Of the articles embraced in the above tables, nominally, $6,416,016, but, in fact, not more it further appears, Sir, that the cotton manu- than two millions and a half, ($4,665,750 of the factures have fallen 55 per cent. said amount having been already reduced by the acts of 1830.) Woollen do do 32 45 35 So far, therefore, as the unprotected article are embraced in this "statement," it cannot of And I hardly think, said Mr. H., that any one course be made the basis of our calculations, will seriously contend that these reductions in because, as any one will see, who will look at prices in England have been produced by Ame-that statement, it gives six millions as the a rican competition!! mount to be reduced on these articles; whereas Let us now, Mr. President, examine the last four millions of that amount had already bees and I must think, an insuparable objection to this taken off from salt, coffee, cocoa, molasses and bill. I mean its effect upon the revenue. teas, under the act of May, 1830, and of course From an attentive examination of its prevssions cannot be considered as furnishing any part of I am perfectly satisfied that it makes no reduc- the present duties to be reduced under any bill to tion whatever on the entire class of protected ar- be now passed.* But so far as the protected cles, and that whatever reduction is to be ef- articles are concerned, I presume there can be fected by it, must be produced only by the no objection to our proceeding on the basis of abolition of the duties on the unprotected arti- the Treasury statement, no reduction of the cles. I will go further, and state my convic- duties on these articles having taken place tion that, on the protected articles, the aggre gate of the duties would be increased, and not The whole amount of reduction proposed diminished, by this bill. This I will endeavor from the present duties by the plan of the Setoshow, not by instituting a comparison be-cretary of the Treasury, was as follows, viz: tween the bill as it came from the other House, since 1828. $3,731,979 the 6,012,765 be ch)} 1,135,357 1,135,357 I Estimated am't and as it now stands, but by comparing it with Protected articles $15,935,734 the tariff of 1828. Unprotected articles 8,627,970 Proposed reduction. Mr. President, I do not profess to be very skilful in figures, nor can I rely entirely on the accuracy of calculations which have been very hastily made. I have looked into the provi $25,699,061 $10,880,101 sions of this bill, however, as carefully as the Now, by the bill before the Senate, a sum shortness of the time would permit, and to sa- exceeding the whole amount of the proposed tisfy myself that I have fallen into no material reduction on the protected articles as aboveerrors, have consulted several persons on mentioned, is stricken out, while on the unprowhose accuracy I have the most entire reli-tected articles there is added to the proposed re ance; one of them a gentleman of high charac-duction of the Treasury Department the fol ter and a skilful accountant; now a member of lowing itens, viz: a further reduction of Salt, $337,251 Proposed reduction. 51,649 418,707 2,821,562 6,416,016 But of this amonnt, 4,665,750 dollars had the other House. All of these gentlemen have On tea and coffee, (now made free) Mag! Quills, hair-cloths, quicksilver, brass and tin $1,668,016 in plates, indigo, corks, musical instruments, yarn, and a variety of other articles, no reduc 1,487,251 tion. To which may be added cash duties, diminished credits, and change in the pound $3,152,267 sterling, operating on the great mass of our imas the probable amount of reduction under the ports to the amount of from 11 to 13 per cent. present bill on the unprotected articles. These articles, with the exception of the three first, (woollens, cottons, and iron,) all in the Treasury plan with respect to cottons. As speak for themselves. With regard to these, suming then the saving to be as above stated I will show how I arrive at the conclusion that $260,000, we have as a set off against this reduc the bill before us proposes to increase the du-tion, the diminished credits equal to near three ties upon them. per cent., and in the change in the pound sterling, I will begin with woollens. On this article equal to eight per cent.; making, together, Mr. McLane proposed to take off duties to the leven per cent. on the amount of the duty. This amount of $1,220,670. The whole quantity of according to my calculation, will exceed the woollens is estimated at $5,857,225, the duties estimated saving by $111,661. at $2,626,261, being an average rate of duty of 48 per cent. Now Mr. McLane proposed to effect this reduction of $1,220,670, as follows: On all woollens under 50 cents. 