SUPPLEMENT.

A MS. parchment-covered book of 216 pages, containing "General Wolfe's Orders," was given by the Duke of Wellington to the late Captain Payne of the Grenadier Guards (a Waterloo man); and has been entrusted to me by his son Mr. Edward J. Payne of Birmingham.

The first Order was dated 22 Dec. 1748, and was addressed "to a Regiment on their arrival in Scotland." It comes from Head Quarters, and instructs the regiment that it is to assist the Excise and the Custom House in the execution of their duties: to make inquiries about disaffected and suspected persons; and to obtain warrants for the apprehension of attainted and excepted persons. It denounces the spirit of Jacobitism and disaffection kept alive by "Papists and Nonjuring Ministers." It adds that the Highlanders. have had full notice "that they must quit the Plaid, Philabeg or Little Kilt on Christmas Day, as the Act directs."

The first of Wolfe's own Orders is dated Stirling February 12, 1749. He had then the rank of Major.

"The Major commends very particularly to the men to keep their Quarters clean, as he is convinced that nothing conduces more to their health."

Wolfe is not sparing of strong language. "In order to prevent all future attempts towards passing any false money, the sentence of the Court Martial to be put in execution against Samuel Hodgkinson and Watkiss the Drummer. The Major hopes it will effectually deter all men from such infamous and villainous practices and he is determined to discourage as much as possible, every act of knavery that may tend in the least to the discredit of the Corps."

The private soldiers were allowed to work at a trade and earn wages: but the practice required regulating. Every such workman is to be reported to the Major: he is to attend the reviews: he is not to show himself in the streets with a leathern apron on, nor with a handkerchief about his neck: he is not to be a coalheaver, or a scavenger, or a drudge on board ship. There came an order that 300 men should be sent to labour on the roads, from "the Pass of Lancey to the Head of Locheam": all paviours, carpenters, smiths, miners, and bricklayers were to go, and to give up their private engagements.

In 1750, Wolfe has been promoted to the rank of Lieut.-Colonel. He makes many complaints of the men's vices, and drunkenness in particular: he denounces two of his men suspected of robbery. "The Colonel was in hopes that these practices were at an end, by the number of villains that he had been forced to whip out of the Regiment. he will contribute all in his power to hang

the first rascal that shall be found guilty."

Next year, Wolfe has similar troubles. Some of his men taking the part of the mob (reminding one of the Porteus riot) had insulted officers of justice and beaten the executioner: they "had joined with the boys and idle vagabonds to treat the released women with the utmost inhumanity." "The Court-Martial has judged the crime of Rigby the Grenadier to be of so pernicious a nature that they have sentenced him to receive 600 lashes. His youth and former good behaviour are the only considerations that could induce the Lieut.-Colonel to pardon him.”

"The Lieut.-Colonel is

In 1753 there are the same complaints. very sorry to be convinced that the severity he has been forced to use does not deter many of the men from the most atrocious crimes."

This year (1751) the Regiment is removed to Warwick, and appears to be quartered in the Castle. "Hazle of Captain Maxwell's Company is not hereafter to be suffered to go without the Castle Gates. The Lieut.-Colonel does not mean by this to prevent his deserting, but to punish him for his insolence. He desires that Hazle and Findass who have already been condemned for treason,

may know as well as those who have been in the service of France, or desire to be there, that he sets no value upon them, and that he had much rather they were in the Irish Brigades than in the army of Great Britain. But if hereafter he hears that any deserter threatens to desert, he'll be immediately whip't out of the Regiment with every mark of infamy, contempt, and disgrace." 1754. A soldier is executed for desertion.

1755, Jan. 21. Anticipation of the Seven Years' war, which began in the next year. Wolfe warns the soldiery against playing the coward by desertion. Sir John Mordaunt reviews the Regiment and expresses his satisfaction in the strongest terms. Afterwards, at Gravesend, the men, being denied their proper quarters, resigned themselves to lie on straw. Wolfe is "extremely pleased with this sort of behaviour, and thinks it manly and soldierlike."

