A History of Ecclesiastical Architecture in England - George Ayliffe Poole - Google Bøker

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THE TRANSITION FROM NORMAN TO EARLY ENGLISH.

The Burning of Canterbury Cathedral.--The Restoration by William of

Sens and William the Englishman.-The older and newer fabrics com-

pared.--Introduction of the Pointed Arch and its results.-Influence

of the Patron Saint on the fabric of the Church

THE SYMBOLISM OF ECCLESIASTICAL ARCHITECTURE.

Necessity of treating the subject.-Early Instances of Symbolism.-Round

Church at Fulda. - Dream of the Monk of Bury. — Authority of

Durandus. His Rationale.-Definition of Symbolism.-The Definition

applied to various instances.-Saxon Symbolism.-Norman.-Subse-

quent Styles.-Symbolism still existing

THE ROUND CHURCHES IN ENGLAND.

General History of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre at Jerusalem.-S.

Sepulchre's, Cambridge :-S. Sepulchre's, Northampton.-The Tem-

ple.-Little Maplested.

THE CONNECTION OF HERALDRY WITH ECCLESIASTICAL ARCHITECTURE.

Synchronisms and parallel fate of Heraldry and Gothic Architecture.— ̄

Augmentations illustrated from several events.-Dates of Buildings

determined by Heraldry.—Architectural charges, especially the Chev-

ron.-Heraldic Decorations of Buildings.-Community of feeling be-

tween Heraldry and Christian Art: The Religious element in both .. 200

THE EARLY ENGLISH PERIOD.

Great Exertions of Church Builders in the Thirteenth Century.—The

Temple.-Fountains, Kirkstall, Buildwas, Winchester, S. Alban's,

Glasgow, Beaulieu, York, Skelton, Ely, Durham, Rochester, Beverley,

Ripon, Southwell.-Ely: Bishop Ridal, and the introduction of

Western Transepts :-Eustachius and the Galilee :-Bishop Norwold

and the Presbytery. -Wells: Bishop Jocelin. Salisbury: Bishop

Poore.-Old and New Sarum compared.-Nine Altars of Durham.—

Extreme East Transepts.-Westminster Abbey.-Characteristics of

Early English.-Destruction of Churches by violence: Rochester,

THE PERIOD OF GEOMETRIC TRACERY.

Confusion of arrangement in Ecclesiological Works.—Introduction of

Tracery; its first development in Geometric Forms, coetaneous with

the Early English for a long time, and with the Decorated Style

on its First Appearance.-Of Cusping and Tracery in general.-

Of Panelling.-Results of the Introduction of Tracery.-Chapter-

House of York.-Merton College Chapel.-Ripon Minster.-Exeter

Cathedral.-Lincoln Cathedral.-Wells Lady Chapel and Chapter-

House.Temple-Balsall. "Architectural Parallels."-- Tintern.—

Guisborough.-Vale-Royal Abbey.—Queen Eleanor's Crosses...

SCULPTURE AND CARVING, AS DECORATIONS OF ECCLESIASTICAL

General character of Norman Sculpture: The Fonts of East Meon, and of

Lenton; the Doorways of Rochester and of Malmsbury.-Early Eng-

lish Sculpture.-Doorway of Higham Ferrers.-Introduction of "alto

relievo."-West front of Wells.-Effigies of Henry III. and of Queen

Eleanor.-Monuments of Robert Vere, of Aymer de Valence, and of

Edward II.-Lord Lindsay on the Sculpture of this Age.-Screen in

Edward the Confessor's Chapel.-Effigies of Henry VII., and of Eliza-

beth his Queen.-Introduction of the Pagan Element.-All grace and

all religious feeling lost in the Reign of Elizabeth.-Monument of Sir

Christopher Hatton.--The Pagan Element again introduced, without

any compensation, after the Revolution.-Tombs of Earl Stanhope,

of General Fleming, and of Dr. Hales.-Comparison of the Monu-

ments of General Wolfe, and of Aymer de Valence.-Sepulchral

Crosses at Jervaulx, at Tickhill, and at Laughton-en-le-Morthen.-

Other Carved Tombs.-Brasses.-John Bloxham, at Great Addington;

a Priest at Wensley; the Parents of Archbishop Chichele.-Dean

Eyre; Robert Brannel; John Selwyn.-Wood Carving.-Early Speci-

mens; most used in the Fifteenth Century.-Grinling Gibbons.—Stalls

at Wensley, and at S. Nicholas, Lynn.-Grotesques..

PAINTING, MOSAIC, AND GLASS PAINTING, AS DECORATIONS OF ECCLESI-

ASTICAL ARCHITECTURE.

Colour universally employed.-First recorded Introduction of Pictures.-

Augustine, Benedict Biscop, Wilfrid.-S. Dunstan.-Skill of the Saxons

in the Decorative Arts.-Instances of Early Norman Painting.-Oil

Painting in the tenth century, in the thirteenth and fourteenth centu..

ries.-S. Stephen's, Westminster.- Ely Cathedral.-MS. account of

Abbot Islip's Funeral.-Lord Lindsay's estimate of the Mural Paintings

of our Churches.-Subjects generally treated.-Two examples from Old

S. Paul's.-Bishop Sherburn's Painting at Chichester.-The present

usage of the Church of England.-Mosaic derived from Greece,

through the Roman Empire to the Church.-Richard de Ware, Abbot

of Westminster.-Prior Crowden's Chapel at Ely.-Difference of

Treatment in Roman and English Mosaic.-Painted Glass.-Its Influ-

ence on Architectural Forms.-Early examples; Canterbury, Win-

chester, York, Ludlow, S. Neot's, Peterborough, Dorchester, Tickhill,

West Wickham.-Memorial Windows

THE DECORATED PERIOD.