10 per cent. ad valorem. On worsted stuff goods, &c. 20 per cent. ad valorem. On all other manufactures of wool 30 cent. ad valorem. Now what is proposed in this bill? On plains, kerseys and kendal cottons, (weighing 16 oz.) and under 35 cents the square yard, 5 per cent. Worsted goods, &c. 10 per cent. On all other manufactures of wool, (except a few coarse blankets,) 57 per cent. IRON AND THE MANUFACTURES of IRON an STEEL, consist of too great a variety of articles to enable me to do more than to submit a mere general statement in relation to them. Of these articles, which I shall consider us der one head, the Treasury valuation is $5,698,736, duties $2,033,682; estimated saving $309,per 088. Against this sum is to be put the dimin ished credits, and the pound sterling, equal to about $200,000—to which is to be added an enormous increase of duties on a great variety of articles of hardware, under the provisos in the 10th, 12th, and 13th members of the 2d section of the bill, which carry up the duties on all ma nufactures of iron, as high as the raw material; thus changing ad valorem duties of from 25 to Here then, it will be seen at once, that on the 40 per cent. to specific duties, ranging from one great mass of woollens, the duties on which, and two hundred, up to three, and even four under the existing law, average, according to hundred per cent. I have already given to the the Treasury statement, 48 per cent.,and which Senate several examples of the effect of these Mr. McLane put at thirty per cent., the duty is provisos. I will repeat one or two of them. increased to 57 per cent., being 27 beyond the On an invoice of trace chains the present duduty proposed by Mr. McLane, and 9 per cent. ty on which, at 25 per cent. amounted only to beyond the present duty. It is true, negro $69, the duty under this bill (at 3 cents per lb.) cloths, which Mr. McLane set down at 10 per will amount to $198. cent., are here put at 5 per cent.; but Mr. McLane's plan embraced all woollens under 50 cents, whereas this bill is confined to "plains, kerseys, and kendal cottons, under 35 cents," which, I am assured by those who profess to understand the subject, will not embrace onethird part of the "coarse woollens under 50 cents." If so, the entire reduction on these negro cloths will not exceed $100,000. On a parcel of knitting needles now paying duty of $1 90, the proposed duty will be $9. On an invoice of bed screws costing $53, and paying duties under the existing laws of only $14, the duty under this bill will be $67. These cases have been furnished from the most unquestionable sources. A practical man intimately acquainted with the subject writes me, that "these provisos will The saving on the worsted will, I am told, double the duty on hardware made of common be counterbalanced by the enhanced duty on sized iron," and he estimates the amount of the some other descriptions of cloths, and on negro increased duty on hardware at upwards of five and other course hats. Against these reduc-hundred thousand dollars. tions are to be charged 27 per cent. increase But take it at half of that amount, and we Increase of the duty on the protected articles On woollens, On cottons, On iron, as above, will, on these data, have, instead of a reduc-under this bill- 174,214 111,661 140,912 The increase on other articles cannot be estimated at less than 100,000 Add for the change in the value 1,026,787 ON COTTON the calculation is much more simple. According to the Treasury statement, the And we have an increase of value of cottons is estimated at $7,864,618; the It is vain and idle for gentlemen to tell duty, at $3,381,358; proposed saving at $260,-us, in general terms, that this bill is to reduce 288. Now, the bill before us makes no alteration the duties four, five, eight, or ten millions. Let them give us a bill of particulars; show us the duction as the basis of all my calculations, I items; point out the articles on which the reduc- have not noticed the repeal of the 10 and 20 tion is to take place, and let them explain how per cent. in the valuation of foreign goods, it is to be effected. The Chairman of the these having been deducted in the Treasury es Committee of Ways and Means, in his exposi-timates. In making this comparison, 1 beg not tion of this subject, shows that the official to be understood as expressing any approbaTreasury estimate of the reduction to be effect- tion of the Treasury scheme. That scheme ed, under this bill, as reported from the Com- proposed to make a reduction on the present mittee of Manufactures, was on woollens, cot-duties of between six and seven millions of doltons, iron, and the great mass of the protected lars, which, according to any fair estimate of articles only 844,000 dollars-and that the the present and future revenue of the country whole amount of the proposed reduction was would have left a surplus in the Treasury be only 4,177,000 dollars. yond the wants of the country of from $6,000,Now, we all know, that a large amount of 000 to 8,000,000. The proposed reduction this proposed reduction was stricken out in the was not only too small, but it was made in House. That distinguished gentleman has gi-much too great a proportion on the unprotected ven us statements showing that, in the shape in articles, and being expressly announced as a which the bill passed the House, the estimated final arrangement of the system, was altogether increase of the duties on the protected articles inadmissible. On iron the duties run up to was 1,406,000 dollars, while the estimated re- above 100 per cent.