Ah! that your business had been mine, Το pen the sheep. Dryden. 2. [From the noun; pret. and part. pass. penned.] To write. It probably meant at first only the manual exercise of the pen, or mechanical part of writing; but it has been long used with relation to the stile or composition.

For prey these shepherds two he took, Whose metal stiff he knew he could not bend With hearsay pictures, or a window look, With one good dance or letter finely penn'd.Sidney. I would be loath to cast away my speech; for, besides that it is excellently well penn'd, I have taken great pains to cor it.

Shakesp Read this challenge, mark but the penning of it. Shakesp.

A sentence spoken by him in English, and penned out of his mouth by four good secretaries,

for trial of our orthography, was set down by

them. Camden's Remains. He frequented sermons, and penned notes with his own hand. Hayward m Edward VI. The precepts penned, or preached by the holy Apostles, were as divine and as perpetual in respect of obligation. White.

The digesting my thoughts into order, and the setting them down in writing was necessary; for without such strict examination, as the penning them affords, they would have been disjointed and roving ones. Digby on the Soul. Almost condemn'd, he mov'd the judges thus: Hear, but instead of me, my Oedipus ; The judges hearing with applause, at th' end Freed him, and said, no foul such lines had penn'd. Denham. Gentlemen should extempore, or after a little meditation, speak to some subject without penning of any thing. Locke.

Should I publish the praises that are so well penned, they would do honour to the persons who write them. Addism.

Twenty fools I never saw

Come with petitions fairly penn'd,
Desiring I should stand their friend.

Swift.

PENAL. adj. [penal, Fr. from pæna, Lat.]

1. Denouncing punishment; enacting punishment.

A person pending suit with the diocesan, shal be defended in the possession. Auliffe PENDULO'SITY. n. s. [from pendu PENDULOUSNESS. lous.] The state of hanging; suspension.

His slender legs he increased by riding, that is. the humours descended upon their pendulosity, having no support or suppedaneous stability. Brown's Vulg. Err. PENDULOUS. adj. [pendulus, Lat.] Hanging; not supported below.

All the plagues, that in the pendulous air Hang fated o'er men's faults, light on thy deuch Shakerp

ters.

Bellerophon's horse, framed of iron, and placed between two loadstones with wings expanded, hung pendulous in the air Erown.

The grinders are furnished with three roots, and in the upper jaw often four, because these are pewdulous. Ray.

Mark with a pen or pencil the most considerable things in the books you desire to remember.

Watts.

3. Any instrument of writing without ink. To PENCIL. v. n. [from the noun.] To paint.

Painting is almost the natural man;

For since dishonour trafficks with man's nature,
He is but outside: pencil'd figures are
Ev'n such as they give out.

Shakesp.

Pulse of all kinds diffus'd their od'rous pow`rs, Where nature pencils butterflies on flow'rs. Harte. PENDANT. n. s. [pendant, Fr.] 1. A jewel hanging in the ear. The spirits

Some thrid the mazy ringlets of her hair, Some hang upon the pendents of her ear. Any thing hanging by way of ornament. Unripe fruit, whose verdant stalks do cleave Close to the tree, which grieves no less to leave The smiling pendent which adorns her so, And until autumn on the bough should grow. 3. A pendulum. Obsolete.

Waller.

To make the same pendant go twice as fast as it did, or make every undulation of it in half the time it did, make the line, at which it hangs, double in geometrical proportion to the line at which it hanged before. Digby on the Soul.

Gratitude plants such generosity in the heart of man, as shall more effectually incline him to what is brave and becoming than the terror of any 4. A small flag in ships. penal law. 2. Used for the purposes of punishment; PENDENCE. n. s. [from Slopeness; inclination.

vindictive.

South.

Adamantine chains and penal fires. Milton. PENALITY. n. s. [ penalité, old Fr.] Liableness to punishment; condemnation to punishment.

Many of the ancients denied the Antipodes, and some unto the penalty of contrary affirmations; bat the experience of navigations can now assert them beyond all dubitation. Brown. PENALTY. n. s. [from penalité, old Fr.] 1. Punishment; censure; judicial infliction.

Political power is a right of making laws with penalties of death, and consequently all less penalties, for preserving property, and employing the force of the community in the execution of laws.

Locke.

Beneath her footstool, science groans in chains, And wit dreads exile, penalties, and pains. Dunciad. 2. Forfeiture upon non-performance.