Universal adoption of flowing and indirect lines.-Other Characteristics of

the Decorated Style.- Exeter Cathedral.-York Minster.-Hull.—

Hedon. Patrington.-Carlisle.- Durham. — Boston.-Grantham.—

Heckington.-Norbury.-Chesterfield. Finedon.- Frequent poverty

of execution.-Stanford.-Bridge Chapels.-Wakefield.-Chapel of

S. William, York.-Wayside Chapel at Houghton-in-the-Dale.-Ely

Cathedral.-Fall of the Tower, and foundation of the Octagon by

Alan of Walsingham.-The constructive character, and the general ef-

fect of this work.-Bishop Hotham and the Presbytery.--The Lady

Chapel, John of Wisbeach.-Sequel of the Life of Alan of Walsing-

Appendix.-Extract from fabric roll of Ely Cathedral..

THE PERPENDICULAR PERIOD.

Interest of Transition Period.-The Nave of Winchester; Edington and

Wykeham.-Gloucester, Norwich, Principles of Restoration ; Win-

chester, Canterbury, York, Gloucester, Crowland, Tickhill, Durham,

Kirkstall.-Clerestories.-Towers and Spires; Salisbury, Norwich,

Coventry, Whittlesea, Rushden, Shrewsbury, Laughton-en-le-Mor-

then, Chester-le-Street, Louth, Newcastle, Fotheringay, Lowick,

Boston, Howden, Derby, Evesham, Norwich, Gloucester, Glaston-

bury, Bristol, Taunton, North Petherton, Titchmarsh.-Uses of

Towers --Beacons and Landmarks; Whittlesea, Raunds, the Lantern

of Arden, Coventry, Dundry, York, Hadleigh.-Defence :-Melsonby,

Middleham, Spennithorne, Bedale: Irthlingborough, Stanwick, Ten-

Appendix.-Extracts from the account for building Louth Broach.......

THE PERPENDICULAR PERIOD.

Archbishop Chichele: Higham-Ferrers, the College and Bede-House; S.

Barnard's, Oxford; the Lollard's Tower, Lambeth.-Bishop Skirlaw :

Skirlaw Chapel; the Tower of York; the Tower and Chapter-House

of Howden; Skirlaw's Burial and Tomb.-Sepulchral Chapels : Bishop

Wainfleet: Cardinal Beaufort; Bishops Alcock and West; William

Comynge and S. Mary Redcliff.-William Greville, and Campden

Church.-Anthony Catesby and Isabella his Wife, and Whiston Church.

-S. Michael's-le-Belfry, York.-Deterioration in Architectural Cha-

racter.-The Tudor Style; Chapel of Henry VII. in Westminster

Appendix.-I. Contract for the building of the Dormitory at Durham .... 383

II. Agreement for the building of Catterick Church, Yorkshire 385

III. Document relating to the decorations of the Beauchamp

chapel, in S. Mary's church, Warwick

IV. On the erection of Coventry Cross

THE POST-REFORMATION PERIOD.

Deterioration in Ecclesiastical Art not to be referred to the Reformation.-

Destruction and Spoliation of Churches.-The Curse upon Sacrilege.

Materials of Churches used to much hurt and little gain.-Different

spirit of Sacrilege at the Reformation, and at the Rebellion.-Puritan

Destruction. The Journal of Will Dowsing.-Desolation of Lichfield,

of Scarborough, of Astley.-Restoration of Lichfield, of Stanton

Harold.―The Fire of London.-Sir Christopher Wren, and the total

extinction of Gothic Architecture

Appendix.-I. A contemporary narrative of the burning of S. Paul's steeple,

II. Sir Christopher Wren's account of the state of S. Paul's

Cathedral, after the fire of London, 1666

III. Extracts from Sir Christopher Wren's letter on the state

of Westminster Abbey

A HISTORY

OF

Ecclesiastical Architecture

IN ENGLAND.

CHAPTER I.

THE ANGLO-ROMAN PERIOD.

PRELIMINARY REMARKS.-WOODEN CHURCH AT GLASTONBURY.-PROPORTIONS OF THIS CHURCH FOLLOWED IN IRELAND.-KING LUCIUS. -THE DIOCLESIAN PERSECUTION. THE MARTYRDOM AND CHURCH OF S. ALBAN.-CHURCHES RESTORED AFTER THE PERSECUTION.INFLUENCE OF ROMAN SWAY ON BRITISH ECCLESIASTICAL ART.

THERE is something very remarkable in the number and beauty of ecclesiastical edifices in this and other portions of western Christendom, possessing a character by which they are collected into one class, however different they may be in magnitude, or in details and accidental varieties of arrangement.

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It is still more remarkable, that these structures, so numerous, and combining within themselves so many elements of beauty, are the work of less than five centuries, and those not the most competent, as we should judge à priori, to design and complete a series of works, at the same time great and beautiful, requiring a disciplined, as well as a bold conception, and for their completion great mechanical and scientific acquirements.

In Germany, however, with Normandy and other parts of France, the style now called Norman had attained some degree of perfection, at least a

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century before it had been embodied in such churches as Durham and Tewkesbury in England.

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