price. The tendency of the market appears to be towards the least expensive output. After the bosh" comes the cutting machine. The lengths are passed through, and come out in shorter pieces. Then comes the cold rolling, the separating of the now still thinner sheets. The reader will understand that a doubling process

comes in between the two rolling processes An application of vitriol clears off the spots and by this time our pig has been converted into accurate sizes of black plates. We thus come to the end of the general process which fits iron to be the recipient of the tin wash. The processes connected therewith will fill another chapter.

1837.

June 28th.-Was called to Plas to see R. Tecwyn, conversed with him awhile; and I drank 1 pint of porter. He said I was his only poetical friend in Wales; admired my letters to him.

30th.-To-day is the Guardians' meeting at Carnarvon to nominate auditors. Mr. Hughes told me yesterday that, from some private observations made to him by some magistrates on the bench in the Quarter Sessions, I might as well retire for this time, as there was no chance of my succeeding, still that he would with great pleasure propose me; though I believe his inclination was to desist. I, however, said that I I, however, said that I should most readily acquiesce in any course which he and my other friends at Carnarvon would deem most proper to adopt, but that I did not like to signify my withdrawal to him alone, without a consultation being held by my friends on the occasion, and their decision in respect to my nomination would be in this instance my rule in regard to my competition for the office. Afternoon, 6 o'clock,-Mr. Hughes called, said he had, in accordance with the friendly advice of some gentlemen, withdrawn my name from the list of candidates, at the same time he observed that his motive was not to bring me forward as a means of creating any vexatious opposition to other candidates, but to introduce me into public notice as a person of obscure birth and parentage, possessing considerable talents, and deserving of some higher promotion, said I gained several medals, and at one congress was represented in the chair by Genl. Sir Love Parry, who was present.

Sir L. P.-" Very true sir, the man is a person of superior merit." Lord N." Do you withdraw him or do you not?"

Mr. H.-"I am authorized to do so, my lord."

Lord N.-" That answer seems evasive. Do you withdraw him or not?"

Mr. H.-"I do, my lord.”—bah!

My wife went into the private society of the Calvinistic Methodists' meeting at Gyrn Goch Chapel. She has been for the last three weeks greatly embarassed, and much troubled in her mind on account of her sinful state. I hope this is the hand of God, if so, it will grow and increase into salvation.

July 7th.-David Williams, Esq., Pwllheli, called upon me this morning on his way to Carnarvon to announce the result of my contest for the auditorship at the Pwllheli Union meeting held on the 5th inst. He said that he got Sir Love Parry to propose me, and that 15 voted for me and 22 for Mr. Lloyd of Llwydiarth. Mr. Williams censured the course which my Carnarvon friends had taken, namely, withdrawing my name from the list of candidates; for even if my view was to bring myself to notice by means of this contest, it would have been more in my favour to persevere. This course, however, was not under my control. Mr. Hughes told me that at Carnarvon in the Quarter Sessions and on the bench, Sir Love Parry urged him to withdraw me; so did Mr. Jones, Llanddeiniolen, observing that I should be esteemed a man of rebellious spirit in coming forward at such a palpable and plain disadvantage

11th.-Feel very dejected, nothing pleases me, I am much inclined to live in solitary retirement unheeded by, and unheeding the world. I don't wish to see or hear any human companion or acquaintance come to talk to me. I want quiet.

8th.-Morning, yesterday and to-day, hitherto, I feel distressed somehow on account of the Pwllheli Union meeting transactions noticed here before. I am

convinced of the sincerity and unflinching fidelity of Mr. D. Williams, and I find myself utterly inadequate to discharge my obligations to him as I ought and as he deserves. I do feel most grateful, but I know not how to express my gratitude with sufficient ardour and fluency to render him aware of the exquisite feeling which pervades me on this occasion. To Sir L. Parry too I should wish to return my most heartfelt thanks, as well as to all those old and new friends who supported me on this occasion in my dear old town of Pwllheli, the scene of my youthful pleasures and enjoyments. All I can do here is to pray that my God, who on this, as well as many occasions stood on my right hand to defend and protect me,-to pray, I say, that he will reward those kind-hearted friends with prosperity, health, comfort, and eternal life; Amen. 10 o'clock,-A young man, Mr. Matthews' son of Carnarvon, called to say he intended to come to my school next week.

9th.-Sunday,-David Williams, Maesog, dined at my house.

