librarian of the Bodleian, who presented them I have the following works on Berkshire antiquities and topography, which answer the latter portion of SIR T. WINNINGTON'S query : "The History and Antiquities of Newbury and its Environs, containing 28 Parishes in the Co. of Berks." Speenhainland, 1839. The History and Antiquities of the Hundred of Compton in Co. of Berks, by Wm. Hewitt, Jun." Reading, 1844. "Cumnor Place, Berks, with Biographical Notices of Lady Amy Dudley and Antony Forster, Esq., by A. D. Bartlett." 1850. "An Inquiry into the Particulars associated with the Death of Amy Robsart, Lady Dudley, at Cumnor, Berks, by J. T. Pettigrew." 1859. "The Worthies and Celebrities of Newbury, Berks, and its Neighbourhood, by Henry Godwin." Newbury, 1859. “Amy Robsart and the Earl of Leycester, by George Adlard." 1870. Andover. SAMUEL SHAW. PENMEN (4th S. iii. 458, 536, 563; iv. 35, 100, 167; v. 458.)-Massey's book, The Origin and Progress of Letters (British Museum, 623, g.), has again and again been mentioned in articles that have appeared in "N. & Q." under the above heading. If intending correspondents would but refer to it-perhaps all cannot-they might be stayed from making announcements as to "Penmen" that he has given record of, and so save more wary writers from the imputation of being "know-nothings." Both William Banson and Abraham Nicholas are on Massey's list. Since forwarding my previous contribution, I have made the acquaintance of a few more unrecorded "Penmen," viz. : Allais de Beaulieu, “L'Art d'Écrire." Paris, 1698, sm. fol., 24 engraved plates and 12 pages of letterpress direc tions. Paillasson, "L'Art d'Écrire, pour le Dictionnaire des Arts." 1765, fol., 16 engraved plates and 15 pages of explanative letterpress. Butterworth (E.), "Universal Penman." 1785, fol. obl., 32 engraved plates, and one page, in type, of instruction. Finlinson (J.), "Specimens of Penmanship." 1834, fol. obl, title-page and 14 plates, all engraved. Carstairs (J.), "Lectures on the Art of Writing." Lond. 1836, 8vo, illustrated by some 28 engraved plates. A copy of each is in my possession. JAN. ZLE. DEFOE: "MERCURIUS POLITICUS": MESNAGER'S "NEGOTIATIONS" (4th S. iii. 548; v. 177, 202, 393.)-At the last of the above references, A. H. asks if Defoe's own son may not have been his father's "double" in respect of the "quasi Defoe productions specifically repudiated by the great Daniel?" Benjamin Norton Defoe is the son intended. He was engaged on the editorial staff of the London Journal in 1721; and, when collecting my materials for a Life of the father, it became a point of interest to ascertain if his literary talent was inherited by his son, and to what extent, if any. Again, in my attempt to solve the difficulty of the father's apparent denial of authorship in the case of Mesnager, I further examined the son's writings for the special object then in hand. The search was fruitless, and therefore I did not record it in a paper that was necessarily longer than I wished. In reply to your querist, however, I may say that, although B. N. Defoe was not without some smartness of style, I think he was totally devoid of the genius of "the great Daniel," and could not have written "the quasi Defoe productions" W. LEE. or any of them. "borne be BYRON FAMILY (4th S. v. 558.)-The reliable line, to use your correspondent's expression, of the Byron family commences with John Byron of Newsted, co. Nottingham, who is omitted in the account of the family in Burke's Peerage, illegitimate son of Sir John Byron by his second wife Elizabeth, daughter of William Casterden. In Harl. MS. 1555 he is described as fore marriage," and two Byron coats are tricked: the one Byron as now borne, the other differenced by a bordure sable. Under the undifferenced coat is written, "Thus they bear it now, 1630;" and under the other, "Thus John Biron of Newsted, base sonn of St John, bare it and two descents omit the bastard descent. In the pedigree given from him." Burke, and also Thoroton, entirely by the latter it is the more remarkable, as he appears to have derived his pedigrees from the Heralds' Visitations; that Burke should leave such an important fact unnoticed, is perhaps not so much to be wondered at, after the simple credulity he displayed in the insertion in his Landed Gentry of that wide-famed pedigree of the Coltharts of Colthart and Collun, and others of the G. W. M. same genus. ORIGIN OF THE BASQUES (4th S. v. 89, 229, 331, 411, 498.)-I wish to correct an unfair and illworded commentary on a periodical called The Basque Problem Solved which I made in your columns some time ago. Since writing it I find the author has added two or three numbers to the one I then had before me, and he is certainly doing some good work in the field of Basque philology by drawing attention to the large proportion of Celtic words derived from or connected with Basque. This of course is only to palliate my ill-natured commentary. The fact still remains, that qua languages, Celtic and Basque are in structure as wide apart as Lap and Sanscrit. But what is to be made of another writer in the same field, DR. CHARNOCK, I confess I am at a loss to know. Campbell in 1809, at the end of the quarto Gertrude of Wyoming, republished the Lochiel with sundry most unfortunate amendments, Scott wrote an article in the then infant Quarterly remonstrating against the changes. Campbell, it is well known, was for ever fiddling and messing away at his works, and it is very unsafe, therefore, to assume that what appears a misquotation is not supportable by some particular edition or by some autograph copy. I have before me at this moment two editions of The Pleasures of Hope; in one of these the second part contains 326 lines, and in the other 474; and in the later of these editions an autograph copy of the "Adelgitha is inserted, "transcribed by T. Campbell, London, March 12, 1832," in which I find that the valiant stranger knelt to "ask," not to "claim," her glove, and that he was "in truth," not "in deed," her own true love. So, when F. found Scott saying that a road in Argyllshire was "frequented by few" instead of "travelled by few," he was, I think, hardly justified in taking up more than half a column of "N. & Q." with the important discovery of what, in all probability, was only one of many varie lectiones. Besides this, I hold Sir Walter Scott to be one of those very great men in whose writings misquotations, if misquotations they be, should not be corrected in the text, but pointed out in foot-notes as interesting examples in which-to use his own words "Each lapse in faithless memory void, The poet's glowing thought supplied." If I have succeeded in vindicating the publishers against F.'s assault it is only to bring a far more serious charge against them. Unless public report lies most grossly, the auri sacra fames has by this time been sufficiently gratified to enable them to consign to the melting-pot the old stereotype-plates of the poems and miscellaneous prose works. Had they done this some months ago the public would not have been seduced by "Roxburgh bindings" to purchase copies of Marmion in which one-half of each type has vanished from the world, and the other half been rendered burry by attrition; or a Life of Dryden with notes which the innocent buyer imagines to bear the date of 1869, but which he will find some half century in arrear of the information contained in the admirable "Globe Edition" of Glorious John, which has just been published by Mr. W. D. Christie, the latest, and in some respects the best, of a series of extraordinary cheap ness and value. CHITTELDROOG. THOMAS HUDSON THE LONDON SONG-WRITER (4th S. v. 580.)-If I cannot answer O. categorically, I can give him, from personal knowledge, information which may afford him some satisfac tion. Thomas Hudson was the son of John Hudson, who, in the year 1804, and for some little time previously, kept a shop in Mount Street, Lambeth, where he sold perfumery and washes and dyes of his own manufacture. I first knew Thomas - who was, I believe, an only child-as an errand-boy to a grocer of the name of Haywood, in the same street. He was an extremely active, merry, and intelligent lad. From the condition of errand-boy he soon became a shopman, and was so employed when I, by a change of residence, lost sight of him for a few years. I next heard of him as a singer of comic songs of his own writing; and if there be yet living any of those who frequented the "Coal Hole" in Fountain Court in the Strand, they will remember how