Lend this money, not as to thy friend, But lend it rather to thine enemy, W no, if he break, thou may'st with better face Exact the penalty. Shakesp. Merchant of Venice. PENCE. n. s. The plural of penny; formed from pennies, by a contraction usual in the rapidity of colloquial speech.

The same servant found one of his fellow-ser

dule, Fr.] Any weight hung so as that it may easily swing backwards and forwards, of which the great law is, that its oscillations are always performed in equal

time.

And let me wring your heart, for so I shall, If it be made of penetrable stuff. PENETRABILITY. n. s. [from penetrable.] Susceptibility of impression from another body.

There being no mean between penetrability and impenetrability, passivity and activity, they being contrary; therefore the infinite rarefaction of the one quality is the position of its contrary. Cheyne.

PENETRAIL. n s. [ penetralia, Lat.] Interiour parts. Not in use

The heart resists purulent fumes, into whose penetrails to insinuate some time must be allowed. Harvey.

PENETRANCY. n. s. [from penetrant.) Power of entering or piercing.

The subtilty, activity and penetrancy of its effiuvia no obstacle can stop or repel, but they will make their way through all bodies. Ray PENETRANT. adj. [penetrant, Fr] Having the power to pierce or enter; sharp; subtile.

If the operation of these salts be in convenient glasses promoted by warmth, the ascending steams may easily be caught and reduced into a penetrant spirit. Boule.

The food, mingled with some dissolvent juices, is evacuated into the intestines, where it is further subtilized and rendered so fluid and penetrant, that the finer part finds its way in at the streight orifices of the lacteous veins. Ray

To PENETRATE. v. a. [penetro, Lat. penetrer, Fr.]

1. To pierce; to enter beyond the surface; to make way into a body.

Marrow is, of all other oily substances, the most penetrating. Arbuthnot on Aliments.

2. To affect the mind.

3. To reach the meaning.

The universe, and to each inward part With gentle penetration though unseen Shoots invisible virtue even to the deep. Milton. 2. Mental entrance into any thing abstruse. A penetration into the abstruse difficulties and depths of modern algebra and fluxions, is not worth the labour of those who design either of the three learned professions. Watts. 3. Acuteness; sagacity.

The proudest admirer of his own parts might consult with others, though of inferior capacity and penetration. Watts. PENETRATIVE. adj. [from penetrate.] 1. Piercing; sharp; subtile.

Let not air be too gross, nor too penetrative, nor subject to any foggy noisomeness from fens. Wotton. 2. Acute; sagacious; discerning.

O thou, whose penetrative wisdom found The south sea rocks and shelves, where thousands drown'd. Swift's Miscellanies.

3. Having the power to impress the mind.

Would'st thou see Thy master thus with pleacht arms, bending down His corrigible neck, his face subdu'd To penetrative shame. Shakesp. PENETRATIVENESS. n. s. [from penetratire.] The quality of being penetrative. PENGUIN. n. 8. [anser magellanicus, Lat.] 1. A bird. This bird was found with this

name, as is supposed, by the first discoverers of America; and penguin signifying in Welsh a white head, and the head of this fowl being white, it has been imagined that America was peopled from Wales; whence Hudibras:

British Indians nam'd from penguins Grew gives another account of the name, deriving it from pinquis, Latin, fat; but is, I believe, mistaken.

The penguin is so called from his extraordinary fatness: for though he be no higher than a large goose, yet he weighs sometimes sixteen pounds; his wings are extreme short and little, altogether unaseful for flight, but by the help whereof he swis very swiftly. Grew's Museum. 2. A fruit.

The penguin is very common in the West Indies, where the juice of its fruit is often put into punch, being of a sharp acid flavour: there is also a wine made of the juice of this fruit, but it will not keep good long.

Miller.

PENINSULA. n. s. [Lat. pene_insula; peninsule, Fr.] A piece of land almost surrounded by the sea, but joined by a narrow neck to the main.

A side of Milbrook lieth the peninsula of Inswork, on whose neckland standeth an ancient house Carew. PENINSULATED. adj. [from peninsula.] Almost surrounded by water.

Some schoolmen, fitter to guide penknives than swords, precisely stand upon it.

Bacon.

Holyday

We might as soon fell an oak with a penknife. PENMAN. n. s. [ pen and man.]

PENITENCE. n. s. [ penitence, Fr. pœni-|PE'NKNIFE. n. s. [pen and knife.] A tentia, Lat.] Repentance; sorrow for knife used to cut pens. crimes; contrition for sin, with amendments of life or change of the affections. Death is deferr'd, and penitence has room To mitigate, if not reverse the doom. Dryden. PENITENT. adj. [ penitent, Fr.pænitens, 1. One who professes the act of writing. Lat.] Repentant; contrite for sin; sor-2. An author; a writer. rowful for past transgressions, and resolutely amending life.

Much it joys me

To see you become so penitent.

Shakesp.

Nor in the land of their captivity Humbled themselves, or penitent besought

The God of their forefathers.

Milton.

Provoking God to raise them enemies;

The four evangelists, within fifty years af er our Saviour's death, consigned to writing that history, which had been published only by the apostles and disciples; the further consideration of these holy penmen will fall under another part of this discourse. Addison.

The descriptions which the evangelists give, shew that both our blessed Lord and the holy penmen of his story were deeply affected. Atterbury.

From whom as oft he saves them penitent. Milton. PENNACHED. adj. [ pennachè, Fr.] Ap

The proud he tam'd, the penitent he chear'd, Nor to rebuke the rich offender fear'd;

His preaching much, but more his practice wrought, A living sermon of the truths he taught. Dryden. PENITENT. n. s.

1. One sorrowful for sin.

Concealed treasures shall be brought into use

plied to flowers when the ground of the natural colour of their leaves is radiated and diversified neatly without any confusion. Trevoux.

Carefully protect from violent rain your pennached tulips,covering them with inatrasses. Evelyn.

by the industry of converted penitents, whose car- PENNANCE. n. s. [penence, old Fr. for

cases the impartial laws shall dedicate to the worms of the earth. Bacon.

The repentance, which is formed by a grateful sense of the divine goodness towards him, is resolved on while all the appetites are in their strength the penitent conquers the temptations of sin in their full force. Rogers.

2. One under censures of the church, but admitted to pennance.

The counterfeit Dionysius describes the practice of the church, that the catechumens and penitents were admitted to the lessons and psalms, and then excluded. Stillingfleet.

3. One under the direction of a confessor. PENITENTIAL adj. [from penitence.] Expressing penitence; enjoined as pen.

nance.

penitence.] Infliction either publick or private, suffered as an expression of repentance for sin.

And bitter pennance, with an iron whip, Was wont him once to disciple every day. Spenser. Mew her up, And make her bear the pennance of her tongue. Shakesp

No penitentiary, though he had enjoined him never so straight pennance to expiate his first offence, would have counselled him to have given Bacon. over the pursuit of his right. The scourge

Inexorable, and the torturing hour
Calls us to pennance.

Milton's Par. Lost.

A Lorain surgeon who whipped the naked part with a great rod of nettles till all over blistered, persuaded him to perform this pennance in a sharp fit he had. Temple.

PENNANT. n. s. [ pennon, Fr.]
1. A small flag, ensign, or colours.

I have done pennance for contemning love, Whose high imperious thoughts have punish'd me With bitter fasts and penitential groans. Shakesp; Is it not strange, that a rational man should adore leeks and garlick, and shed penitential tears 2. A tackle for hoisting things on board. PENITENTIAL. n. s. [penitenciel, Fr. PE'NNATED. adj. [pennatus, Lat.] pænitentiale, low Lat.] A book directing 1. Winged. the degrees of pennance.

at the smell of a deified onion?

South.

The penitentials or book of pennance contained such matters as related to the imposing of pennance, and the reconciliation of the person that suffered pennance. Ayliffe.

PENITENTIARY. n. s. [ penitencier, Fr. pænitentiarius, low Lat.]

1. One who prescribes the rules and mea sures of pennance.

2.

Upon the loss of Urbin, the duke's undoubted right, no penitentiary, though he had enjoined him never so straight pennance to expiate his first offence, would have counselled him to have given over pursuit of his right, which he prosperously

re-obtained

Bacon.

The great penitentiary with his counsellers prescribes the measure of penuance. Ayliffe's Parerg. A penitent; one who does pennance.

A prison restrained John Northampton's liberty, who, for abusing the same in his unruly mayoralty of London, was condemned hither as aerpetual penitentiary, Carew.

To maintain a painful fight against the law of sin, is the work of the penitentiary. Hammond. 3. The place where pennance is enjoined. Ainsworth. PENITENTLY. adv. [from penitent.] With repentance; with sorrow for sin; with contrition.

Ainsworth.

2. Pennated, amongst botanists, are those leaves of plants as grow directly one against another on the same rib or stalk; as those of ash and walnut-tree. Quincy. PENNER. n. s. [from pen.]

1. A writer.

2. A pencase. Ainsworth. So it is called in Scotland.

PE'NNILESS. adj. [from penny] Moneyless; poor; wanting money. PENNON. n. s. [pennon, Fr.] A small flag or colour.

Her yellow locks crisped like golden wire, About her shoulders weren loosely shed,"

And when the wind amongst them did inspire, They waved like a pennon wide dispred. Spenser. Harry sweeps through our land With pennons painted in the blood of Harfleur.Shak. High on his pointed lance his pennon bore, His Cretan fight, the conquer'd Minotaur. Dryden. PENNY. n. s. plural pence. [peniz, Sax.] 1. A small coin, of which twelve make a shilling a penny is the radical denomination from which English coin is numbered, the copper halfpence and farthings being only nummorum famuli, a subordinate species of coin.

O e frugal on his birth-day fears to dine, Does at a penny's cost in herbs repine. 2. Proverbially. A small sum.

She sighs and shakes her empty shoes in vain., Dryden. No silver penny to reward her pain. Dryden. PENSION. n. s. [ pension, Fr.] An allowance made to any one without an equivalent. In England it is generally understood to mean pay given to a state hireling for treason to his country.

PE'NSILENESS. n. s. [from pensile.] The state of hanging.

You shall hear

The legions, now in Gallia, sooner landed
In our not fearing Britain, than have tidings
Of any penny tribute paid. Shakesp. Cymbeline

Shakesp. We will not lend thee a penny. Because there is a latitude of gain in buying and selling, take not the utmost penny that is lawful, for although it be lawful, yet it is not safe. Taylor.

3. Money in general.

Pepper and Sabean incense take; And with post-haste thy running markets make; Be sure to turn the penny.

Dryden It may be a contrivance of some printer, who hath a mind to make a penny. Swift's Miscellany PENNYROYAL, or pudding grass. n. s. [pulegium, Lat.] A plant. Miller. PENNYWEIGHT. n. s. [ penny and weight.] A weight containing twenty-four grains troy weight.

The Sevile piece of eight is 1 pennyweight in

the pound worse than the English standard, weighs fourteen pennyweight, contains thirteen pennyweight, twenty-one grains and ffteen mites, of which there are twenty in the grain of sterling silver, and is in value forty-three English pence and eleven hundredths of a penny. Arbuthnot.

PENNYWISE. adj. [ penny and wise.] One who saves small sums at the hazard of larger; one who is a niggard on improper occasions.

Be not pennywise; riches have wings and fly away of themselves."

Bacon.

PENNYWORTH. n. s. [ penny and worth.] J. As much as is bought for money. 2. Any purchase; any thing bought or sold for money.

As for corn it is nothing natural, save only for barley and oats, and some places for rye; and therefore the larger pennyworths may be allowed to them. Spenser on Ireland. Pirates may make cheap penn'worths of their pillage,

And purchase friends.

Shakesp. Hen. VI.

1 say nothing to him, for he hath neither Latin, French, nor Italian, and you may come into court, and swear that I have a poor pennyworth of the English. Shakesp.

Lucian affirms, that the souls of usurers after their death are translated into the bodies of asses, and there remain certain days for poor men to take their pennyworths out of their bones and sides by cudgel and spur. Peacham.

Though in purchases of church lands men have usually the cheapest pennyworths, yet they have not always the best bargains.

South.

A charity bestowed on the education of her young subjects has more merit than a thousand Addison. pensions to those of a higher fortune.

He has lived with the great without flattery, and been a friend to men in power without pensions. Pope. Chremes, for airy pensions of renown, Devotes his service to the state and crown. Young To PENSION. v. a. [from the noun ] To support by an arbitrary allowance.

One might expect to see medals of France in the highest perfection, when there is a society pensioned and set apart for the designing of them. Addison on Medals. The hero William, and the martyr Charles, One knighted Blackmore, and one pensioned Quarles. Pope.

