposed by the Pope might be lawfully killed; but it was not often that such an opportunity offered itself. In the mountains, the priests were as safe as in the streets of Rome, probably safer than any one else, for the kingdom was in a horrible state for the first few years after the departure of the Court, and according to the testimony of Lord Binning, the Calvinist clergy fared no better than others. "Ministers," 66 he says, However, the strength derived from England enabled James, through his Council, to repress the Border violences as they had never been repressed before. The fiercer spirits, when they found that their forays were requited with hanging, took service abroad, and though robbery lurked in lone districts, the chronic state of licensed outrage was at an end, and the better disposed became farmers and shepherds around the towers, where their lairds began to lead tolerably peaceable lives. The Highlanders were far harder to deal with. Their country was far more impenetrable, and they themselves had no instincts for peace, but were almost incapable of trade or agriculture. The best of the clans were kept within bounds by making their chieftain a surety to the King for their good conduct; but there were tribes who had lost their hereditary leader, and these were called broken men, and were the most mischievous of all. The worst were the Macgregors, whose home was round Loch Katrine, where they made what is now called Ellen's Isle the receptacle of the herds of cattle pillaged from the Lowlands. They were savage to the last degree. It was they who performed the horrible deed of setting the head of the murdered brother, with a crust in its mouth, on the sister's table. This was done at the time of the King's marriage, but the perpetrators were not seized and hung till the second year after James's accession to the throne of England. The King tried various means for bringing the Highlands into reasonable subjection. First, he required the landowners there and in the Isles to show up their titles to their lands, or to come to his chancery for fresh ones. Many of these old chiefs and their dependants had no notion of depending on 'dirty sheepskins" for their lands, and neither had any parchments nor would come for them. Those who neglected to do this were declared to have forfeited their estates. The whole Isle of Lewis was thus claimed by the King, as well as much of the mainland, and grants were made to Lowlanders who were to settle and civilise the place; but as there had been no clearing off of the original owners, as had been the case with the plantations in Ireland, the new settlers had to be constantly at war, and most of them gave up their lands in despair. 66 Another plan of James's was to throw as much power as possible into CAMEO X. State of |