souls, shall cease to make part of that Kingdom and shall be retroceded to Prussia.

B. Secret Treaty of Alliance between France and Russia, July 7, 1807. Fournier's Napoleon I, II, 250-252 (German ed.).

His Majesty the Emperor of the French, King of Italy, Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine, and His Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, having particularly at heart to re-establish the general peace in Europe upon substantial and, if it be possible, immovable foundations, have for that purpose resolved to conclude an offensive and defensive alliance. .

1. His Majesty the Emperor of the French, King of Italy, and His Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, undertake to make common cause, whether by land or by sea, or indeed by land and by sea, in every war which France or Russia may be under the necessity of undertaking against any European Power.

2. The occasion for the alliance occurring, and each time that it shall occur, the High Contracting Parties shall regulate, by a special convention, the forces which each of them shall employ against the common enemy, and the points at which these forces shall act; but for the present they undertake to employ, if the circumstances require it, the totality of their land and sea forces.

3. All the operations of the common wars shall be carried on in concert, and neither of the Contracting Parties in any case can treat for peace without the concurrence and consent of the other.

4. If England does not accept the mediation of Russia or if having accepted it she does not by the first of November next consent to conclude peace, recognizing therein that the flags of all the Powers shall enjoy an equal and perfect independence upon the seas and restoring therein the conquests made by it from France and its Allies since the year eighteen hundred and five, when Russia made common cause with it, a note shall be sent to the cabinet of St. James in the course of the said month of November by the Ambassa

dor of His Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias. This note, expressing the interest that his said Imperial Majesty takes in the tranquility of the world and the purpose which he has of employing all the forces of his Empire to procure for humanity the blessing of peace, shall contain the positive and explicit declaration that, upon the refusal of England to conclude peace upon the aforesaid conditions, His Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias will make common cause with France, and, in case the Cabinet of St. James shall not have given upon the 1st of December next a categorical and satisfactory reply, the Ambassador of Russia shall re ceive the contingent order to demand his passports on the said day and to leave England at once.

5. If the case provided for by the preceding article occurs, the High Contracting Parties shall act in concert and at the same moment summon the three courts of Copenhagen, Stockholm and Lisbon to close their ports to the English, to recall their Ambassadors from London, and to declare war upon England. That one of the three Courts which refuses this shall be treated as an enemy by the two High Contracting Parties, and, if Sweden refuses it, Denmark shall be constrained to declare war upon it.

6. The two High Contracting Parties shall likewise act in concert and shall urge with force upon the Court of Vienna that it adopt the principles set forth in article four above, that it close its ports to the English, recall its Ambassador from London and declare war on England.

7. If, on the contrary, within the period specified above, England makes peace upon the aforesaid conditions [and His Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias shall employ all his influence to bring it about], Hanover shall be restored to the King of England in compensation for the French, Spanish and Dutch colonies.

8. Likewise, if in consequence of the changes which have just occurred at Constantinople, the Porte should not accept the mediation of France, or if after it has been accepted it should happen that, within the period of three months after the opening of the negotiations, they have not led to a satisfactory result, France will make common cause with Russia against the Ottoman Porte, and the two High Contracting

Parties shall come to an agreement to remove all the provinces of the Ottoman Empire in Europe, the city of Constantinople and the Province of Roumalia excepted, from the yoke and the vexations of the Turks.

9. The present treaty shall remain secret and shall not be made public nor communicated to any Cabinet by one of the two Contracting Parties without the consent of the other. It shall be ratified and the ratifications thereof exchanged at Tilsit within the space of four days.

Done at Tilsit, July 7, 1807 (June twenty-fifth, eighteen. hundred seven [Russian style]).

C. Treaty of Peace between France and Prussia. July 9, 1807. De Clercq, Traites, II, 217-223.

His Majesty the Emperor of the French, King of Italy, Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine, and His Majesty the King of Prussia, being prompted by an equal desire to put an end to the calamities of war.

1. There shall be, dating from the day of the exchange of the ratifications of the present Treaty, perfect peace and amity between His Majesty the Emperor of the French, King of Italy, and His Majesty the King of Prussia.

