NOTES.

C. I. § 1. 1. 2. his annis viginti. Within the last twenty years,' i. e. from Cicero's consulship B. C. 63 to B. C. 44, both years inclusive, according to the Roman reckoning. In § 119, (abhinc annos prope viginti), the difference of months is taken into

account.

1. 3. bellum indixerit: p. Sulla, § 28: cum mihi uni cum omnibus inprobis aeternum videam esse bellum susceptum.

1. 5. vobiscum etc. So without sed p. Caelio, § 43: ex quibus neminem mihi libet nominare: vosmet vobiscum recordamini. Phil. II. § 17: Cui? neminem nominabo: putate etc.

1. 6. illi. Cf. line II.

[plus etc. de Leg. II. §§ 43, 44: Vidimus illos, qui, nisi odissent patriam, numquam inimici nobis fuissent... plus poenarum habeo quam petivi. MAN. Cf. p. Mil. c. 13. § 33. HEUS.]

optarem, constructed like vellem (p. patefactum paulo citius quam vellem): still had the choice.'

Sest. § 82: quod ni esset than I would wish, if I

te, Antoni. Intr. § 57. [Cf. Dio XLV. 47. ABR.]

1. 13. ad. Cf. ep. ad Att. VIII. 4. § 1: Cui qui noster honos, quod obsequium, quae etiam ad ceteros contempti cuiusdam hominis commendatio defuit? Liv. II. 10. § II: rem ausus plus famae habituram ad posteros quam fidei.

§ 2. 1. 14. [Quid putem, etc. Quintil. XI. 1. § 25 seq.: Verum eloquentiae ut indecora iactatio, ita nonnunquam concedenda fiducia est. Nam quis reprehendat haec? Quid putem? . . . possit Antonius. Et paulo post apertius: An decertare . . Antonium dicere.]

1. 19. uni conservatae. Cf. or. Catil. III. § 15. IV. § 20. Phil. XIV. § 24. [infr. § 13. So in a letter to Cato, ad Fam. XV. 4. § 11: Tu idem mihi supplicationem decrevisti togato, non, ut multis, re publica bene gesta, sed ut nemini, re publica conservata. MAN.]

1. 21. hoc q. etc. He could not shew me a greater kind

ness.

1. 22. quid uberius sc. cuiquam.

P. 2. 1.1. Illud profecto. Certainly that is it; [I assigned the right motive for his conduct (§ 1. 1. 13.)]

c. II. § 3. 1. 6. contra rem suam venisse, sc. in iudicio aliquo. r. s. not se, because Cic. did not directly oppose Ant., but only appeared in a case in which he took an interest. On the expres

sion cf. Phil. VIII. § 18: cum suo magno esset beneficio, venisse eum contra se. p. Rosc. Com. § 18: Quid? tu, Saturi, qui contra hunc venis, existimas aliter? p. Rosc. Am. § 147: scis hune nihil umquam contra rem tuam cogitasse etc. The details of the case are unknown.

1. 7. An, in the refutation of an objection, cf. § 38 and Seyffert's Schol. Lat. § 53.

1. 8. pro familiari, Sicca. See ad Att. XVI. II. § 1: [De Sicca ita est, ut scribis. At st aegre me tenui. Itaque perstringam sine ulla contumelia Siccae aut Septimiae; tantum, ut sciant waîdes waldwv... eum ex Galli Fadii filia liberos habuisse .. Atque utinam eum diem videam, cum ista oratio (Phil. II.) ita libere vagetur, ut etiam in Siccae domum introeat.]

1. 8. gratiam, which Sicca's adversary enjoyed.

1. 10.

iniur. quam obt. )( ius suum contra aliquem obtinere. [cf. Liv. XXIX. I. § 17: pertinaces ad obtinendam iniuriam. Tac. H. 11. 84: obt. iniquitates. Obt. is to maintain, uphold, carry through, etc. never to obtain' (consequi) 'quo sensu nemo bonus scriptor posuit,' says Madvig on Cic. de fin. II. § 71. See Cic. ad

Q. fr. 1. 1. § 35: nos eam necessitatem, quae est nobis cum publicanis, obtinere et conservare patientur; i.e. to secure and preserve our existing alliance. Liv. III. 36. § 9: possessum semel obt. imperium, where see Gronov. Cf. infr. §§ 48, 71, 109. Tac. Agric. 23.] interc. It is doubtful whether this refers to the official interposition of a tribune (who had no right to meddle with a private suit, such as this seems to have been, cf. iure praetorio), or merely to the mediation of some man of influence.

1. 12.

hoc, contra rem tuam me venisse. inf. ordini = hominibus infimis, and esp. to the ordo libertinorum, to which the client of Antonius belonged.

1. 14. liberos tuos, 'children of yours.' Intr. n. 15. Q. Fadii. A gloss, otherwise it must have been joined with lib. gen. (Campe).

