LESSON CCXLI.

Review.

Read the following and think each thought carefully; tell whether the sentences are declarative, interrogative, exclamatory, or imperative; whether they are simple, complex, or compound:

Strawberries.

On the threshold of summer, nature proffers us this, her virgin fruit. More rich and sumptuous fruits are to follow, but the wild delicacy and fillip of the strawberry are never repeated. That keen, feathered edge greets the tongue in nothing else. We may well. celebrate it with festivals and music. It has that indescribable quality of all first things, which is a shy, uncloying, provoking, barbed sweetness.

What a challenge it is to the taste! How it bites back again! And is there any other sound like the snap and crackle with which it salutes the ear on being plucked from the stems? It is a treat to one sense that the other is soon to verify. It snaps to the ear as it smacks to the tongue. other berries are tame beside it.

All

Is there anything like the odor of strawberries? Last fall I potted some of the Downer, and in the winter grew them in the house. When the berry first comes, it is difficult to eat it without making faces. Take these berries in a bowl of rich milk with some bread. Ah, what a dish they make! Too good to set before a king!

John Burroughs.

NOTE.-The teacher may use some of the preceding selections in this same

way.

Classes of Ideas.

LESSON CCXLII.

Classes of Ideas.

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The monkey's principal companions in the house are a very valuable talking parrot and a handsome French Angora cat. We call that which the word expresses, an idea. Notice the ideas expressed by the words in the sentence above. You will see that they are not all alike. Take, for example, the ideas expressed by the words, "house" and "cat." You will notice that they are ideas which may be made thought subjects, or you may think, assert, or affirm another idea of these ideas; e. g., you may say, The house is beautiful, The cat is handsome. We call such an idea an object of thought. See if you can find other words in this sentence which express objects of thought.

Now think carefully, the ideas expressed by the words, "very," "handsome," and "talking." You will notice that they express ideas which belong to and distinguish other ideas. The idea, very, belongs to the idea, valuable; the idea, handsome, belongs to the idea, cat; and the idea, talking, belongs to the idea, parrot. We call this kind of idea an attribute. We could not distinguish one idea from another, if it were not for their attributes. How do you distinguish the table from the chair? Name the attributes of the table; and then the attributes of the chair. Are they the same? Name other words in this sentence which express attributes.

Now notice carefully, the ideas expressed by the words, "in," "are," and "and." The ideas expressed by these words do not belong to other ideas, nor are they ideas about which we may think, affirm, or assert some other idea. We can not say, An are is tall or An and is sweet. These ideas are merely

the connection or relation which the mind sees between other ideas. The idea, in, is the relation which the mind sees between the idea, companions, and the idea, house; the idea, are, is the relation between the thought subject and the thought predicate; and the idea, and, is the relation which the mind sees between the idea, parrot, and the idea, cat. We call such an idea an idea of relation.

If I place a book on the table, what word expresses the relation between the book and the table? Suppose I place it under the table? Beside the table? Mary goes into the garden. What word expresses the relation between the going and the garden?

There are no other kinds of ideas except objects of thought, attributes, and relations.

LESSON CCXLIII.

A Picture Story.

Read the story of "Christ and the Rich Ruler" in the Bible. What point in the story do you think the artist, H. Hofmann, intended to express in the picture?

Write a composition on this story, showing the great lesson which it teaches.

Read the following selection carefully and point out words which express objects of thought; words which express attributes; and words which express relations;

My Monkeys.

I have two little monkeys at home of which I am exceedingly fond. They are really half educated in their way, and are almost fit to go up for a competitive examination. My monkeys' names are "The Hag" and "Tiny." Hag's original

name was "Jenny," but she has so much of the character of a disagreeable old woman about her that I call her "The Hag,” and she answers to that name. Tiny was originally a very little monkey, not much bigger than a large rat. My friend Bartlett brought her to me from the Zoological Gardens as a dead monkey; she was "as good as dead," a perfect skeleton, and with but little hair on her.

LESSON CCXLV.

Classes of Words.

Frank Buckland.

The fowls of the same house suffered so terribly that they died at last; and an unfortunate donkey was being killed by inches.

In the above sentence, show what words express objects of thought; what words express attributes; and what words express relations.

Take for example, the words, "fowls" and "they." They express objects of thought, and we call all such words substantive words.

Notice the words, "terribly" and "unfortunate." They express attributes, and we call such words attributive words.

Notice the words, "of" and "was." They express ideas of relation and we call all such words relation words

Point out other substantive, attributive, and relation words in the preceding sentence. Give reasons in each case.

LESSON CCXLVI.

Review.

In the following selection, point out substantive, attributive, and relation words. Give reasons in each case: