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Extract of a letter to the Editor, dated

Mississippi, Aug. 1, 1832.

pensioned press, we deem it but an act of justice to him, and indeed to the people themselves, to notice briefly the charges which have been recently made against him by the partisans of Mr. Van Buren. And first we will notice the " diatribes" of the very true and faithful editor of the Enquirer.

"The stand which you have taken for State rights, and your opposition to the present tariff laws, render your paper very popular in this section of country, so far as the people have had an opportunity of reading it. The tariff is condemned here by almost every person; but Charge 1. "He goes, (in his speech on the strange to tell, the "collar" wearers are using tariff of 1816,) for an ample protective system of great exertions to induce the people to believe Manufactures." that the only safety for the south, is in the elec This is the allegation-the proof is not adtion of Jackson and Van Buren. Jackson is pre-duced-neither can it be. Every reading man ferred here by the anti-Clay party, to almost any will remember that the tariff of 1816, was a taother individual that could be brought forward riff for revenue only. During the war, which for the Presidency. But Van Buren, on his left us in debt upwards of one hundred milown bottom, and without the great weight of lions, the manufactures of the country bad General Jackson's name, would not have been sprung up, and at its termination were in a thought of in this State for the Vice Presi-flourishing condition. The question before dency. Had himself and Mr. Barbour of Vir Congress was simply that of revenue to meet ginia, been the only candidates for the Vice the payment of the enormous national debt Presidency, of the 13,000 votes which this which had been contracted. To effect this ob. State will give at the next Presidential election, ject the war duties, as they were called, were Mr. Van Buren certainly could not receive 1000. to be sealed-but upon what articles, or what But now, when it is proposed to hold meetings extent? These were questions of mere policy to recommend an electoral ticket for Jackson only, and not power. No member of Conand Barbour, the "whole hog Jackson men" gress pretended to make a question upon the denounce the proposition as invading the re-subject as to the power. The duties on the ar publican ranks, and as "a fire brand," intended ticles coming in competition with the domestic to defeat the party. Such is not the object of manufactures which had grown up during the the writer of this scrawl. In 1824, and in 1828, war, were fixed at 25 per cent. ad valorem. he stood by and advocated the cause of Andrew This was a revenue duty, and had for its object Jackson; and at or about the first named pe- revenue only. But every duty, high or low, iod, where was Martin Van Buren? Where must in effect operate as an encouragement or was this idol that the American people are now protection to domestic manufactures in a meacalled upon to "fall down and worship?" Let sure more or less. This is the necessary conMr. Cambreleng and William H. Crawford an- sequence of a duty on foreign articles coming swer. They must say he was on a visit to Mr. in competition with the same articles manufacCrawford, whom he had, as he then thought, tured at home. This is the incidental protec to pay homage to, that he might thereby be- tion which no man denies Congress has the come popular in the south. He soon learned power to afford, because it is the necessary ef his mistake, but for some time he could not tell fect of the exercise of the power to lay duties which was the "right figure;" the "scales at for revenue, and revenue only. length fell from his eyes," and in '28 he was Such was the tariff of 1816-and Mr. Calfound the warm supporter of General Jack-houn urged its passage on several grounds: son. And now the friends of Jackson are He addressed himself to the whole country to called upon to sustain this man. Yes, Missis-sustain the bill, because it would bring in a resippi is called upon, and her faith pledged by veeue which was indispensable for the pay her worthy delegates in the Baltimore conven-ment of the debt-and as a means of securing tion. And who were those delegates? Why, its passage, he urged various sections of the the Hon. P. Ellis, and Colonel J. C. Wilkins. Union to give it their support, because its efAnd by whom were they deputed? Not by the fect would be to give encouragement and propeople of Mississippi. No; by some twenty or tection to the manufactures which had sprung thirty persons in two or three counties in the up in these sections. To other sections he State; and such, no doubt, has been the au- said, in substance, "you ought not to oppose thority upon which Van Buren's friends have this bill, because its incidental effect is, to proacted without regard to General Jackson's inte- tect our manufactures; for this is a consequence rests; and such is the view of things by many connected with every revenue duty. And be in this State, amongst whom I am one, that a sides it would be an act of cruelty and injustice, ticket for Jackson and Van Buren will fail in to suffer the domestic manufactures of the many votes that prefer Jackson to Clay, but country, which have grown up under the influwill not support Van Buren." ence of the war, to be suddenly prostrated; when you want revenue, which cannot be obtained but by duties."