Would'st thou unlock the door To cold despairs and gnawing pensiveness? Herbert. PENT. part. pass. of pen. Shut up.

Cut my lace asunder,

That my pent heart may have some scope to beat. Shakesp.

The son of Clarence have 1 pent up close. Shak. The soul pure fire, like ours, of equal force; But rent in flesh, must issue by discourse. Dryden. Pent up m Utica he vainly formis A poor epitome of Roman greatness. Addison. PENTACA'PSULAR. adj. [wéile and capsular.] Having five cavities. PENTACHORD. n. s. [wile and xog♪n.] An instrument with five strings. PENTAE DROUS. adj. [wink, and id¤.] Having five sides.

The pentaedrous columnar coralloid bodies are composed of plates set lengthways, and passing from the surface to the axis. Woodward.

PENTAGON. n. s. [pentagon, Fr. woh and yra. A figure with five angles. I know of that famous piece at Capralera, cast by Baroccio into the form of a pentagon with a circle inscribed. Wotton.

Donne.

Scorn his household policies, His silly plots and pensionary spies. They were devoted by pensionary obligations to the olive. Howel.

PENSIONER. n. s. [from pension.] 1. One who is supported by an allowance paid at the will of another; a dependant. Prices of things necessary for sustentation, grew excessive to the hurt of pensioners, soldiers, and all hired servants. Camden.

Hovering dreams, The fickle pensioners of Morpheus' train. Milton. Those persons whom he trusted with his greatest secret and greatest business, his charity, seldom had recourse to him, but he would make enquiry for new pensioners. Fell. The rector is maintained by the perquisites of the curate's office, and therefore is a kind of pen

sioner to him.

Collier.

2. A slave of state hired by a stipend to obey his master.

In Britain's senate he a seat obtains, And one more pensioner St. Stephen gains. Pope.

PE'NSIVE. adj. [ pensif, Fr. pensivo, Ital.] Sorrowfully thoughtful; sorrowful; mournfully serious; melancholy.

1.

Think it still a good work, which they in their pensive care for the well bestowing of time account Hooker.

waste.

Are you at leisure, holy father? -My leisure serves me, pensive daughter, now. Shakesp.

Anxious cares the pensive nymph opprest, And secret passions labour'd in her breast. Pope.

3. Something advantageously bought; a 2. It is generally and properly used of per

Quinquangular; having five angles.

The body being cut transversely, its surface appears like a net made up of pentagonal meshes, Woodward. with a pentagonal star in each mesh. PENTA METER. n. s. [pentametre, Fr. pentametrum, Lat.] A Latin verse of five feet.

Mr. Distich may possibly play some pentameters upon us, but he shall be answered in Alexandrines. Addison. PENTANGULAR. adj. [wil and angular.] Five cornered.

His thick and bony scales stand in rows, so as to make the flesh almost pentangular. Grew. PENTAPETALOUs. adj. [ σίλ and πέταλον.] Having five petals or leaves. PENTASPAST. n. s. [ pentaspaste, Fr. wi and owáw] An engine with five pullies.

Dict. PENTA'STICK. n. s. [wile and sixe.] A composition consisting of five verses. PENTASTYLE. n. s. [le and oru.] In architecture, a work in which are five rows of columns. Dict. P'ENTATEUCH. n. s. [le and Tex; pentateuque, Fr.] The five books of Moses. The author in the ensuing part of the pentateuch makes not unfrequent mention of the angels. Bentl Hesiod in his commerce with the daughters of memory had recourse to foreign correspondents and often drew bills at sight on the pentateuch. Whyte's Poems, Prel. Essay

PENTECOST. n. s. [x; pentacoste, Fr.]

1. A feast among the Jews.

Pentecost signifies the fiftieth, because this feas was celebrated the fiftieth day after the sixteent of Nisan, which was the second day of the feas of the passover; the Hebrews call it the feast o weeks, because it was kept seven weeks after the passover: they then offered the first fruits of th wheat harvest, which then was completed: it wa instituted to oblige the Israelites to repair to th temple, there to acknowledge the Lord's dominion and also to render thanks to God for the law 1 had given them from mount Sinai, on the fiftier day after their coming out of Egypt. Calme 2. Whitsuntide.

"Tis since the nuptial of Lucentio, Come pentecost as quickly as it will, Some five and twenty years.