10th. Tithe letting. Wrote notices of claims to vote for Dr. Foulkes and Wm. Parry, Ynysowa; the latter gave me A. in consideration thereof, the former nothing! Of all men I ever did any service thereunto, gentlemen are the most ungrateful, they never acknowledge a kind assistance or tender even the smallest recompence for the same,-Ffei honyn!! Tithe notices,

12th. My old pupil Hannah called, she is apprenticed dressmaker at Carnarvon. About 3 o'clock the Rev. Morris Williams called, and stayed for about half an hour. He did not appear so ruddy and strong as usual, complained of the hard and oppressive duties he had to go through at Holywell, which, he said, nearly affected his health. He is now going to be one of the masters of the Bangor school.

17th. Attended Mr. Hughes at his request to Ty'n y Coed, to take down the depositions of the master and servants relative to a thief they had caught, and to write his commitment. We found the thief in the loft of the stable in one of the servants' hold. A table and two chairs were brought there, and the witnesses examined, with their evidence taken down. I wrote the commitment, which was wrongly worded, though I submitted to Mr. Hughes the propriety of wording it otherwise. He took no notice of the matter then, but after coming home he found we were wrong in adopting the word burglariously, which denoted breaking into a house in the night, whereas this breaking in was in the day time. I was extremely ill after being there, on account of seeing the thief and the process of securing him, which rendered me very nervous and apprehensive. My headache arose partly too from my racking my brains for some proper expressions in the commitment, while Mr. Hughes did not

tender the least assistance.

18th.-To-day, thank my God, I am pretty well recovered.

22nd.—Wrote a note to thank Sir L. Parry, which I forwarded to him by the hand of Mr. Pughe. Went to Carnarvon this day, very early. After buying a quantity of shop goods, I went to Mr. Rees' shop to buy a newspaper. Found Messrs. Hughes, Vaynol House, T. P. Jones, and others there, who all shook hands with me, and eagerly enquired about the progress of

the election. I said I hoped Sir Love Parry would gain it, but they appeared rather indifferent, apparently vexed because they had no candidate. One gentleman said I had a vote. I said, "Who? I?" "Aye," said he. "I believe not," said I. "I have a leasehold house, but it is not worth £10 a year." He said £2 was the required value. "Yes," said I, "for freehold." "Aye," said he, "and for leasehold too." "The £10 is a borough qualification," said I, "however I am not registered, and therefore I cannot vote now." This terminated the dialogue; it is singular that such well informed persons are so unknowing about a voter's qualification.

24th. Assizes at Carnarvon. To-day the thief whose commitment and depositions of witnesses I assisted Mr. Hughes to write at Ty'n y Coed this day sennight, was sentenced to be transported for seven years by Judge Alderson, though not for his

offence committed at Ty'n y Coed, but for a felony elsewhere. This is a desperate fellow, I think of the hellfire that glared in his infernal eye when I saw him at Ty'n y Coed, he had a fiendish wink in the left eye, and his looks were particularly forbidding and repulsive. In other respects he was generally well made.

25th. Members for the boroughs nominated at Carnarvon to-day, the candidates are Mr. Bulkeley Hughes and Captain Charles Paget. Assizes terminated to-day.

September 26th.-Rev. Mr. Cotton this day examined my school, and said the children were much improved since last year. Commenced with singing and prayer, which one of the boys read. The same order was observed at the conclusion of the examination. He and the children on parting sang "God save the Queen," and gave two or three hearty cheers.

Of the Sheriff.

IF

If anyone complains to the sheriff of trespass done to him, of cattle

stolen, of debt, &c., let him take the complainant's oath that he will prosecute his claim, or pledges. Let him summon the defendant to the next county court; if he comes not, summon him again to the next court; if he comes not then, summon him the third time. If he comes not to the third court let the case be proceeded with; let him be fined for default according to the laws of Wales, and punished according to his offence.

The county court is to be held from month to month,-on Mondays in one county, on Tuesdays in another, &c.

In case of homicide, the men of the four townships next to the place of the manslaughter are to appear in the next county court before the sheriff, and coroner, and suitors, bringing him who found the dead body and the kindred of the slain (the Welshery). If any one is accused, and is

stolen hides of oxen and horses; those who turn stolen cloth into a new shape: returned outlaws and those who disappear during the visits of the justices; ravishers of maids and nuns and matrons of good repute; of treasure trove; of those who turn water courses and narrow the highway; of forgers; of breakers of gaol; of those who trespass in parks, steal pigeons flying from dove cotes, steal impounded animals; of those who break into houses, take the law into their own hands, imprison others; of those who remove land-marks, have false weights and measure, do not observe the assize of bread and beer; of those who harbour unknown persons for more than two nights; of those who shear sheep by night in the folds, or flay them; of those that take and collect by night the ears of corn in autumn, and carry them away. Let there be inquiry also into any usurpations of the king's rights,-wardship, marriage, fees, presentations to livings, &c.