But "the Lieut.-Colonel had heard that some mean rascals have agreed with the magistrates or civil officers in their quarters to marry infamous women for pecuniary considerations, to the great dishonour and discrediting of the troops. If ever anything of this sort comes to his knowledge, he will never forgive the offender, nor consider him in any light than as the last and most contemptible of scoundrels."

In Oct. 1755 the Regiment had marched to the Coast of Kent to "assist in the defence of the country."

"No man is to leave his platoon or abandon his colours for a slight wound: while a man is able to do his duty, and can stand and hold his arms, it is infamous to retire."

"A soldier that takes his musquet off his shoulder, and pretends to begin the battle without order, will be put to death that instant. The cowardice of one or two men is not to put a whole battalion in danger. A soldier that quits his ranks or offers to fly is to be instantly put to death."

If intrenchments or redoubts are to be defended obstinately, the fire is to begin when the enemy is at about 200 yards; and when the troops perceive that they endeavour to get over the parapet, they are to fix their bayonets and make a bloody resistance." (Bayonets I believe, were at this time fixed inside the barrel and not by an outside socket.)

Let us pass on to 1759, the year of Quebec aud Wolfe's heroic death. The following is a part of the Copy of a Placart published by his Excellency Major-General Wolfe, on his arrival in St. Lawrence, 1759."

"The King, justly exasperated against the French, has set on foot a considerable armament by land and sea, to bring down the haughtiness of that crown. His aim is to destroy the most considerable settlements of the French in North America. It is not against the industrious peasants, their wives and children, nor against the ministers of religion that he designs making war. He laments the misfortunes to which this quarrel exposes them, and promises him their protection: offers to maintain them in their possessions; and permits them to follow the worship of their religion provided they do not take any part in the difference between the two Crowns, directly or indirectly."

The Orders during the remaining month are numerous: most of them relating to matters of detail. I select a few.

"The army must hold itself in constant readiness to get under arms, either to march or fight at the shortest warning.”

To guard against Indian and Canadian ambuscades:-"In a woody country, detachments must never halt or encamp in the little openings in the woods, nor ever pass through them without examining the skirts with all imaginable care and precaution. Next to valour the best qualities in a military man are vigilance and caution."

The final battle, it will be remembered, was on the 12-13th September, 1759.

"Point Orleans, July 2nd, 1759. Parole, Countersign.

Field Officer of the Picquet

Adjutant to-morrow."

Orders and Regulations.

"The object of the Campaign is to complete the conquest of Canada, and to finish the war in America. The army under the Commander in Chief will enter into the Colony on the side of Montreal, while the fleet and army attack the Governor General and his forces."

"The General means to carry the business through with as little loss as possible, and with the highest regard to the safety and preservation of the troops: to that end he expects that the men work cheerfully and diligently, without the least unsoldierlike murmur or complaint."

"No churches, houses, or buildings of any kind are to be burnt or destroyed without orders."

"The peasants that remain in their habitations, their women and children, are to be treated with humanity. If any violence is offered to a woman, the offender shall be punished with death."

Brigadier Townshend (afterwards Marquis Townshend) Wolfe's second in command, appears two or three times.

"Montmorenci, July 9th,

Parole, Westmoreland."

"The General has ordered some rum to Captain Casavin's Company of Grenadiers, for the spirit they showed in punishing those scoundrels of Indians."

"The General strictly forbids the inhuman practice of scalping, except when the enemy are Indians."

Several Orders are without dates.

"If ships can be brought near enough to operate, and the wind is fair, an attack will be made upon one of the enemy's most detached works; in aid of which attack, the artillery from hence must be employed."

Again:-Apparently August 1st (a), "The check which the Grenadiers met with yesterday, will it is hoped be a lesson to them in the future. They ought to know that such impetuous, irregular and unsoldierlike proceeding destroys all order." Other regiments are praised for good conduct, and "the loss is inconsiderable." We are drawing very near the fatal 13th September.

Cape Rogue September 9 (1759.)

"the weather is so bad that no military operations can take place, (a) I owe this date to the periodical called the "Grand Magazine of Magazines," Oct. 1759 London, lent to me by Mr. Howard S. Pearson. A note confirms the French statement that a drenching shower of rain stopped the French firing, and saved the Grenadiers from destruction.