after a mask, taken from Franklin's face, and said to be a perfect likeness of him at that time,* his perceptives and reflectives are both large, the perceptives rather predominating, but reflectives prominent. But in the statue taken of him when old, and placed in a niche in the Franklin Library, in Fifth Street, near Chestnut, Philadelphia, Causality and Comparison stand out in the boldest relief, while Individuality and Eventuality are small. Most of the busts and engravings of this great philosopher found in shops, books, &c., represent him as old, and evince predominant reflective organs, but deficient perceptives. See the portrait of him in Peale's Museum.

Our next inquiry relates to the existence or absence of a corresponding change in his intellectual character. Of this we allow all to judge for themselves; but our firm conviction is, that young Franklin was remarkable for observation, memory in general, desire for acquiring knowledge, especially of an experimental character, and facility of communication, &c.; while old Franklin was all reason and philosophy, rich in ideas, full of pithy, sententious proverbs, which are only the condensation of Causality, and always tracing every thing up to the causes and laws of things, but less inclined to observe and remember facts as such.-Vol. iv. p. 53 of Part 2d, April 1842.

3. Pain at the top of the Head, simultaneously with Excitement of Religious Feeling. By O. S. FOWLER.

In 1838, a young gentleman from Del. Co., Pa., called on me for a phrenological examination. I found Veneration to be very large and active, his head high and long, and Marvellousness also fully developed. I told him he would take his chief delight in adoring his God, and also could often observe the hand of Providence in the events of his life. He then stated, that, for about year and a half, he had experienced a most excruciating pain in the top of his head; that his mind had been deeply and constantly exercised upon religious subjects; that when his mind was most troubled on that subject, the pain in the top of his head was most severe; and that he had called mainly to enquire what he could do to obtain relief. I directed him to wet his head frequently, especially upon the top, and to divert his mind as much as possible from religious subjects, by keeping it pre-occupied with other things.-Vol. iv. p. 127; May 1842.

* This original marble bust was, we believe, recently purchased by some scientific body in Philadelphia, and the original mask, taken from his face, was recently sold, among other effects of Oudon, for about two dollars, and was taken to Italy. Will not some American traveller in Italy procure this original, or a copy?

4. A similar Case of Religious Excitement with Headache.
By B. J. GRAY, New Fairfield, Connecticut.

Mr T. Parsels, of this town, has, for several weeks past, complained of having a most violent pain in the coronal region of his head. Knowing he had recently connected himself with the church, and that, of late, he had been very thoughtful upon religious subjects, I'concluded it was probable an undue excitement of the organs had created the pain in his head; inasmuch as he had made use of the usual remedies for headache proceeding from a disordered stomach. He also said it was entirely different from common headaches. I then asked him if religion were not the chief subject of his thoughts while awake. He answered, he could scarcely think of any thing else, that he had been uncommonly exercised in his mind on this class of subjects for the last two months,-had dreamed of hearing a voice that waked him from sleep, when at once the Saviour, clothed in white, appeared before him, and conversed with him. I asked if he experienced any pain after this vision. He said "the pain was very severe across the top of his head." I then placed my fingers on the organ of Marvellousness, and asked if the greatest pain were not there. He said it was. He has at other times, within a few weeks, dreamed of seeing the Saviour, and always experiences the same violent pain in the organs of Marvellousness and Veneration. I observed, in particular, that these organs were much warmer than other portions of the head. Veneration, however, is smaller than Marvellousness, and the pain is much more severe in the latter than in the former. Conscientiousness and Cautiousness are large, and this combination, I apprehend, produces his occasional doubts and fears of being lost, &c. I advised him to keep his mind from dwelling upon this class of subjects as much as possible for the present, and to work moderately; then, if it did not subside, to apply a blister, which I thought would reduce the excitement, and he would soon be well. I am no doctor; these are simply my views of the subject, and accord, I believe, with many similar instances recorded in your most valuable Journal.—Vol. iv. p. 174, July 1842.

5. Deficiency of the Power of Distinguishing Colours. By O. S. FOWLER. I know a man in Philadelphia, who can distinguish but one colour, and was forced to abandon the chinaware business because he could not distinguish colours; and yet he said he never saw a man who could read fine print with him. The Rev. H. H. Spaulding, missionary to the Rocky Mountain Indians, after I had examined his head, blindfolded, before an

audience in Prattsburg, and pronounced him destitute of Colour, stated that he could never distinguish colours, and never allowed himself to select his garments, but that all things had a dingy, indistinct, and similar look to him. Wm. Wharton, who lives in Spruce Street, near Fourth Street, Philadelphia, related to me the following: "Friend Fowler, thee examined the head of a friend of mine in Philadelphia, who could not distinguish between colours. Thee told him that he could not tell colours, and here, not long ago, wishing to purchase a piece of cloth for garments for his daughters, he found one, the texture of which suited him; but its colour was a bright red-a colour, thee knows, not very suitable for young Quakeresses-and when he brought it home, his wife chided. him for buying a colour that was so gay, and so particularly obnoxious to Quakers. He insisted that it was dark brown; but it was a bright red." This man could judge well of the texture of cloth, but not of its colour.-Vol. iv. p. 292; Oct. 1842.

