managers that they possess reasonable competency as sempstresses; and, at the annual examinations the schoolmistress specifying whether they have been receiving practical instruction in any other kind

17. Pupil-Teachers may go beyond the requirements of the foregoing table, and have many facilities for doing so. Classes for instruction in Drawing, Languages, or Elementary Science, are now held at many of the Public Elementary Schools in towns; to these, Pupil-Teachers are generally admitted at a reduced rate; and marks are allowed for success in these subjects, when the Pupil-Teacher becomes a candidate for a higher position.

18. At the close of their engagement Pupil-Teachers are perfectly free in the choice of employment. If they wish to continue in the work of education, they may become assistants in elementary schools, or may be examined for admission into a training college, or may be provisionally certificated for immediate service in charge of small schools.

19. ASSISTANT TEACHERS are, as their name implies, persons engaged to assist in the conduct of a school. They rank immediately below the Head Teacher. If not certificated at the time of their engagement, they are expected to qualify for the full Teacher's Certificate as soon as possible; even though, after thus qualifying, they may remain Assistants. 20. The persons eligible for employment as Assistants are :--(a) Pupil Teachers who have completed their engagement

with credit, and have passed either the examination for the close of their engagement, or that for Scholarship (.e. for admission into a Training College).

(b) Persons not having been Pupil Teachers who have passed the Scholarship (i.e. admission) examination, and thus gained what is called an "Open" Scholarship.*

21. Assistant Teachers must prove themselves efficient in the work of the School, to the satisfaction of the Government Inspector. They must also produce, from year to year, certificates of good conduct from the local managers and the Head Teacher.

22. The Scholarship Examination is held annually in the first week of July; the results are published early in the

*IT IS BY THIS OPENING THAT PERSONS OVER EIGHTEEN, PREVIOUSLY UNCONNECTED WITH ELEMENTARY-SCHOOL WORK, GENERALLY ENTER THE RANKS. HENCE THE PROMINENCE GIVEN TO THE SCHOLARSHIP EXAMINATION IN PART II,

following November. The subjects of Examination are the same as those specified in the Pupil-Teacher's Schedule (see page 7).

23. The Scholarship entitles the holder to two years' instruction (with board, lodging, and medical attendance) in a Training College, on payment of a comparatively small entrance-fee. This benefit is, however, much limited by the fact that the accommodation in the Colleges falls far short of the number of qualified candidates for admission.

24. Practically, the candidate for admission into a College must be prepared to take a high place in the "results" list of the Scholarship Examination, because the authorities of the Colleges, being unable to admit all who pass, naturally (with very few exceptions) admit by preference those who take the highest position.

25. Any one wishing to take the Scholarship (Admission) examination, should write as, early in the year as possible, to the Principal of the College which he desires to attend for examination (or to enter as a student).

The letter should state as briefly as possible the writer's wish, his age, name in full, and previous employment (if any); and a properly-addressed and stamped envelope should be enclosed for a reply.

26. CERTIFICATED TEACHERS, whether principals or assistants, gain their rank by passing successfully the Certificate Examination and afterwards undergoing a term of probation in actual charge of a school (or large department of one).

27. Two classes of persons are eligible for the certificate examination, namely:

(a) Ex-Students --i.e. those who have resided for two years in a Training College.

(b) Acting Teachers:-.e. those who, being 21 years of age, have served for six months in an elementary school under a certificated teacher, and have, during that time, satisfied the Government Inspector of their aptitude for teaching.

28. The examination for Certificates is held about a week before Christmas, at the various Training Colleges, and (if the number of candidates should render it necessary) at other places appointed by the Education Department. The results are made known about the middle of the following March.

29. Acting Teachers, candidates for the Certificate examina

tion, MUST ASK THE LOCAL MANAGERS to notify their wish to the Secretary, Education Department, Whitehall, before the first day of October. A formal "permission " will then be sent by the Department.

This must be done not later than the end of June, so that an Inspector may have time to visit the school and declare the candidate eligible before the 1st of October.

The Teacher must also write to the Principal of the Training College most easily accessible,* stating as briefly as possible his wish to sit at that College for examination, and asking particulars as to the course to be pursued. A properlyaddressed stamped envelope should be enclosed for reply.

30. If the Training College authorities cannot accommodate him, the candidate should immediately apply to another College; and if the difficulty seems serious, he should write, stating the case, to the Secretary, Education Department, Whitehall. He will then be informed of the nearest "centre" of examination provided by the Department.

31. The Department's "permission " must be kept by the candidate till the examination, and then given up to the officer in charge of the examination-room.

32. The Syllabus of Subjects required for Certificate Examinations varies in detail from year to year. A copy of the current year's Syllabus can be obtained for 6d. (or 7d. by post), from Stewart & Co., 41, Farringdon-street, E.C., or any other educational publisher.

33. The following table gives an idea of the general scope of the Certificate Examination. Acting Teachers may take either the whole of the First Year or the whole of the Second Year papers (i. e., they must not take, for example, the First Year's History and the Second Year's Geography, &c.)

READING.t-First Year.-To read with distinct utterance, due attention to punctuation, and just expression.

Second Year.-Improvement is expected in the higher qualities of reading; such as expression, modulation of voice, and the correct delivery of long or involved sentences.

WRITING.†-Both Years.-To write a specimen of [the penmanship used in setting copies of text-hand and small-hand.

*See "List of Colleges," p. v.

Failure in this subject cancels success in every other subject, and excludes from the Certificate.

To write a passage from dictation. The general character of the writing in the examination papers is also required to be good. (The passage for Dictation is read through once, slowly, to give the complete sense: it is then given out once, a few words at a time.)

ARITHMETIC. *-First Year.-To work sums, both mentally and on paper. To prove and explain the rules. The figures to be well formed, and the work methodically arranged as a good model for children to imitate: The questions and problems require a knowledge of the first four rules, Practice, Bills of Parcels, Simple Proportion, Vulgar and Decimal Fractions, and (for male candidates) Interest.

An exercise in Mental Arithmetic is also set, in which from 18 to 24 questions are proposed to be answered, as far as possible, in 20 minutes.

Second Year.-As in First Year, but with Interest added for the female candidates, and more difficult questions throughout. HISTORY.-First Year.—(1) Male Candidates :-General outlines of British History.

(2) Female Candidates :- Elementary facts, general outlines and history of the progress of the country to the accession of the Tudors.

Second Year.-(1) Male Candidates:-A special period in detail (e.g., from 1603 to 1815).

(2) Female Candidates :-Elementary facts, etc., from the accession of the Tudors to the present time.

(The papers always contain questions on Scottish History).

GEOGRAPHY.-First Year.-For Male Candidates :-The elements of Geography, Mathematical and Physical. Description in words of the four quarters of the Globe, of each Country in Europe (of Great Britain in full detail), and of India, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and the S. African Colonies. Maps, drawn from memory, of these countries, &c., are required (and are generally taken in lieu of verbal description). The Political Geography of the British Empire.

(2) For Female Candidates:-Elementary knowledge of the shape, size, and motions of the earth, and of the distribution of land and water upon its surface. The Physical and Political Geography of Great Britain and Ireland. Maps, drawn from memory, are required to illustrate these subjects.

* Failure in this subject cancels success in every other subject, ard excludes from the Certificate.