2. The portion of the Duchy of Magdeburg situated to the right of the Elbe; the Mark of Prignitz, the UnkerMark, the middle and the new Mark of Brandenburg, with the exception of the Cotbuser-Kreis or circle of Cotbus in lower Lusace; the duchy of Pomerania; upper, lower and middle Silesia, with the county of Glatz; the portion of the district of Netze situated to the north of the causeway running from Driesen to Schneidemühl and of a line running from Schneidemühl to the Vistula at Waldau, following the limits of the circle of Bromberg; Pommerellen; the island of Nogat; the countries to the right of Nogat and the Vistula, to the east of Old Prussia and to the north of the circle of Kulm; Ermeland; and, lastly, the Kingdom of Prussia, such as it was on January 1, 1772, shall be restored to His Majesty the King of Prussia, with the places of Spandau, Stettin, Küstrin, Glogau, Braslau, Schweidnitz, Neisse, Brieg, Kosel, and Glatz, and generally all the places, citadels, chateaux, and strongholds of the countries denominated above, in

the condition in which the said places, citadels, chateaux and strongholds now are. The cities and citadels of Graudenz, with the villages of Neudorf, Parschken and Swirkorzy, shall also be restored to His Majesty the King of Prussia.

3. His Majesty the King of Prussia recognizes His Majesty the King of Naples, Joseph Napoleon; and His Majesty the King of Holland, Louis Napoleon.

4. His Majesty the King of Prussia likewise recognizes the Confederation of the Rhine, the actual state of possession of each of the sovereigns who compose it, and the titles given to several of them, whether by the Act of Confederation or by the subsequent treaties of accession. His Majesty promises to recognize the Sovereigns who shall subsequently become members of the said Confederation, in the capacity which shall be given them by the documents which shall bring about their entrance to it.

5. The present Treaty of peace and amity is declared common to His Majesty the King of Naples, Joseph Napoleon, to His Majesty the King of Holland, and the Confederated Sovereigns of the Rhine, allies of His Majesty the Emperor Napoleon.

6. His Majesty the King of Prussia likewise recognizes His Imperial Highness Prince Jerome Napoleon as King of Westphalia.

7. His Majesty the King of Prussia cedes in complete ownership and sovereignty to the Kings, Grand Dukes, Duke or Princes who shall be designated by His Majesty the Emperor of the French, King of Italy, all the Duchies, Marquisdoms, Principalities, Counties, Lordships and generally all the territories or parts of any territories, as well as all the domains and landed estates of every nature which His Said Majesty the King of Prussia possessed by any title whatsoever between the Rhine and the Elbe at the commencement of the present war.

8. The Kingdom of Westphalia shall be composed of provinces ceded by His Majesty the King of Prussia and of other States actually possessed by His Majesty the Emperor Napoleon.

9. The disposition which shall be made by His Majesty the Emperor Napoleon of the countries designated in the two

preceding articles and the state of possession resulting therefrom to the Sovereigns for whose profit it shall have been made, shall be recognized by His Majesty the King of Prussia, in the same manner as if it were already effected and were contained in the present Treaty.

IO. His Majesty the King of Prussia, for himself, his heirs and successors, renounces all present or contingent right which he can have or lay claim to: 1st. Upon all the territories, without exception, situated between the Rhine and the Elbe other than those designated in article 7; 2d. Upon those of the possessions of His Majesty the King of Saxony and of the House of Anhalt which are upon the right of the Elbe; reciprocally, every present or contingent right and every claim of the States included between the Elbe and the Rhine upon the possessions of His Majesty the King of Prussia, as they shall be in consequence of the present Treaty, are and shall remain forever extinguished.

II. All Agreements, Conventions or Treaties of Alliance, open or secret, which may have been concluded between Prussia and any of the states situated to the left of the Elbe, and which the present war shall not have dissolved, shall remain without effect and shall be regarded as null and void.

12. His Majesty the King of Prussia cedes in complete ownership and sovereignty to His Majesty the King of Saxony the Cotbuser-Kreis or Circle of Cotbus in lower Lusatia.

13. His Majesty the King of Prussia renounces in perpetuity the possession of all the provinces which, having belonged to the Kingdom of Poland subsequent to the 1st of January, 1807, have passed at various times under the domination of Prussia, with the exception of Ermeland and the countries situated to the west of old Prussia, to the east of Pomerania and the new Mark, to the north of the circle of Kulm and of a line running from the Vistula to Schneidemühl through Waldau, following the limits of the circle of Bomberg and of the causeway running from Schneidemühl to Drisen, which, with the city and citadel of Graudenz and the villages of Neudorf, Parschken, and Swierkorzy, shall continue to be possessed in complete ownership and sovereignty by His Majesty the King of Prussia.