It is alleged in all the newspapers in this the benefit of this abolition has been more than State, which adopt the reasoning of "the Ad-counterbalanced, by the imposition of a daty, dress," that no spirit of compromise or concilia- under the act of 1832, of 50 per cent. ad valo tion entered into the composition of the late rem upon all woollen cloths costing more tha tariff act, and that its sole object was to confer 35 cents the square yard. Let me, briefly, de additional bounties upon the tariff States, and monstrate the unsoundness of this objection to increase the burthens upon the planting By the existing tariff, woollen cloths not costing States. My opinion of that act I have already more than 33 cts. the sqr. yd. pay a duty of 14 expressed; and it is not my intention to ascribe cents the square yard, which is actually 34-45 it to merits which I have hitherte denied to it, per cent. ad valorem. Wollens costing 13 but I cannot refrain from admitting, that the cents the square yard, and not more than 30 act of July, 1832, does contain some provisions cents, are estimated at 50 cents the quee ch proc which proceeded from a spirit of compromise yard, and pay a duty of 45 cent. ad valorem

which is, actually, 48 per cent. Woollens I have thus, fellow citizens, submitted to you costing 50 cents, and not more than $1, the my reasons for the vote which I gave upon the square yard, are estimated at $1, and pay a du- passage of the late tariff act, and my views of ty of 45 per cent, which is, actually, 50-59 per that act, both in its immediate effects, and as cent. ad valorem. Woollens costing $1, and compared with the existing tariff. I feel connot more than $2,50 the square yard, are esti-fident that my vote will be approved of by all >mated at $2,50, and pay a duty of 45 per cent. of you, who prefer conciliation and comproad valorem, which is actually a duty of 54-82 mise to a rupture with the members of our per cent. ad valorem. Woollens costing $2,50 confederacy. When a system has long been and not more than $4 the square yard, are esti-established, which extensively controls the namated at $4, and pay a duty of 45 per cent. tional capital and labor, however unwisely it ad valorem, which is, actually, 61-59 per cent. may have been introduced, it cannot, suddenly ad valorem. All woollen cloths costing over be abolished, without spreading desolution and $4 the square yard, pay a duty of 50 per cent. ruin among millions, and communicating a pead valorem, which with the additional 10 per rilous shock to our tranquillity and security. cent, under the tariff of 1828, is 55 per cent. ad However we may deprecate a protective tarifl, valorem. The foregoing duties, which I have in its principle and in its details; however instated as actually paid, are taken from an offi. digdantly we may arraign the motives in which cial document of the Treasury Department. It it originated, and the consequences resulting is thus seen that the existing duties, in every from it, the majority of the people are, neveritem, exceeds those of the act of 1832, except-theless, convinced, that it is warranted by the ing upon woollen cloths costing between 33 Constitution, and recommended by the soundest Icents, and 50 cents the square yard, and be policy. From the prevalence of these sentiments tween 60 cents and $1 the square yard, when among the majority, and the legislative encour they are less in a very small degree; but upon agement of them by high and stimulating pro such as cost more than $1 the square yard, they tective duties, immense capitals have been inare, considerably, higher. This difference in vested in numerous and complicated branches the rate of the duties is, by no means the prin- of human industry, which, it must be obvious, cipal benefit derived from the late act; for by ought not to be interfered with, excepting with the substitution of ad valorem for minimum the utmost caution, deliberation, and forbearduties, the manufacturers are deprived of what ance. Thus impressed with the importance, amounts almost to a monopoly, in the home the intricacy, and the delicacy of this subject, market, as to all wollen cloths, the prices of when the consideration of the tariff was brought which are between the minimum reductions.up,during the last session of Congress,my anticiThis fact was openly and repeatedly avowed in the House of Bepresentatives, during the pendency of the bill, in the last session of Congress, and it was owing to the abolition of the minimums upon woollens, that the leading advocates of "the American System" were so hos-dations of the system should be thus uudermintile to the passage of the law.*

pations of its improvement were limited to such alterations as would lighten some of its burthens, obliterate some of its most obnoxious enactments, and manifest a temper and disposition indicative of still further amelioration. When the foun

tains, no small portion of its ancient defect, although it still requires great and radical improvements, yet it does appear to me that it makes such approaches to what it ought to be, us to render it worthy of acceptance, at this time, to every patriotic and reflecting states. man, who seeks to obtain the recognition of the principles of free trade, by temperate and practicable means.

ed, the cheering prospect would be presented, that Congress would gradually act upon the • Mr. EVERETT, of Vermont said, what in principles which ought never to be lost sight of substance, was repeated by several other mem- -that domestic industry should only be incibers who advocated protection, than he con-dentally protected by duties upon foreign imsidered that system (the minimums) as afford-portations. Although the tariff act of 1832 is, ing the most efficient protection, with the least in my opinoin, imperfect, although it still re- burthen on the consumer. The operation of that system had been misrepresented. He had been surprised to hear gentlemen affirm that it levied duties of 100 and 150, and even of 225 per cent. A yard of cloth costing $1, pays 45 cents, and a yard costing one dollar and one cent, it is true, if imported, would pay 1124 cents, which would be at the rate of 112 per cent; so a yard costing 50 cents, would pay 224 cents, being at the rate of 90 per cent. But To what extent the duties and the revenue what was the fact? No cloths chargeable with will be reduced by the late tariff act, I have althese high duties were imported. The importa-ready shown. Surely, a diminution in the protions were confined to cloths valued at or a lit-tecting duties of $1,869,056, and in the aggretle under the minimums. The effect then, was gate of the revenue from the customs of $5,prohibition of the importation of most of the 187,078, is a relief, in the gross and in the decloths between the minimums. Of those ex-tail. Surely a diminution in taxes, which recluded, the cloths of the intermediate values, the duces their nett receipts from $17,288,645 to American manufacturer will have the whole mar-$12,101,567, is a general benefit. These ameket."-Extract from Mr. Everett's speech on, liorations, combined with some concessions of the tariff bill delivered 18th June, 1832, as the south, and the repeal of the minimums upon published in the National Intelligencer. woollens, ought to be hailed, with some satis