FROM THE VIRGINIA TIMES.

MR. CALHOUN AND THE VAN BUREN-
ITES.

These were the views of Mr. Calhoun, as we understand them. And can it, with any jusIt is known that Mr. Calhoun is no candidate tice, be said that he was advocating "an ample for office; but as that circumstance gives him protective system," merely because, in support no exemption from the malignant attacks of the of a revenue bill, he had successfully addressed

his arguments to the interests of the manufac- on the tariff of 1816,) why is he singled out turers, and the justice of the consumers? That by the Van Buren pensioned press to be immono system of protection, distinct from revenue, lated? Is it because their principles require it? entered into the mind either of Mr. Calhoun or Is it because the public good requires it? Is it of those who acted with him, is obvious from because the good of the republican party rethe fact that the bill itself contained a quires that he should be made to bear the sins clause which provided that the duties, at the of all! No-no. It is for no such reasons. expiration of three years, should be further di- is because the interest of their master, Van minished to 20 per cent. Surely it was a Buren, requires it. It is for that, and nostrange protective system," which contemplat-thing else, as will be more evident as we proed and provided for a gradual REDUCTION of the ceed.

It

duties! We would to Heaven that Mr. Van We beg to present to the reader a document Buren and his partisans-and Mr. Clay and bis, which, (not considering the use we intend to would unite upon such a "protective system!" make of it,) will be found interesting, as it preit Then night we hope to see the country again sents at one view, a brief and instructive histoat peace! But their past course of conduct, ry of the fiscal statistics of the country. It is and especially their late combination in Con- taken from "The Free Trade Advocate," a gress, leaves no ground to indulge such an ex-journal published by Condy Raquet, Esq. in pectation. Philadelphia, and may be relied on as authenAnother argument which goes to show that thentic. no "protective system," separate from a legiti

D

TABLE

mate and bone fide revenue system was contem-Showing the rates of duty upon woollen fabrics plated in the bill, may be found in the votes of foreign manufacture, as established by the given on that occasion. Upon the passage of different tariff acts passed since the commencement of the Government.

the bill the votes stood as follows:

cost

per

yd.

Per cent. duty.

YEAS.-Messrs. Adgate, Archer, Alexander, Atherton, Butler, Barber, Basset, Bailies, Bateman, Bennett, Betts, Birdsall, Boss, Brooks, Brown, Cady, Caldwell, Calhoun, Cannon, Chipman, Clendermein, Comstock, Crawford, Creighton, Crocheron, Cuthbert, Darlington, Davenport, Desha, Glasgow, Gold, Grosvenor, Hann, Hall, Hammond, Hawes, Henderson, Hopkinson, Irwin, P. Jewett, Johnson, of Ky. cts. 1789 1790 1794 1804 1812 1816 1824 1828 Kent, Langdon, Lowndes, Lumpkin, Lyle, Maclay, Marsh, Mason, Mayraut, McCoy, McLean, K. Milnor, Newton, Noyes, Ormsby, Pa- 10 ris, Piper, Pitkin, Pleasants, Powell, Ruggles, Sergeant, Savage, Schenck, Sharpe, Smith, of 15 Md., Smith, of Pa., Southard, Strong, Tag- 171 gart, Taul, Throop, Townsend, Tucker, Wal- 20 lace, Ward, of N. Y., Ward, of N. J., Wend- 25 over, Wheaton, Whiteside, Wilkins, Willough- 30 by, T. Wilson, W. Wilson, Woodward, and 35 Yates.-88.