The Turks lurking under their penthouse, laboured with mattocks to dig up the foundation of the wall. Knolles.

Those defensive engines, made by the Romans into the form of penthouses, to cover the assailants from the weapons of the besieged, would he presently batter in pieces with stones and blocks.

Wilkins. My penthouse eye-brows and my shaggy beard Offend your sight; but these are manly signs. Dryden. The chill rain Drops from some penthouse on her wretched head. Rowe.

Miller.

A physician had often tried the peony root unseasonably gathered without success; but having gathered it when the d creasing moon passes under Aries, and tied the slit root about the necks of his patients, he had freed more than one from epileptical fits. Boyle. PEOPLE. n. s. [ peuple, Fr. populus, Lat.] 1. A nation: those who compose a community. In this sense is read peoples. Prophesy again before many peoples and nations and tongues. Revelations, x. 11. Ants are a people not strong, yet they prepare their meat in summer. Proverbs, xxx. 25. What is the city, but the people? -True, the people are the city.Shakesp. Coriolanus. The vulgar.

PENTICE. n. s. [appentir, Fr. pendice, Ital. It is commonly supposed a corruption of penthouse; but perhaps pen- 2. tice is the true word.] A sloping roof. Climes that fear the falling and lying of much snow, ought to provide more inclining pentices. Wotton. PENTILE. n. s. [pent and tile.] A tile. formed to cover the sloping part of the roof; they are often called pantiles.

Pentiles are thirteen inches long, with a button to hang ou the laths; they are hollow and circular. Moron.

PENT up, part. adj. [pent, from vp.] Shut up.

Close pent up guilts,

pen and

I must like beasts or common people dye, Unless you write my elegy. The knowing artist may Judge better than the people, but a play Made for delight,

Cowley.

Waller.

If you approve it not, has no excuse. 3. The commonalty; not the princes or

Rive your concealing continents.

Shakesp. [penultimus, 4.

PENULTIMATE. adj.
Lat.] Last but one.
PENUMBRA. n. s. [ pene and umbra, Lat.]
An imperfect shadow; that part of the
shadow which is half light.

The breadth of this image answered to the sun's

diameter, and was about two inches and the eighth part of an inch, including the penumbra. Newton. PENURIOUS. adj. [from penuria, Lat.] 1. Niggardly; sparing; not liberal; sordidly mean.

What more can our penurious reason grant To the large whale or castled elephant?

2. Scant; not plentiful.

Some penurious spring by chance appear'd Scanty of water.

Prior.

Addison.

nobles.

Of late

When corn was given gratis, you repin'd, Scandal'd the suppliants; for the people call'd them Time-pleasers, flatterers. Shakesp. Myself shall mount the rostrum in his favour, And strive to gain his pardon from the people. Addison

Persons of a particular class. If a man temper his actions to content every combination of people, the musick will be the fuller.

produced by three distinct plants: black pepper is a dried fruit of the size of a vetch and roundish, but rather of a deep brown than a black colour: with this we are supplied from Java, Malabar, and Sumatra, and the plant has the same heat and fiery taste that we find in the pepper: white pepper is commonly factitious, and prepared from the black, by taking off the outer bark; but there is a rarer sort, which is a genuine fruit naturally white long pepper is a fruit gathered while unripe and dried, of an inch or an inch and half in length, and of the thickness of a large goose quill. Hill. Scatter o'er the blooms the pungent dust Of pepper, fatal to the frosty tribe. PEPPER. v. a. [from the noun] To sprinkle with pepper.

:

Thomson.

To beat; to mangle with shot or blows. I have peppered two of them; two I have paid, two rogues in buckram suits. Shakesp. Henry IV. PEPPERBOX. n. s. [ pepper and box.] A box for holding pepper.

I will now take the leacher; he cannot creep into a halfpenny purse nor into a pepper-box.Shak. PEPPERCORN. n. s. [pepper and corn.] Any thing of inconsiderable value.

Our performances, though dues, are like those peppercorns which freeholders pay their landlord to acknowledge that they hold all from him. Boyle. Folks from mud-wall'd tenement Bring landlords peppercorn for rent. Prior. PEPPERMINT. n. s. [ pepper and mint ; piperitis.] Mint eminently hot. PEPPERwort. n. s. [pepper and wort.] A plant. Miller.

PEPTICK. adj. [.] What helps digestion. Ainsworth. PERACUTE. adj. [peracutus, Lat.] Very sharp; very violent.

Malign, continual peracute fevers, after most dangerous attacks, suddenly remit of the ardent heat. Harvey. PERADVENTURE. adv. [par adventure, Fr.]

A small red flower in the stubble fields country Bacon. people call the wincopipe.

5. Men, or persons in general. In this sense, the word people is used indefinitely, like ou in French.

To

customs.

PEOPLE. v. a. [peupler, Fr.] To stock

with inhabitants.

Suppose that Brute, or whosoever else that first peopled this island, had arrived upon Thames, and called the island after his name Britannia. Raleigh. He would not be alone, who all things can: But peopled heav'n with angels, earth with man. Dryden. Beauty a monarch is . Which kingly power magnificently proves By crouds of slaves, and peopled empire loves. Dryden

A peopled city made a desert place. Dryden. Imperious death directs his ebon lance; Peoples great Henry's tombs, and leads up Holben's dance.

Prior

PEPA'STICKS. n. s. [wwάww.] Medicines which are good to help the rawness of the stomach and digest crudities. Dict. PEPPER. n. s. [piper, Lat. poivre, Fr.]

We have three kinds of pepper; the black, the white, and the long, which are three different fruits

Perhaps; may be; by chance.

That wherein they might not be like unto either, was such peradventure as had been no whi less unlawful. Hooker. As you return, visit my house; let our old acquaintance be renew'd; peradventure I will with you to court. Shakesp. What peradventure may appear very full to me, may appear very crude and maimed to a stranger Digby. Doubt; question. It is sometimes used as a noun, but not gracefully nor properly.

Though men's persons ought not to be hated, yet without all peradventure their practices justly South.

may.

To PERA'GRATE. v. a. [peragro, Lat.] To wander over; to ramble through.

A month of peragration is the time of the moon's revolution from any part of the zodiack unto the same again, and this containeth but twenty-seven days and eight hours. Brown.

The moon has two accounts which are her months or years of revolution; one her periodick month, or month of peragration, which chiefly respects her own proper motion or place in the zodiack, by which she like the sun performs her revolution round the zodiack from any one point to le ame again. Holder on Time.

To PERAMBULATE. v. a. [perambulo, Lat]

Persons the lord deputy should nominate to view and perambulate Irish territories, and thereupon to divide and limit the same. Davies on Irel. 3. To visit the boundaries of the parish. PERAMBULATION. n. s. [from perambulate.]

1. The act of passing through or wander

ing over.

The duke looked still for the coming back of the Armada, even when they were wandering and making their perambulation of the northern seas. Bacon.

2. A travelling survey.

France is a square of five hundred and fifty miles traverse, thronging with such multitudes,

that the general calcul, made in the last perumb

lution, exceeded eighteen millions. 3. A district; limit of jurisdiction.

Howel.

It might in point of conscience be demanded, by what authority a private person can extend a - personal correction beyond the persons and bounds Holyday. of his own perambulation?

4. Survey of the bounds of the parish annually performed. PERCASE adv. [par and case.] Perchance; perhaps. Not used.

A virtuous man will be virtuo is in solitudine, and not only in theatro, though percase it will be more strong by glory and fame, as an heat which is doubled by reflection. Bacon. PERCEANT. adj. [perçant, Fr.] Piercing penetrating. Obsolete.

Wond'rous quick and perceant was his spright As eagles eyes, that can behold the sun. Spenser. PERCEIVABLE. adj. [from perceive.] Perceptable; such as falls under perception.

;

The body, though it really moves, yet not changing perceivable distance with some other bodies, as fast as the ideas of our own minds will follow one another, seems to stand still; as the Locke. hands of clocks.

That which we perceive when we see figure, as perceivable by sight, nothing but the termination Locke. of colour.

PERCEIVABLY. adv. [from perceivable.] In such a manner as may be observed or known.

To PERCEIVE. v. a. [percipio, Lat.] 1. To discover by some sensible effects. Consider,

When you above perceive me like a crow, That it is place which lessens and sets off. Shakesp. 2. To know; to observe.

Jesus perceived in his spirit, that they so reasoned within themselves. Mark, ii. 8. His sons come to honour, and he knoweth it not; and they are brought low, but he perceiveth it not. Job, xiv. 21. Till we ourselves see it with our own eyes, and perceive it by our own understandings, we are still in the dark. Locke.

2.

3.

They wing'd their flight aloft, then stooping low,

Perch'd on the double tree, that bears the golden bough. Dryden

Glory, like the dazzling eagle, stood Perch'd on my bever in the Granic flood; When fortune's self my standard trembling bore, And the pale fates stood frighted on the shore. Lee. Hosts of birds that wing the liquid air, Perch'd in the boughs, had nightly lodging there. Druden.

More

consciousness.

Matter hath no life nor perception, and is not conscions of its own existence. Bentley's Sermons.

Perception is that act of the mind, or rather a passion or impression, whereby the mind becomes conscious of any thing; as when I feel honger, Watts thirst, cold, or heat.

The act of perceiving; observation.
Notion; idea.

By the inventors, and their followers that would seem not to come too short of the perceptions of the leaders, they are magnified. Hale's Origin of Mank. 4. The state of being affected by something.

Great mountains have a perception of the disposition of the air to tempests sooner than the vallies below; and therefore they say in Wales, when certain hills have their night caps on, they mean mischief. Bacon.

This experiment discovereth perception in plants to move towards that which should comfort them, Bacon. though at a distance. PERCEPTIVE. adj. [perceptus, Lat.] Having the power of perceiving.

There is a difficulty that pincheth; the soul is awake and solicited by external motions, for some of them reach the perceptive region in the most silent repose and obscurity of night: what is it Glanville. then that prevents our sensations?

Whatever the least real point of the essence of the perceptive part of the soul does perceive, every real point of the perceptive must perceive at once. More's Divine Dialogues. PERCEPTIVITY. n. s. [from perceptive.] The power of perception or thinking. Locke. PERCH. n. s. [perca, Lat. perche, Fr.]

The perch is one of the fishes of prey, that, like the pike and trout, carries his teeth in his mouth: he dare venture to kill and destroy several other kinds of fish: he has a hooked or hog back, which is armed with stiff bristles, and all his skin armed with thick hard scales, and hath two fins on his back he spawns but once a year, and is held Walton's Angler. very nutritive. PERCH. n. s. [pertica, Lat. perche, Fr.] The upper regions of the air perceive the colleetion of the matter of tempests before the air here 1. A measure of five yards and an half; a

How do they come to know that themselves. think, when they themselves do not perceive it? Locke.

3. To be affected by.

below.

Bacon.

pole.

:

PERCEPTIBILITY. n. s. [from percepti-2.[ perche, Fr.] Something on which ble.]

1. The state of being an object of the senses or mind; the state of being per-To ceptible.

2. Perception; the power of perceiving. Not proper.

The illumination is not so bright and fulgent, as to obscure or extinguish all perceptibility of the More.

How long within this wood intend you stay? -Prchance till after Theseus' wedding day Shak Finding him by nature little studious, she che se rather to endue him with ornaments of youth; as dancing and fencing, not without aim then per Wotton. chance at a courtier's life. Only Smithfield ballad perchance to embalm the memory of the other. L'Estrange.

PE'RCHERS. n. s. Paris candles used in England in ancient times; also the larger sort of wax candles, which were usually set upon the altar.

PERCIPIENT. adj. [percipiens, Lat.] Perceiving; having the power of perception.

No article of religion hath credibility enough for them; yet these cautious and quicksighted gentlemen can wink and swallow this sottish opinion about percipient atoms. Bentley

Sensation and perception are not inherent in matter as such; for if it were so, every stock of stone would be a percipient and rational creature. Bentley PERCIPIENT. n. s. One that has the

power of perceiving.

The soul is the sole percipient, which hath ani madversion and sense properly so called, and th body is only the receiver of corporeal impression: Glanville's Scensi

Nothing in the extended percipient perceive the whole, but only part. More's Divine Dialogue PERCLOSE. n. s. [ per and close.] Cor clusion; last part. Obsolete.

By the perclose of the same verse, vagabond understood for such an one as travelleth it fear revengement. Raleig

To PERCOLATE. v. a. [percolo, Lat To strain through.

The evidences of fact are percolated through vast period of ages. Hale's Origin of Mankin PERCOLATION. n. s. [from percolate The act of straining; purification or s paration by straining.

Experiments touching the straining and passi of bodies one through another, they call perce Bac