1. 15. fuisse, not esse, because according to Roman notions the death of Fadius had dissolved the tie. [Cic. p. Sest. § 6: Ademit Albino soceri nomen mors filiae, where see Halm's note. Add p. Cluent. § 41: Dinaea testamentum faciente, cum tabulas prehendisset Oppianicus, qui gener eius fuisset.] At enim, introduces a new objection of Antonius. [= ¿λλà vn Ala.] in disc. Cf. Hor. epist. II. I. 103 seq. [After assuming the toga virilis, the young Roman attached himself to some experienced orator or statesman, with whom he attended the forum and courts of law.

Thus M. Cælius was deductus a patre to Cicero. (p. Cael. § 9). Tac. dial. 34: Ergo apud maiores nostros iuvenis ille qui foro et eloquentiae parabatur, imbutus iam domestica disciplina, refertus honestis studiis deducebatur a patre vel a propinquis ad eum oratorem, qui principem in civitate locum obtinebat, hunc sectari, hunc prosequi, huius omnibus dictionibus interesse sive in iudiciis sive in contionibus adsuescebat, etc. Plin. ep. II. 14. § 3, Cic. Lael. § 1. ABR. Quintil. XII. 11. § 5: Frequentabunt vero eius domum optimi iuvenes more veterum, et veram dicendi viam velut ex oraculo petent. Cf. ibid. x. 5. § 19. Cicero himself was committed by his father to the care of M. Pupius Piso (Ascon. in Pison. p. 15): quod in eo et antiquae vitae similitudo et multae erant litterae.]

[1. 17. Ne.

Ritschl Proleg. ad Plaut. Trinum. p. XCVII. 'prorsus novicia affirmandi particula nae est quam constantissimo testimonio antiqui libri ne fuisse consentiunt.']

1. 19. C. Curionem. See c. 18.

§ 4. 1. 20.

concessisse, i.e. that you retired in my favour. [1. 22. expetitum. ad Fam. XV. 4. § 13. MANUT.]

[1. 23. Pompeius. Cf. Phil. XIII. § 12: in primis paternum auguratus locum, in quem ego eum, (Sex. Pompeium), ut quod a patre accepi, filio reddam, mea nominatione cooptabo. ORELLI.] [Q. Hortensius. When Cic. on his return from Cilicia (Aug. B. C. 50) arrived at Rhodes, he heard of the death of Hort. on which (Brut. § 1): interitu talis auguris dignitatem nostri collegii deminutam dolebam; qua in cogitatione et cooptatum me ab eo in collegium recordabar, et inauguratum ab eodem.]

nominaverunt. Two members of the college (consisting since Sulla of 15 augurs, to which number Cæsar added one) nominated probably three candidates, out of whom by the lex Domitia of B.C. 104, the new augur was elected at the comitia tributa (not by all 35 tribes, but by 17 determined by lot). Then followed the cooptatio by the college, at this time a mere form, and the inauguration. Cicero became augur B. C. 53, on the death of M. Crassus; Antonius B. C. 50. Intr. § 8.

[1. 24. solvendo. Priscian (XVIII. § 286), after quoting this passage, adds: i.e. solvere debita non poteras. Madvig, § 415. n. I. Cf. oneri ferendo esse. Plin. hist. nat. XXI. § 96: radix eius vescendo est decocta.]

..se

1. 26. incolumem &c. to escape bankruptcy. [Cf. p. Sest. § 18: Alter... puteali et faeneratorum gregibus inflatus, etiam invito senatu provinciam sperare dicebat; eamque nisi adeptus esset, se incolumem nullo modo fore arbitrabatur.]

1. 27. in Italia... non esset; he was then proquæstor in Asia. [ad fam. II. 6. MANUT.]

1. 28. sine Curione. Intr. n. 28. [ferre tribum, 'to carry a

tribe,' i.e. obtain its votes; so ferre puncta or suffragia. p. Planc. S$ 49, 53, 54; Hor. A. P. 343: Omne tulit punctum, qui miscuit utile dulci.]

1. 29. de vi, on account of the riots at the election. The relative introduces the refutation as in § 27.

c. III. § 5. 1. 32. [semper etc. § 59. I. § II: cui (Ant.) sum amicus, idque me non nullo eius officio debere esse prae me semper tuli. Intr. § 15. Plut. Cic. 39.]

P. 3. 1. I. minus prudenti: for no prudens can regard it as a beneficium.

1. 2. Sed takes up the question Quo? (p. 2. 1. 31). cf. § 8: quid habes quod mihi opponas sed quid opponas tandem etc. I. § 23, II. § 80, Zumpt, § 739.

1. 5. in Italiam etc. Intr. n. 54.

[1. 6. Fac p. Suppose Cæsar had not restrained you. So § 60: fac te dedisse.]

[1. 7. benef. latr. Salvian. de Gubern. Dei, VIII. prope fin.: Latrones quidem hoc proverbio uti solent, ut quibus non auferant vitam, dedisse se dicant. Sen. de Ben. II. 12. § 1: C. Caesar dedit vitam Pompeio Penno, si dat qui non aufert. Cf. ib. c. 20. §3 (of Brutus and Cæsar): etc. ABR.] [ut. Suet. Aug. 94: Fuerunt qui interpretarentur, non aliud significare, quam ut is ordo, cuius insigne id esset, quandoque ei subiceretur. HEUS.]