123

40

NAYS.-Messrs. Baer, Bradbury, Brecken- 45 ridge, Bryan, Burnside, Champion, Clarke, of 50 N. C., Clopton, Culpeper, Edwards, Forney, 51 Forsyth, Gaston, Goldsborough, Goodwin, 60 Hale, Harden, Heister, Herbert, Hager, 70 Hungerford, Johnson, of Va., Kerr, of Va., 80 Law, Lewis, Love, Lovett, Lyon, Moore, Nel- 90 son, of Mass., Nelson, of Va., Pickens, Picker-100 ing, Randolph, Reynolds, Roan, Robertson, 101 Root, Ross, Sheffrey, Smith, of Va., Stearns, 125 Stuart, Tate, Taylor, of S. C., Telfair, Thomas, 150 Voses, Wilcox, Wilde, Williams, Wright, and 175 Yancey.-54.

5 7 10 15 27 25 33 225

180

150

128

112

90

75

60

56

50

45

88

75

64

56

50

45

111

90

75

64

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From the above it will be seen that all the 225 then leaders of the republican party voted in 250 favor of the bill. How can it be supposed 251 that they would have voted for "an ample pro- 275 tective system," distinct from revenue? How can 300 it be made to appear that this was such a sys-325 tem? Why is Mr. Calhoun dragged out singly 350 to be made the victim, while, if he erred, he 375 erred with the whole republican party? We 400 say, (supposing him to have erred in his course 401

60 55

51

48

45

50.

All manufactures of wool or of which wool the attacks which he makes on Mr. Calhoun, is a component part, (except blankets, hoisery, on account, as he says, of his vote on the ta mits, gloves, and bindings, which pay 25 per cent. riff of 1816, are not dictated by any regard to ad valorem, worsted stuff goods which pay 25 the spirit of the Constitution, the principles per cent. bombazines, which pay 33 per cent. of the republican party, or the peace and caps, which pay 30 per cent., and carpetting, prosperity of the country. We appeal to the which pays 70 cents per square yard, for Brus facts to support the charge. Even admitting sels, Turkey and Wilton, 40 cents., for Veni- that Mr. Calhoun voted for a "protecting ta tian and ingrain, 32 cents for all other kinds,) riff," as such, (which we deny,) yet that tasuch as flannels, baizes, coastings, cloths, riff laid duties to only 25 per cent., and preshawls, swansdown and Valencia vestings, ker- vided for their decrease to 20 per cent. While seymeres, habit cloth, &c. the cost of which Mr. Van Buren, on two different occasions, shall be as expressed in the first column, pay. after the subject had been fully examined and But on all the manufactures of wool, except discussed; after the constitutional question had flannels and baizes, costing 33 cents or less per square yard, the duty by the act of 1824, was only 25 per cent. ad valorem, and by the act of 1828, 14 cents per square yard, which amounts to from 42 to 140 per cent. ad valo

rem.

Note. Prior to the act of 1816, all woollen goods paid the same duties. By that act, "blankets, woollen rugs, and worstsd or stuff goods," were excepted, and placed at 15 per cent. the rate existing before the war duties were laid in 1812.

been argued and determined by the south; after Mr. Calhoun and the entire southern Republican delegation had denounced it as alike inexpedient and unconstitutional; after all this, Mr. Van Buren voted to raise this tariff from 50 to 225 per cent.! And yet, this print not only assails Mr. Calhoun for his vote, but is doing every thing that a partisan can do, not only to excuse Van Buren, but actually to transfer the vote of Virginia to this man, and to make him Vice President, and President hereafter! The facts need no sort of comment. History furBy the tariff of 1816 the duties were fixed,nishes no similar example. Our country never as we have said, at 25 per cent. ad valo- beheld such a spectacle. We submit it to the rem; and after three years, at 20 per cent. ad consideration of an honest and intelligent peovalorem. In 1819, the tariff party procured a repeal of the clause which provided for the reduction, and the bill stood unaltered until 1824, when the duties were raised to 33 1-3 per cent. And by whom were they raised? We have already republished the greater part of the proceedings upon that tariff, and have The Republic is perhaps in peril. It has shown, by documentary proof, that MARTIN been brought to this state by a reckless adheVAN BUREN not only voted for that tariff, and rence to men, by intrigue, profligacy, and coragainst every proposition to reduce the duties, ruption, having no parallel in the history of but that, in his speech, he openly advocated nations. If the people do not rise up and corthe protecting system, in the true Clay signifirect these evils, they will, in a short time, have cation of the words, as the policy of the coun-no Constitution to protect-no liberty to betry. He defended the right of the Government queath to their children. We have nothing to to lay duties for the purpose of protection, as may be seen by reference to his speech. And it is a notorious fact, that through his influence this tariff bill was passed, and that too without any instruction.