-on coarse cottons to a duction on the unprotected articles was 3,780,- still greater amount-and on every other arti000 dollars. If gentlemen will turn to the cle the duties were still higher. But bad as was Treasury statement, No. 125 of the Senate's the scheme of the Secretary of the Treasury, documents, they will find that the whole amount the bill from the House was much worse-and of saving on the articles proposed to be admit- this is infinitely the worst of all. ted duty free under the bill reported by the In conclusion, Mr. H. said, that to his mind Committee of Manufactures of this House was it was perfectly clear, that this bill, in its preonly $1,668,010. Add to this every free article sent shape, had not a single feature to recomsince added to the list, and the further reduc- mend it to the favor of any but the fast friends tion on silks and wines, and even the two or of the American system. It is neither more nor three hundred thousand dollars which gentle- less than the resolution of the Senator from men say has been taken off of the protected ar- Kentucky reduced to the form of a law. It ticles, and what will they amount to? takes off the duties altogether from almost the The following are the further re- Thus, then, it will be seen that the whole entire mass of the unprotected articles such as amount of the reduction proposed by the Se-tea, coffee, spices, fruits, and a hundred other arcretary of the Treasury, on the protected arti- ticles of luxury, and reduces them to almost cles, has been stricken out, and that more than nothing on silks and wines, while it leaves the a million has been added to the existing duties protected articles almost untouched, or with adon those articles. But for all this, we are told ditional burdens thrown upon them. In this that we are to be remunerated by a still greater view of the case, it affords no relief whatever reduction on the unprotected articles. Now to the south. It only aggravates the injustice assuming the reduction on the unprotected ar- of which we complain. It throws the whole ticles proposed by the Treasury to be as before burden of federal taxation on the very articles stated $2,500,000 the duties upon which operate as a tax on sou. thern capital and labor, and as a bounty upon the industry and capital of another section of 337,261 the Union. The passage of such a bill as this 1,100,000 would only be regarded as the consummation of the protecting policy. It leaves no hope for $3,937,251 the future. It must rivet upon the country, irMaking the total reduction on the unprotect- retrievably and for ever, a system which he did ed articles, in round numbers, about four mil- most conscienciously believe was hostile to the lions of dollars, estimated on the receipts of general welfare-utterly unconstitutional-and destructive of the best interests and dearest From which if we deduct the assumed in- rights of the plantation States. The gentleman crease on the protected articles as about $1,- from Kentucky had expressed a hope-doubt000,000, we have as the amount of actual re-less most sincerely entertained-that the south duction under this bill, three millions, and no would receive this bill as a peace offering, more. If the present revenue be estimated at founded on concession and compromise; and he the actual receipts of the year, 1831, viz. $28,- had kindly tendered his advice that we should 525,000, or at the actual receipt of the last go home and say to our constituents that we year upwards of $30,000,000, or at the average had accomplished all that we had a right to exreceipts of the last five years-the result, after pect-that our grievances were redressed-and making every allowance, will give a clear re- thus the country would be once more restored venue of upwards of twenty millions of dollars, to harmony and peace. Let me tell that genand leave us eight or ten millions beyond the tleman, Sir, that if, with my convictions of the ordinary expenses of the Government. true character of this bill, I could go to my conHaving taken Mr. McLane's estimated re-stituents with such language on my lips, 1830. should go home "with a lie in my mouth.”