in colour, once distinguished as the Landseer Newfoundland, out of honour to the great animal painter of that name, one of whose happiest works was a representative black and white dog, "A Distinguished Member of the Royal Humane Society." However, the Newfoundland Club, which, I suppose, has the management of such things, in order that good specimens that may be brown in colour or black with a little white on their chests or feet are not debarred from competition, classify the "Landseers" under the heading of "any other than black." The "Landseer" proper would be, when properly marked, a black headed dog with a broad strip of white down the face, some white on the cheeks, and a body more or less patched with black. Such are handsome dogs, and a few years ago, before shows were so firmly established as they are now, the black and white Newfoundlands were more more commonly seen than the ordinary black variety. Mr. Mansfield writes of them as follows:

"They have not made such progress as the blacks for the simple reason that breeders of this variety will not go to the black dogs to improve the coat and type of their black and whites. They appear to completely ignore the fact that the qualification is not simply a black and white dog with handsome white markings. The marking is a very tenth rate

consideration. First and foremost it is necessary in the class for other than black Newfoundlands ( that to be successful the competitor should be, though black and white, exactly of the shape, make, and character of a good black specimen. Then and then only must come the question of colour and markings. Of course, other things being equal, a well marked dog should have the preference. The majority of the dogs in this division are bad in coat, which often resembles the wool on the back of a Shropshire sheep; they generally fall off in their hindquarters, being tucked up in the loin and leggy, and lack quality and type. By perseverance these failings could be remedied by judiciously crossing with black dogs of the right type. Mr. Farquharson' Rosebud was a beautiful specimen of a white and black Newfoundland; in fact, on her first appearance she beat all the black bitches at a Kennel Club Show. She was almost white, and was by Trojan, a black dog with white chest and feet, out of Leda, a bitch similarly marked. So much for the other than black variety." Mr. Mansfield proceeds:

"Returning to the Newfoundland generally, sometimes a brown or bronze pup will be produced, but this is of rare occurrence. I have never had one from a pure Nelson I. and Courtier strain, but have on several occasions had such from the Leo blood.

"With regard to rearing puppies, the most ticklish time for them is during whelping, and up to ten days old. A practice I adopt is to have a hamper ready, with clean, soft straw in the bottom, and as each puppy is whelped it is placed in this hamper in front of a fire, always leaving one with the bitch, but before removing into the hamper it is always put to suck. By this means the whole lot are kept dry and warm, and the bitch is not hampered with a heap of whining puppies round her. For seven to ten days they are thus kept in hampers, being put to the bitch every hour, night and day. It is rarely by doing this (which of course means trouble) that a puppy is lost, and they thrive well. If left to take their chance some die from cold, others are laid on and killed. For many years I have carried out the above plan with great success. At the end of a month they should be fed with milk, with sugar and water added. At six weeks I feed them on raw paunches cut up small, and they rarely get anything else for the remainder of their existence in my kennels. I believe in raw meat for dogs, it is their natural food, and it will never harm them or make them savage."

The Newfoundland Club, established in 1886, is a representative body, of which Mr. H. R. Farquharson, M.P., is president, and Mr. E.

Nichols vice-president. The following is the description this club has issued of the Newfoundland dog:

Symmetry and General Appearance. The dog should impress the eye with strength and great activity. He should move freely on his legs with the body swung loosely between them, so that a slight roll in gait should not be objectionable, but at the same time a weak or hollow back, slackness of the loins, or cowhocks, should be a decided fault.

"Head.-Should be broad and massive, flat on the skull, the occipital bone well developed; there should be no decided stop, and the muzzle should be short, clean cut, and rather square in shape, and covered with short fine hair.

"Coat.-Should be flat and dense, of a coarsish texture and oily nature, and capable of resisting the water. If brushed the wrong way it should fall back into its place naturally.

"Body.-Should be well ribbed up with a broad back. A neck strong, well set on to the shoulders and back, and strong, muscular loins.

"Fore Legs. Should be perfectly straight, well covered with muscle, elbows in but well let down, and feathered all down.

"Hind Quarters and Legs.-Should be very

strong; the legs should have great freedom of action, and a little feather. Slackness of loins and cowhock are a great defect. Dew claws are objectionable and should be removed.

"Chest. Should be deep and fairly broad and well covered with hair, but not to such an extent as to form a frill.

"Bone.-Massive throughout, but not to give a heavy, inactive appearance.

"Feet. Should be large and well-shaped. Splayed or turned-out feet are objectionable.

"Tail.-Should be of moderate length, reaching down a little below the hocks; it should be of fair thickness, and well covered with long hair, but not to form a flag. When the dog is standing still and not excited, it should hang downwards with a slight curve at the end; but when the dog is in motion it should be carried a trifle up, and when he is excited straight out with a slight curve at end. Tails with a kink in them, or curled over the back, are very objectionable.

"Ears. Should be small, set well back, square with the skull, lie close to the head, and covered with short hair and no fringe.

Eves. Should be small, of a dark brown colour, rather deeply set but not showing any haw, and they should be rather wide apart.