The tariff stood thus at 33 1-3 per cent. until 1828, when the same MARTIN VAN BUREN practised a gross deception upon the southern delegation, by giving false pledges which he did not redeem, and by his vote raised the tariff to from 50 to 225 per cent!

ple, reiterating the declaration, which we do most solemnly believe to be true, that the attacks made upon Mr. Calhoun and others on this head, are not dictated by any respect for the sacredness of the Constitution or the good of the country.

do either with Mr. Calhoun, or General Jackson, or Mr. Clay. We have no lot or part in this Presidential contest. We put the whole subject under our feet, when the liberty, the Constitution, and the Union are at stake.

We shall resume the subject, not so much with a view to defend Mr. Calhoun, as to erpose the spirit and purposes which have induced the attacks upon him.

Charge 2.-The apostate editor next charges Mr. Calhoun with maintaining unconstitutional The tariff remained as it was until a few doctrines in his speech against the repeal of the weeks since, when the friends of this same direct taxes. The speech is not published, and MARTIN VAN BUREN, by way of " compromise not having examined, we cannot say whether and concession," laid an additional burden of the charge be true or false. When the charge upwards of $1,000,000 per annum, on the pro-is made upon something better than the simple tected articles! And as they could not succeed assertions of a partisan editor, it will be time in the scheme of distributing the surplus reve-enough to answer it. In the mean time, we nue among the States, they combined with the present the fact as charged, that Mr. Calhoun friends of Henry Clay, and passed a mammoth opposed the repeal to the direct taxes, to rebut pension bill, requiring the appropriation of the allegation of the apostate, that he was in $,5000,000 per annum! favor of an "ample protective system of manuWe do not now state these facts as charges factures" separate from revenue. Had he been aimed at Mr. Van Buren. We adduce them so, he would not have desired to see the direct to bear on his apostate editor. We say, that taxes sustained; for the policy would have been

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to have drawn the whole revenue from the pro serve to enjoy the blessings of freedom. Heatecting duties This is now the policy by which ven smiled upɔn and gave us liberty and indethe "system" is kept up. It is much to be re-pendence. That same Providence has blessed gretted that the system of direct taxes was ever us with THE MEANS OF NATIONAL INDEPENDENCE If we omit or refuse abolished; for although we dislike as much as and NATIONAL DEFENCE.

any, the domiciliary visits of Government to use the gifts which he has extended to us, we officers, yet had that system been upheld, we deserve not the continuation of his blessings. should never have seen the "abominable tariff." He has filled our mountains and plains with miBut Government have ever been adroit in turn-nerals, with lead, iron, and copper; and given us ing the prejudices of the people to their own a climate and soil for the growth of HEMP and advantage. The opposition to the system of wooL. These being the grand material of our direct taxation, where every man would know NATIONAL DEFENCE, they ought to have extendthe exact amount which he paid, was made a to them fair and adequate PROTECTION, that our pretext to resort to an indirect system of taxation, own manufactories and laborers may be placed where the people could never know the amount on a fair competition with those of Europe, and of the exactions levied upon them by Govern-that we may have within our country a supply ment. If the present amount of imports were of those leading and important articles so essen now laid directly on the people, would the tariff tial in war. Beyond this I look at the tariff with stand two months? No-they would pull it an eye to the proper distribution of labor and redown, though it involved the destruction of its venue," &c. &c. advocates, Clay, Jackson, and Van Buren. Again-What was his language in 1828, to They know this-and hence their plan of the Senate of Indiana? And what were the whipping the devil around the stump. We grounds he assumed in his message to Congress should like to see a proposition to restore the in 1830? Did he not distinctly entrench himsystem of direct taxation. We would then make self behind this "modern heresy of J. Q. Adams, this gentry show their hands. Would Clay, justifying the tariff on the ground of common de. Jackson, or Van Buren-or the apostate-advo-fence," &c.? Were not his arguments almost cate such a proposition? in the words of the “ineffably stupid” message of Adams in 1826? The apostate knows it to be so.

But it seems that Mr. Calhoun (with the modern heresy of J. Q. Adams, justifying the tariff on the ground of common defence, &c.") maintains "the DUTY of this country, as a means of defence, to encourage the domestic industry of the country," &c.

As to MARTIN MAR-PRELATE, the saccharine gentleman, his votes in 1824 and 1828, and his sheep speech at Albany, save us the necessity of inquiring what are his sentiments.

Now what do Jackson and Van Buren say In quoting these paragraphs, we do not upon this subject? The apostate told us the mean to charge any thing against Jackson. His opinions of the former some few years since, sentiments upon this subject have been signed when he was abusing him with the same reck- by his own proper hand, and published to the lessness which now characterizes his praise. world; and if his pliant parasites, with a view He says, in his letter to Mr. Patterson of Phila- of recominending themselves to his favor, gloss delphia, in the case of the "grass bonnets," them over for the purpose of misleading "Upon the success of manufacture, depends, the people, the fault is not properly his. The in a great measure, the independence of this contempt and detestation due to such conduct, country, and I can assure you that no one feels cleave only to the skirts of those who are guilty more than I do, the necessity of encouraging of it. Neither are we here defending the opi them." But what says he in his celebrated nions of Mr. Calhoun, (though we will say that letter to Dr. Coleman? These are his words: the charges brought against him by the apos"You ask me my opinion on the tariff. I an- tate, both in form and substance, are totally desIt is easy, swer, that I am in favor of a judicious examina-titute of any foundation in truth. tion and revision of it; and so far as the tariff at least to those who have long practised the bill before us embraces the design of fostering, disgraceful and degrading art, to pervert a protecting, and preserving within ourselves THE man's sentiments, by wresting from the conMEANS OF NATIONAL DEFENCE and independence, text, a passage here and there. It is the mode particularly in a state of war, I would advocate in which the devil quotes scripture; and those it. The experience of the late war ought to who emulate the art will doubtless always find teach us a lesson, and one never to be forgot him an able and willing instructor.) Our obten. Can there be an American patriot, who ject is to show, that those whom the Apostate saw the privations, dangers, and difficulties ex-applauds to the skies, are obnoxious in the perienced for the want of PROPER MEANS OF DE- highest degree to all the allegations brought FENCE during the last war, who would be wil- against him whom he condemns, and to leave it ling again to hazard the safety of our country, to the public to determine upon the motives and if embroiled; or to rest it FOR DEFENCE on the objects which lie at the bottom of such conduct.. precarious means of national resource to be de- For ourself, we express no amazement at the rived from commerce in a state of war with a spectacle. We have seen too much of it. maratime power, who might destroy that com- Still, if it be right, if it be just, if it be equitamerce to prevent us obtaining THE MEANS OF ble, there is no distinction between virtue and DEFENCE, and thereby subdue us? I hope there vice. The simple habitant of the forest, acis not; and if there is, I am sure he does not de-cording to the fable, turned the traveller from

his cell because he blew hot and cold with the FORIEGN INTELLIGENCE same breath. He felt that the stern sublimity

of moral virtue was outraged by the hypocrisy FROM THE NEW YORK JOURNAL OF COMMERCE. and double-dealing of the act. And he who wishes to test the truth and value of the moral

LATER FROM ENGLAND.

it contains, has but to make the experiment of By the bark Orbit, Captain Page, we have the traveller. A confiding people may be Liverpool dates to July 22d. The Orbit was duped for a time; but with them political in- boarded by the Journal of Commerce, Saturday tegrity is not a mere name-a shadow. They afternoon outside the Hook.

regard it as being, what indeed it is, the soul Unfortunately there is no political news. The of the body of Government. When that de-only article of interest which the papers conparts, this will crumble into dust. tain, is a debate which occurred in the House If the Apostate really regards the opinions of of Lords on the 18th, respecting Greece, and Mr. Calhoun on the tariff, as of a character so that is spoiled for present use, by having been dangerous, how is it that we find him extolling published on Friday last. Jackson and Van Buren, who, to say the least, are equally guilty? If these objections be prompted by a regard to the public interest, how comes it to happen,that they are so partial? But the saying of the great dramatist is destined to be true throughout all time, and under all circumstances

That in the captain's but a choleric word,
Which, in the soldier, is flat blasphemy

EXPLOSION.

Extract of a letter to the Editor of the United
States Gazette, dated

WILMINGTON, Aug. 25, 1832.

Cholera in Liverpool, July 20th, cases 78, deaths 26.

The news from Portugal is no later. We extract the following paragraph.

LIVERPOOL, July 21.-The arrival of the Pantaloon, of 10 guns, at Portsmouth, from the coast of Portugal, has brought news one day later than the Firebrand. The only additional information received by this channel is, that Don Pedro had despatched to the Villa Nova side of the river 2000 men more to join the 3000 he bad before sent in pursuit of the troops of Don Miguel. The officers of the Pantaloon had heard nothing of one of Miguel's regiments being cut to pieces for crying Viva Maria!" An explosion took place to-day about noon The 5000 men whom Don Pedro sent in pur. of one of Dupont's powder mills. I was distant suit of the Miguelites, who hitherto have done from the place about six miles, and heard it nothing but run away, are probably sufficient very distinctly, with its prolonged rumbling for the purpose of driving them to the gates of echo. It was different from the noise which Lisbon, should they escape being cut off by the thunder makes in its character, and I was in- 3000 men sent to Figueras; while a garrison of stantly sure, from the quarter whence it pro- 2,500 men at Oporto, which make up the numceeded, that it was a powder mill which had ber of the troops with whom he landed, will be blown up; a huge column of smoke from the more than sufficient to enable Don Pedro to same quarter convinced me it was so. On ar- keep possession of that strongly fortified city. riving at the mills, I found it was the dust mill Lisbon was declared by Miguel in a state of in the lower yard which had exploded, where siege; he had promised, however, to protect the ingredients are mixed, and that two unfor- the British merchants as much as he could. tunate Irishmen had perished. Every part of Accounts have been received, which state `the mill was blown to atoms, and the bodies of that one division of Don Pedro's army is at the two men were found, horribly mangled and Grigo, a strong military position-that the adblackened, on the bank of the creek, covered vanced guard is at Vouga, about 40 miles diswith rubbish; they had been blown o' t of the tant from Oporto-and that the object is to admill with the walls. No other person was vance to Coimbra, from whence the communimaimed. cation with Figueras will give the invading ar

No assignable cause was given for the unex-my a command of the whole sea coast from pected accident, and the most probable reason Oporto to Figueras. The people of influence is the heating of a gudgeon by great friction, at Oporto are said to have declared in favor of which may be so great that, although no visible Donna Maria.-Chronicle.

heat is produced, still the temperature is high LEOPOLD'S MARRIAGE.-The Brussels papers enough to fire the dust when extremely fine. state that the King's marriage is expected to It appears there is no safety in mills of this take place about the 7th of August, and add kinds where such friction is not provided that the income of the Queen amounts to a mil. against. It would, I think, be the proper duty lion of francs at least.

for the proprietor of these mills, as well as all The accounts from Malta, by the mail, are to the proprietors of gunpowder mills, to have the 28th ult. They state the northern part of the causes of these unaccountable explosions Greece to be the scene of complete anarchy. investigated and provided against. Sir Hum- Patras had been taken possession of by Zevelphrey Davy's safety lamp has saved hundreds las, and the family of the British Consul had of lives, and science, no doubt, might be ap- embarked on board his Majesty's ship Rainbow, plied with excellent effect to the dangers which which was off the port. The inhabitants and powder mills are exposed to. residents were leaving by every opportunity.

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