warm was the admiration, and loud the applause, bestowed on Tom Hudson's "L. A. W., Law" "; "Walker the Twopenny Postman"; "Barclay and Perkins's Drayman,' and similar effusions, which, like the tricks in a pantomime, used to hit off the current fun of the day, and owed no little of their popularity to the peculiar talent of the singer when added to the merit of the composition. It is but just to say that I never heard or saw any one of his productions that had in it anything offensive to morality. At the commencement of this part of his career he kept a small grocer's shop in Wardour Street, whence he afterwards removed to Museum Street, where, if I mistake not, he died. Collections of his songs, in shilling numbers, were made by himself, and printed and sold, but not through any publisher (as I believe) with the exception of a few. I have a copy of one, "The Right Use of Gold," which purports to be the last that he wrote, and was set to music by Edward J. Loder, and published after his death by Monro & May, 11, Holborn Bars, at what date the titleIt would not be difficult, page does not show. however, with this clue, to discover the date of his death. He must have been born about 1792. J. C. H. "An Inquiry into the Particulars associated with the Death of Amy Robsart, Lady Dudley, at Cumnor, Berks, by J. T. Pettigrew." 1859. "The Worthies and Celebrities of Newbury, Berks, and its Neighbourhood, by Henry Godwin." Newbury, 1859. London Journal in 1721; and, when collecting my materials for a Life of the father, it became a point of interest to ascertain if his literary talent was inherited by his son, and to what extent, if any. Again, in my attempt to solve the difficulty of the father's apparent denial of authorship in the case of Mesnager, I further examined the son's writings for the special object then in hand. The search was fruitless, and therefore I did not record it in a paper that was necessarily longer than I wished. In reply to your querist, however, I may say that, although B. N. Defoe was not without some smartness of style, I think he was totally devoid of the genius of "the great Daniel," and could not have written "the quasi Defoe productions” or any of them. W. LEE. BYRON FAMILY (4th S. v. 558.)-The reliable "Amy Robsart and the Earl of Leycester, by George the Byron family commences with John Byron of line, to use your correspondent's expression, of Adlard." 1870. Andover. SAMUEL SHAW. PENMEN, (4th S. iii. 458, 536, 563; iv. 35, 100, 167; v. 458.)-Massey's book, The Origin and Progress of Letters (British Museum, 623, g.), has again and again been mentioned in articles that have appeared in "N. & Q." under the above heading. If intending correspondents would but refer to it-perhaps all cannot-they might be stayed from making announcements as to "Penmen" that he has given record of, and so save more wary writers from the imputation of being know-nothings." Both William Banson and Abraham Nicholas are on Massey's list. Since forwarding my previous contribution, I have made the acquaintance of a few more unrecorded "Penmen," viz. :— Allais de Beaulieu, "L'Art d'Écrire." Paris, 1698, sm. fol., 24 engraved plates and 12 pages of letterpress direc tions. Paillasson. "L'Art d'Écrire, pour le Dictionnaire des Arts." 1765, fol., 16 engraved plates and 15 pages of explanative letterpress. Butterworth (E.), "Universal Penman." 1785, fol. obl., 32 engraved plates, and one page, in type, of instruction. Finlinson (J.), "Specimens of Penmanship." 1831, fol. obl., title-page and 14 plates, all engraved. Carstairs (J.), "Lectures on the Art of Writing." Lond. 1836, 8vo, illustrated by some 28 engraved plates. A copy of each is in my possession. JAN. ZLE. DEFOE: "MERCURIUS POLITICUS": MESNAGER'S "NEGOTIATIONS" (4th S. iii. 548; v. 177, 202, 393.)