- served rights of the States, I do not entertain: No Sir! when I speak on such a subject, I shall doubt." Without stopping to inquire for what speak the honest convictions of my mind; purpose these declarations have been introduc and shall be constrained, however reluctantly, into the message, we cannot but anticipate to declare, as I now do, in the presence of this uses to be made of them hereafter; and it is House, my Country, and my God, that the A-importance to the whole country that no fir merican system has become the settled policy coloring should be given to the Executive of the country-that the hopes of the south are pinion, by the use of these isolated passages, at an end and as far as their prosperity is will consume so much of your time as may dependant on federal legislation-THEIR RUIN necessary to dispel the illusion they are cal ated to create. SEALED. NOTE-The Senate finally receded from such I repeat then, Sir, that from the opinions of of their amendments as were disagreed to by the the President, as fully developed in this pape, House. The points in dispute, however, were it is not to be expected that during his admins very few and not of much importance. tration, and while these sentiments remain u changed, any bank whatever can be established by this Government; and to show it, I will con tent myself by referring to a few paragraphs i that part of his argument which labors to pro the present bank charter unconstitutional: The following were the only material items: 1st. The 57 per cent. on woollens, passed by the Senate, was reduced to 50 per cent. as proposed by the House. 2d. Sail duck was left as proposed by the House at 15 per cent. 3d. Cotton bagging was left at 3 1-2 cents as passed by the House, instead of 4 cents. all CO ha in th i P P of Ben be stit bra lic s GO WI T "On two subjects only does the constitutin recognize, in Congress, the power to grant er clusive privileges or monopolies. It declares a B 4th. Sugar was left at two and a half cents that "Congress shall have power to promote ple as proposed by the House, instead of being the progress of science and useful arts by securic left at three cents, the present duty. ing, for limited times, to authors and inventos, Calculated even on this basis, Mr. McDur- the exclusive right to their respective writing FIE estimated the increase of duty on the pro-and discoveries." Out of this express deleg. tected articles at $1,406,000 beyond the present tion of power have grown our laws of patents tariff. Making allowance for the fall of prices and copy-rights. As the constitution express it cannot be doubted that the duties now im-delegates to Congress the power to grant e posed are much greater, ad valorem, than they clusive privileges, in these cases, as the mens were in 1828, without taking into account the of executing the substantive power "to procash duties, or change in the pound sterling. mote the progress of science and useful arts,”È is consistent with the fair rules of constructies DEBATE ON THE VETO MESSAGE. to be granted as a means of accomplishing to conclude that such a power was not intended IN SENATE-TUESDAY, JULY 10, 1832. other end. On every other subject which comer within the scope of congressional power, the is an ever living discretion in the use of proper Mr. CLAYTON rose for the purpose of add-means, which cannot be restricted or abolished ing to what had been suggested by gentlemen without an amendment of the constitutionwho had gone before him in the debate, his own Every act of Congress, therefore, which stviews of the true issue tendered by the Presi- tempts, by grants of monopolies, or sale of exdent to the country in the message under consi-clusive privileges for a limited time, or a time deration. It was not merely the question whe-without limit, to restrict or extinguish its own ther the present Bank of the United States discretion in the choice of means to execute in should be rechartered-but whether ANY BANK delegated powers, is equivalent to a legislative WHATEVER should be established by the Govern- amendment of the constitution, and palpably asment after the expiration of the act of Congress constitutional." incorporating that institution. Here, and elsewhere throughout the doc CORS da gress 31 nge tu set This message contains, said Mr. C. two sen-ment, the grant of a charter to individual tences which I will venture to predict will be for banking purposes is denounced as the artfully quoted in the coming contest, to prove" grant of monopoly"-the "sale of exclusive the very reverse of the position which I have privileges"-the "grant of exclusive privileges laid down, and to delude the people who are to or monopolies" "equivalent to a legislative decide on this question, as to the real opinions amendment of the constitution, and palpably of the President in reference to the whole sub- unconstitutional." If a grant to one incorporate ject. We shall be told, Sir, that in the very company to be a monopoly, we must also cor first page of this document the President has sider as monopolies several grants to severs admitted that "a Bank of the United States, is such companies. Twenty such grants to twen in many respects, convenient for the Govern- ty such companies are as much sales of excla. ment and useful to the people ;" and that, on sive privileges to them, as that which is the the twelfth page of the same paper, he has said peculiar and present subject of the President's "that a Bank of the United States, competent animadversion. This objection, fatal to all to all the duties which may be required by the charters by which private individuals are perGovernment, might be so organized as not to mitted to hold stock, could be obviated only by infringe on our own delegated powers or the re-a grant of characters for banking purposes to |