Let the whole commote come together; let them be sworn that they will conceal nothing from the jury, or say aught that is false; let them be charged to make diligent inquiry; if they find any man ought to lose life or limb, let them tell the sheriff secretly, lest he escape; any other accusation is to be made publicly in court. After consultation apart by themselves, the jury will render their verdict. The sheriff shall thereupon imprison or discharge those indicted of offences deserving the loss of life or limb, and shall do due correction and execution in other matters.

Coroner.

In every commote there must be Of the at least one coroner, chosen in the county court, and sworn. When required he must come to see a dead man, killed, drowned, or otherwise dead,--or a man grievously wounded so that his life is despaired of. He shall summon the men of the township and the men of the four adjoining townships, and make diligent in

IT should be remembered that the "Statutes of Wales" of 1284 refer to the lands of Llywelyn and his supporters only. They brought into immediate dependence upon the English central organization the modern counties of Anglesey, Carnarvon, Merioneth (except the lordship of Mawddwy), Flint, Cardigan (except Tregaron and

quiry by their oaths,-faithfully, cautiously, secretly. He shall write distinctly the name of the finder of the body, the names of the accused, and the value of their possessions, the names of the kindred of the dead man (the Welshery) on the father or the mother's side, for the sheriff and the justice.

When a thief or a malefactor flees into sanctuary, let the coroner cause the bailiff of the commote to summon the good and lawful men of the neighbourhood. Then the felon is to be brought out to the church door, and a sea port shall be assigned him by the coroner. In journeying to that port the felon must carry a cross in his hand; and he must not turn to the right or to the left from the king's highway, but go straight along it until he leaves the realm.

Here follow the forms of king's writs to the sheriff,-to tell him to prepare, for the coming of the justice, parties to disputes about freehold, common pasture, nuisance, inheritance, dower, debt, covenants, &c. Then come the methods of conducting trials.

WE

E must be on our guard against taking Nonconformist records as the only material of our history during the last century. Much light can be thrown on the political, social, religious, and economic condition of the country from vestry books, reports of rural deans, accounts of episcopal visitations, and such sources. begin with, I give the answers given by clergymen in the bishopric of Bangor to the following four questions, handed in at the episcopal visitation of 1776,

To

1. What number of communicants have you, generally, in your parish? In particular, what was the number which communicated at Easter last? Was it greater or less than usual?

2. Are there any persons in your parish or chapelry who are Papists, or reputed to be such?

LLANGIAN CHURCH, LLEYN.

ABERDARON.

Have they any priest, or any place there where they assemble for divine worship?

ог

3. Are there any Presbyterians, Independents, Anabaptists, or Quakers in your parish chapelry? And of what rank? Are there any other places made use of for divine worship than such as are used by the above mentioned sects? What are the names of their teachers; and are they, and the houses wherein they assemble, licensed as the law directs? Is their number greater or less of late years than formerly, according to your observation, and by what means?

4. Are there any who call themselves Methodists in your parish or chapelry? How many are there, and who are their teachers? Do their number increase or decrease, and to what do you impute the alteration ?

1. Upon the two Easter days some number above 300 communicants; Christmas Day and Whit-Sunday 50 to 60 on each; the first Sundays in Lent and October from 30 to 40; the communicants last Easter much less than usual. I should have observed to your lordship that the communicants at Easter, both of the church and chapel, are reckoned together, as they mind not at which they then communicate. 2. There is not one Papist in this parish. 3. No Independents, Anabaptists, or Quakers in this parish, and but one family of Presbyterians, who have no meeting house in this parish. There is a chapel built by the Methodists in this parish about two years ago, and a family house where they have their constant meetings, by night as well as by day, but not any constant settled teachers.

4. More than half of the families in the

parish are inclined to Methodism, though but two or three profess it openly. The number of Methodists rather increases here every year, and I cannot but impute it to the number of itinerant preachers daily sent here from other parts.

JOHN ROBERTS.

LLANFAELRHYS.

1. The inhabitants of this chapelry and of Aberdaron, the mother church, communicate at Easter promiscuously, and are, in general, above 300. What was the number at last Easter in particular I cannot well ascertain, as I was not able to attend myself, but can find that it was less than usual. Communicants here at Christmas and Whitsuntide, about 20.

2. There are no Papists or reputed Papists here, or in this neighbourhood.

3. There are no Presbyterians, Independents, Anabaptists, or Quakers here, nor any other place of divine worship than the chapel itself.

4. There are in this chapelry three families that follow the Methodists, but I can't find that they increase or decrease here of late. JOHN ROBERTS.

BODVEAN.

1. We have generally from three to four score communicants in our parish, which, as far as I recollect, is near the number that communicated at Easter last.