condition in which the south has been placed it was left to them by the southern members to by its passage, yet it may perhaps not be say what was a fair revenue duty. Any scheme, deemed inappropriate to this occasion, to offer therefore, by which the tariff was to be so adsome additional observations. My vote against justed as to keep up the duties on the prothe new tariff was mainly influenced by a con-tected articles at 40 or 50 per cent., while the viction that it embraced not only a distinct re- duties on the unprotected articles were to be cognition of the principle of protection, but that carried down to 5 or 10 per cent., or to be enit carried out that principle in its most objec-tirely repealed, could not have received my tionable form, by making so broad and unwar- support, for besides that such an arrangement rantable a discrimination between what are of the tariff obviously increased the inequality called the PROTECTED and the UNPROTECTED and aggravated the injustice of which we had ARTICLES, as to show a fixed and settled pur- so long and so loudly complained, it was impose of relieving the latter entirely from taxa-possible not to perceive that it was calculated tion, and throwing the whole burden of sup-to establish the protecting system on an importing the Government upon the former. If moveable foundation. The extinction of the i could have been satisfied that all the state- national debt was a most interesting crisis in ments which have been made as to the aggre- our affairs, and one not likely to occur again. gate reduction of duties, were perfectly cor- The country was now to be relieved from a derect, I should, for this reason alone, have still mand upon its Treasury equal to $12,000,000 voted against the bill. From the moment the per annum, and if this was not to be followed American system became the subject of serious by a corresponding reduction of the duties on dispute, the point on which the whole contro- the protected as well as the unprotected arversy has turned, has been, whether duties not ticles, if by a new and uncalled for extension necessary for revenue should be imposed mere of the appropriations, or by a total repeal of ly for the protection of domestic manufactures. the taxes on the unprotected articles, high duAgainst duties imposed for revenue, not one ties on the protected articles should be renderword of objection has ever been urged. The ed necessary to meet the expenses of the Gosouth did not complain that teas, and wines, vernment, it was perfectly obvious that no fursilks, and laces, spices, yelvets and jewellery, ther reduction on those articles could be reahad duties imposed upon them to raise a revenue sonably expected, especially as the payment for the support of Government, and the pay-of the public debt had, by common consent, ment of the public debt, but that sugar and been looked to as the period when the policy salt, woollens, cottons, iron, and other similar of the country, in reference to this great ques articles, had duties imposed upon them beyond tion, was to be permanently fixed and the questhe revenue standard, and for the avowed pur- tion settled for ever. pose of affording protection, as it was called, to Since my return home, I have seen it frethe American manufacturer of similar articles. quently asserted in the public prints that the It was because the cotton, rice, and tobacco of new bill must be regarded by us as the first step the south were exchanged in European markets towards further concessions on the part of the for the very articles thus exorbitantly taxed, in manufacturers; a sort of "entering wedge," by order to secure to our rivals an advantage in which the system is in the end to be split to our own markets, that we protested against the pieces, and I am aware that it is on this ground imposition of these protecting duties, as an act that it is supported by some, who profess an unof the grossest injustice towards us, rendering alterable determination not permanently to subin effect our industry tributary to the industry mit to the protective system. On this point, I of others. In this aspect of the question, it is can only say that the bill did not come to me manifest, that nothing short of the present or recommended by any vain expectations of that prospective abandonment of this system, by sort. No promises of further reductions, as far bringing down the protecting duties to the true as I know or believe, were held out by the revenue standard, could possibly satisfy the tariff party in Washington or elsewhere; nor just claims of the south. According to my do I remember ever to have heard a single supviews of this great question, it would have been porter of the system, in Congress, or out of it, utterly impossible for me to have given my utter one word to encourage the hope that, at support to any bill, which proposed to arrange any future day, however distant, the protecting the duties after the payment of the public debt, system was to be abandoned, or a further reas in effect to relieve the unprotected articles duction made on the protected articles. From from taxation, while the duties on the protect- the commencement of the discussion in the Seed articles were to remain substantially undi-nate, up to the debate on the final passage of minished. A careful examination of the condi- the bill, the language of Mr. Dickerson, Mr. tion of our finances had satisfied me that duties Clay, and the other supporters of the system. ranging from 12 to 15 per cent. would, under distinctly and uniformly was, that the protective a system of free trade, have been abundantly system was to be maintained unimpaired; and sufficient, with the other sources of revenue, they supported the bill on its final passage, exto meet all the necessary expenses of Govern- pressly on the ground that it amounted, in the ment. This indeed was admitted by the tariff emphatic language of Mr. Clay himself, "ro puty themselves, on several occasions during A CLEAR, DISTINCT, AND INDISPUTABLE ADMISthe last session of Congress, and especially in sroxN OF THE PRINCIPLE OF PROTECTION." Let fixing the duty on indigo at 15 per cent., when these facts be taken in connexion with the fol