1. 9. Quod si esset ben., to spare a man's life (p. Sull. § 72). In that case M. Brutus and Cassius and other TuρavvoкTÓVOL would be guilty of ingratitude, whom Cæsar spared after the battle of Pharsalus. To them was applied at Cæsar's funeral that verse of Pacuvius (Suet. Caes. 84): men servasse, ut essent qui me perderent! Cf. infr. § 116, [App. b. c. II. 146.]

L II. clarissimos. infr. §. 30. 1. § 6: patriae liberatores,... quos... ipsi consules in contionibus et in omni sermone laudabant.

§ 6. 1. 19. At in illa querella, i.e. the first Philippic. I refrained from personal reflections. [On the orthography of querella cf. Lachmann's canon on Lucr. III. 1014: 'habemus autem hic auctores non grammaticos verae rationis ignaros, sed eos libros e quibus orthographia vulgaris optime disci potest, Vergilium Mediceum, institutiones Gai, novum testamentum Fuldense a me editum, digesta Florentina. itaque simplici scribuntur in quibus e litteram longa syllaba praecedit, ut custodela clientela suadela candela sutela cautela tutela corruptela mandatela... acutela

7 geminatur ubi prima brevis est: eaque a tertia ac simplici forma (i. e. the 3rd conj.) fecerunt veteres, ut loquellam querellam sequellam luellam fugellam.']

misera quidem. In this form ille is generally inserted before quidem (1. § 17, II. §§ 22, 66, 93, and in the 2nd person tu quidem

(II. §§ 23, 102, 107; cf. Madvig, § 480 b). Here the demonstrative illa was required before querella. [cf. § 39. 1. 9.]

Intr. § 40.

1. 25. reliquias, the public treasure. §§ 34, 93. Cf. 1. § 17: Pecunia utinam ad Opis maneret! cruenta illa quidem, sed his temporibus, quoniam iis, quorum est, non redditur, necessaria. Quamquam ea quoque sit effusa, si ita in actis fuit.

1. 26. domi tuae. §§ 92, 95.

1. 28. de te, against the provisions of the lex Licinia et Aebutia (de leg. agr. II. § 21): quae non modo eum, qui tulerit de aliqua curatione ac potestate, sed etiam collegas eius, cognatos, adfines excipit, ne eis ea potestas curatiove mandetur.' On a violation of this law see Intr. n. 169. a te, i.e. not ex actis Caesaris.

auspicia augur, at the passing of the lex agraria and of that on the duration of provincial governments (Intr. § 53). See Phil. V. c. 3: Quam legem igitur se augur dicit tulisse non modo tonante Iove, sed prope caelesti clamore prohibente, hanc dubitabit contra auspicia latam confiteri? Quid? quod cum eo collega tulit, quem ipse fecit sua nuntiatione vitiosum, nihilne ad auspicia bonus augur pertinere arbitratus est? [Cf. infr. § 80 seq. Cic. ap. Dion. XLV. 27 ad fin.]

1. 29. intercessionem. ibid. § 9: sic vero erant disposita praesidia, ut, quo modo hostium aditus urbe prohibentur, ita castellis et operibus ab ingressione fori populum tribunosque plebis propulsari videres. As consul Ant. was especially bound to uphold all constitutional powers.

1. 31. inpudica so cod. Vat. and Non. [and Madvig] for pudica.

§ 7. 1. 32. M. Crasso, who fell in battle against the Parthians B. C. 53; with him Cicero, at the time when he paid court to Pompeius, lived on unfriendly terms. [Crassus was charged with complicity in Catiline's plot, and in Sallust's hearing (Catil. 48. § 9) attributed the affront to Cicero.]

P. 4. 1. 2. uno ...

Madvig, § 310. n. 2.]

nequiss. Zumpt, § 691. [infr. c. 34. § 84.

[1. 4. intellegat. Ritschl Proleg. p. xcvi. 'Nec antiquitas vel aequiparare vel intelligere et negligere formas novit, sed in his e vocalem probavit solam.']

c. IV. 1. 6. At etiam. On the emphatic at in transitions, cf. §§ 20, 43, 77, 86, 87, 97, 104. litteras. This letter is extant with that of Ant. ad Att. XIV. 13. A and B.

P. 6. 1. 6. diceret. Zumpt, § 551. cf. infr. § 60: quod... meminisset. [Madvig, § 357 a. note 2. With the same negligence, with which we say, 'he went away, because he said it was late,' the Romans said, e.g. (Cic. ad fam. VII. 16. § 3): Qui e Gallia veniunt, superbiam tuam accusant, quod negent, te percunctantibus respondere,= 'quod, ut dicunt, non respondeas,' de fin. I. § 4: