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"The history of eloquence at Athens is remarkable. From a very early period great speakers had flourished there. Pisistratus and Themistocles are said to have owed much of their influence to their talents for debate. We learn, with more

certainty, that Pericles was distinguished by extraordinary oratorical powers. The substance of some of his speeches is transmitted to us by Thucydides, and that excellent writer has doubtless faithfully reported the general line of his arguments."-LORD MACAULAY: On the Athenian Orators: Knight's Quarterly Magazine, August. 1824, and in his works, complete, 1866, 8 vols., 8vo, vii.

668.

"His oration upon those who fell in the first campaign of the Peloponnesian war has been pronounced the most remarkable of all the compositions of antiquity."-REV. JAMES TAYLOR, D.D.: Imperial Dict. of Univ. Biog., iii. 644.

ened by a long acquaintance, and warm in thing unfavourably expressed, in respect to his affections, may quickly pronounce everywhat he wishes and what he knows; whilst the stranger pronounceth all exaggerated, through envy of those deeds which he is conscious are above his own achievement. For the praises bestowed on others are then only to be endured when men imagine they can do those feats they hear to have been done; they envy what they cannot equal, and immediately pronounce it false. Yet, as this solemnity has received its sanction from the authority of our ancestors, it is my duty to obey the law, and to endeavour to procure, so far as I am able, the good will and approbation of all my audience.

I shall therefore begin first with our forefathers, since both justice and decency require that we should, on this occasion, bestow on them an honourable remem

THE ORATION WHICH WAS SPOKEN BY PERI-brance. In this our country they kept

CLES AT THE PUBLIC FUNERAL OF THOSE ATHENIANS WHO HAD BEEN FIRST KILLED IN THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR. (From THUCYDIDES.)

Many of those who have spoken before me on occasions of this kind have commended the author of that law which we are now obeying, for having instituted an oration to the honour of those who sacrifice their lives in fighting for their country. For my part, I think it sufficient for men who have approved their virtue in action, by action to be honoured for it-by such as you see the public gratitude now performing about this funeral; and that the virtues of many ought not to be endangered by the management of any one person, when their credit must precariously depend on his oration, which may be good, and may be bad. Difficult indeed it is, judiciously to handle a subject where even probable truth will hardly gain assent. The hearer, enlight

to

themselves always firmly settled; and, through their valour, handed it down free every since succeeding generation. Worthy, indeed, of praise are they, and yet more worthy are our immediate fathers; since, enlarging their own inheritance into the extensive empire which we now possess, they bequeathed that, their work of toil, to us their sons. Yet even these successes, we ourselves, here present, who are yet in the strength and vigour of our days, have nobly improved, and have made such provisions for this our Athens, that now it is all-sufficient in itself to answer every exigence of war and of peace. I mean not here to recite those martial exploits by which these ends were accomplished, or the resolute defences we ourselves and our forefathers have made against the formidable invasions of Barbarians and Greeks. Your own knowledge of these will excuse the long detail. But by what methods we have rose to this height of glory and power; by what

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