6. Case of a Criminal in Auburn Penitentiary.

Mr John Morrison, superintendent of the labouring department of Auburn Prison, has related the following of one of the convicts. He said that all phrenologists who have visited the prison have selected an old convict as having decidedly the worst head they ever saw on a human being. Last summer, while a state committee were in session at Auburn for the purpose, among other things, of recommending some of the convicts to pardon, and while this desperate convict knew that Mr Morrison was trying to procure his pardon, he arranged a plan to murder him. He broke his sheep shears (which he was using while weaving carpet for Mr M.), put wooden handles upon them, and thus made knives of them, with which he and several other convicts had arranged to stab and murder him. Judging from Mr M.'s head and character, he had given no occasion for an unkind feeling. The same convict was three years in prison in Algiers, Africa, and was sent to prison during life. Mr M. said that all the cruel convicts were sloping from the forehead to Firmness and Self-Esteem.—Vol. v. p. 48; Jan. 1843.

7. Pain at the situation of the Organs of Number.

Dr Hurd, of Canastota, Madison Co., N. Y., has reported the following. A girl in his practice, who was studying arithmetic with unusual zeal and earnestness, came home one day from school, saying that she felt a strong disposition to count, add,

subtract, and multiply; and complaining that her head ached. Her sleep, also, was continually interrupted by cyphering in her head in the night. These symptoms continued to increase for two days, until, at last, they became intolerable, and the family physician was called. He was a phrenologist, and no sooner learned that she experienced pain in the head together with this counting propensity, than he asked her what part of her head pained her? She replied, "Here," placing her thumb and finger upon the two organs of Calculation. He, of course, applied local remedies to the afflicted organ, with a view to allay the irritation, and soon effected a cure.-Vol. v. p. 96; Feb. 1843.*

V. Case of Hysteria, with extraordinary Acuteness of some of the Senses. Communicated by Sir G. S. MACKENZIE, Bart.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL JOURNAL.

DEAR SIR,―The following copy of a letter from a clergyman was sent to me nearly six years ago, at a time when Mesmerism had not attracted my notice. The case referred to in it was evidently one of natural sleep-waking; and it is to be regretted that so little of it is known, as it appears to have been one of great interest. Now that the subject is better and more generally understood, we may hope that such cases, when they occur, will not be concealed. Yours faithfully, G. S. MACKenzie.

24th October 1843.

24th January 1838.

DEAR SIR,-It is perfectly true that our poor friend, who has now been some months with us, presents one of those singular and almost incredible cases of hysterical or nervous affec

It appears from the following paragraph in the American Phrenological Journal for July 1843, that the circulation of the work is by no means encouraging. "In the two last numbers the Journal has copied somewhat largely from the Edinburgh, partly for the sake of variety, as the two preceding numbers were wholly original, partly because of the intrinsic merits of the articles copied, and partly as a sample of the English Journal. Readers, which like you best? If you like the Edinburgh best, you can have it entire (after this year); but if you like the hasty productions of the editor's pen best, they are at your service. It is certainly much more easy to copy than to originate, especially as the editor gets nothing for it; all the time spent in editing the Journal is just so much time spent not only without his receiving any pecuniary compensation, but with an actual loss, as the Journal barely pays for its paper and printing. Tell us which you will have ?"

tion which are at distant intervals witnessed under the dispensation of the Almighty.

The overthrow of the regular functions of the nervous system was occasioned by the almost sudden death of her father, to whom she was most fondly attached; who was seized with illness during her absence from him, and died a few hours after she returned to her home. I cannot enter into any long details of the case, which has been attended with all those varieties which have long characterized the complaint, among medical men, as the Protean disorder. The extraordinary powers communicated to the other senses by the temporary suspension of one or two of them, are beyond credibility to all those who do not witness it; and I really seldom enter into any of the details, because it would be but reasonable that those who have not seen should doubt the reality of them. All colours she can distinguish with the greatest correctness by night or day, whether presented to her on cloth, silk, muslin, wax, or even glass --and this, I may safely say, as easily on any part of the body as with the hands, although, of course, the ordinary routine of such an exhibition of power takes place with the hands, the other being that of mere curiosity. Her delicacy of mind and high tone of religious feeling are such, that she has the greatest objection to make that which she regards in the light of a heavy affliction from God, a matter of show or curiosity to others, although to ourselves, of course, all these unusual extravagances of nervous sensibility are manifest for at least twelve out of every twenty-four hours. She can not only read with the greatest rapidity any writing or print that is legible to us, music, &c., with the mere passage of her fingers over it, whether in a dark or a light room (for her sight is for the most part suspended when under the influence of the attack or paroxysm, although she is perfectly sensible, nay, more acute and clever than in her natural state); but, within this month past, she has been able to collect the contents of any printing or MS. by merely laying her hand on the page, without tracing the lines or letters; and I saw her, last night only, declare the contents of a note just brought into the room, in this way (when I could not myself decipher it without a candle), and with a rapidity with which I could not have read it by daylight. I have seen her develope handwriting by the application of a note to the back of her hand, neck, or foot; and she can do it at any time. There is nothing unnatural in this; for, of course, the nervous susceptibility extends all over the surface of the body, but use and habit cause us to limit its power more to the fingers. Many, even medical, men, take upon themselves to declare that we are all (her medical attendants as well) un