—At the last of the above references, A. H. asks if Defoe's own son may not have been his father's "double" in respect of the "quasi Defoe productions specifically repudiated by the great Daniel?" Benjamin Norton Defoe is the son intended. He was engaged on the editorial staff of the Newsted, co. Nottingham, who is omitted in the account of the family in Burke's Peerage, illegitimate son of Sir John Byron by his second wife Elizabeth, daughter of William Casterden. In Harl. MS. 1555 he is described as "borne before marriage," and two Byron coats are tricked: the one Byron as now borne, the other differenced by a bordure sable. Under the undifferenced coat is written, "Thus they bear it now, 1630;" and under the other, "Thus John Biron of Newsted, base sonn of St John, bare it and two descents from him." Burke, and also Thoroton, entirely omit the bastard descent. In the pedigree given by the latter it is the more remarkable, as he appears to have derived his pedigrees from the Heralds' Visitations; that Burke should leave such an important fact unnoticed, is perhaps not so much to be wondered at, after the simple credulity he displayed in the insertion in his Landed Gentry of that wide-famed pedigree of the Coltharts of Colthart and Collun, and others of the same genus. G. W. M. ORIGIN OF THE BASQUES (4th S. v. 89, 229, 331, 411, 498.)-I wish to correct an unfair and illworded commentary on a periodical called The columns some time ago. Since writing it I find Basque Problem Solved which I made in your the author has added two or three numbers to the one I then had before me, and he is certainly doing some good work in the field of Basque philology by drawing attention to the large proportion of Celtic words derived from or connected with Basque. This of course is only to palliate my ill-natured commentary. The fact still remains, that qua languages, Celtic and Basque are in structure as wide apart as Lap and Sanscrit. But what is to be made of another writer in the same field, DR. CHARNOCK, I confess I am at a loss to know. In a question of ethnology, and especially such a very crabbed question as that of the Basques and their affinities, a feeling somewhat akin to the grotesque overcomes one in hearing such a deus ex machiná as the name of Dr. Owen brought in to settle matters. On such a subject one would have expected to hear something of the profoundest modern inquirer on the Basques, Wilhelm von Humboldt, or of Lucien Bonaparte, who has also written so well and diligently about them. These names stand at the very threshold of the subject. Who are DR. CHARNOCK'S Tartars? The word is as vague as Scyths or Turanians. It is generally applied to the Turkish tribes of Southern Russia and of Central Asia. More correctly it stands for the Mongols of Zenghiz Khan, and, perhaps more correctly still, for a small race living by Lake Baikal in the twelfth century; but no one has ever dreamt of making the Basques Turks, Mongols, or Tungus. Surely DR. CHARNOCK was not including in the word Tartar the Fins, about whose connection with the Basques Lucien Bonaparte has most ably written. Yet, unless he was fighting a shadow, it could only be the Fins he was thinking of; and if so, it was surely rash to lean for support on Dr. Owen when sneering at Lucien Bonaparte in the latter's most special branch of inquiry. HENRY H. HOWORTH. "THEODORE" (4th S. v. 560.)—The author of Theodore; or, the Gamester's Progress, and of Matilda; or, the Welsh Cottage, was my father, Richard Scrafton Sharpe, of No. 56, Fenchurch Street, London, who died in 1852. He was also the author of Old Friends in a New Dress; or, Esop's Fables in Verse, Smiles for all Seasons (published by Smith, Elder, & Co.), and numerous songs, among them the old glee called "The Wreath," set to Mazzinghi's music, still popular. FRED. SHARPE. "Faith, here be some slight favours of hers, sir, that ending in den, a list of which your correspondent SHEM, JUN., inquires after. The number as stated by Kemble is therefore more than doubled. I have not sent you a copy of the list before me, thinking that your space might be better occupied. E. H. W. DUNKIN. Greenwich. "His eyes were of a lively blue, fierce and menacing; and this ferocity was heightened by his complexion, which was a strong red, interspersed with spots of white. From his complexion we learn he had the name of Sylla, and an Athenian droll drew the following jest from it :"Sylla's a mulberry sprinkled with meal.'" But the name of Sulla had already been borne by several generations of the family, which had previously been distinguished by the kindred name of Rufinus. It is probable therefore that the florid complexion was hereditary, and the description of the blotched appearance of his face a pleasant exaggeration of his enemies, as was the case with the red nose of our own great dictator. CHITTELDROOG. ST. EMMERAN (4th S. v. 561.)—This saint's name is variously written Emerannus, Emmeramnus, Emmerammus, Haimeramnus, and Eanne. The bishop on the shield is intended for the saint, one of whose emblems, and perhaps the most common, is a ladder. It was, in fact, one of the instruments of his martyrdom. He was bound fast upon a ladder, and his members were chopped off one after another. (See the Benedictin Calendar, Sept. 22, and the Acta Sanctorum, Sept. t. vi. 465.) The following is the quaint old account in the Passionael : "Do togen em de denre sine kledere uth. unde bunden em up eyn ledder mit strycken. unde toghen ene hyr und dar. unde sniden em aff sine kledere." (Dath Passionael, clxxiij Blad, Lubeck, 1507.) F. C. H. A large portion of the library formerly belonging to the monastery of St. Emmeran at Ratisbon is now preserved in the Royal Library at Munich. The most precious book of all is the celebrated copy of the Latin Gospels written in do speak it she is; as this scarf, sir, or this ribbon in golden letters for Charles the Bald in the year mine ear, or so." B. NICHOLSON. TOWNS AND VILLAGES IN THE WEALD OF KENT HAVING THE TERMINATION "DEN" (4th S. v. 560.) I have carefully examined a map of the country between Maidstone and Hythe, and have succeeded in finding no less than sixty-six names 870. Some account of it is given by Keysler, who saw it at Ratisbon. (Travels, iv. 397.) İ saw it at Munich in 1827, and purchased the following work, in which it is minutely described and illustrated by engravings: "Dissertatio in aureum ac pervetustum SS. Evangeliorum Codicem MS. Monasterii S. Emmerami Ratisbonæ. Auctore P. Colomanno Sanftl, ejusdem Monasterii “Rex vero West Saxia tenuit Surreiam, Southsariam, et comitatus Southamtonia, Wiltonia Barocchire (qui sic denominatur à quadam nuda quercu in foresta de Windefoure, ad quam solebant provinciales convenire) Somerseceiæ, Devoniæ, et Cornubia." (Twysden, Hist. Anglicana Scriptores Decem, col. 801.) Berkshire is called by Asser Bearrocscire, and he mentions "Bearrocensis page comes." In Ethelwerd's Chronicle it is called Bearrucscire; in the Saxon Chron. Bearrocscire, Bearrucscire, Berrocscire, and in the Domesday Book Berrochescire and Berchescire. PONSONBY A. LYONS. and 3. the not very feasible operation of "Men's guttes pulled out of their mouthes." These cruelties are charged upon the "Jesuitical popish party in Poland," and are alleged to have occurred at Lesna. Some horrible details are given of other savage proceedings chopping off hands and feet, cutting out the tongues of living people, &c.-the reading of which vividly reminds one of similar atrocities described in the newspapers during the late Indian rebellion, but which, if I rightly remember, were never proved to have been ties so minutely detailed by Thomas Jenner in his really perpetrated. Let us hope that the enormilittle Commonwealth newspaper were equally un authentic. PASSION WEEK (4th S. v. 490, 547.)-There need be no confusion about Passion Week. Any one who has access to the Roman Missal for the Use of the Laity (mine is published by Brown & Keating, 1815) may see that the week before Easter is called Holy Week, and the week before that Passion Week. There are special services for both. P. P. CHANGE OF NAME AT CONFIRMATION (3rd S. xi. 175, 202; 4th S. v. 543.)- The following entry is from the Register of St. Fin-Barre's Cathedral, Cork, p. 20: JANET GEDDES: JENNER'S TRACTS (4th S. v. 367, 459.)-The tract without printer's name, dated "London, 1648," is very probably one printed for Thomas Jenner. I possess several quarto tracts of the Commonwealth period, bound in a volume, with various title-pages and dates, all of which were printed "by M. S. for Thomas Jenner at the South Entrance of the Royal Exchange." In them are small engravings mixed with the letterpress-one representing the "Populace pulling down Cheapside Cross," and nearly all the subjects are described as being contained in the 4to tract of 1648. In the whole volume are forty-seven plates, some of them portraits: e. g. one of Cromwell, occupying a full page and signed "Thos. Jenner, fecit"; another of Prince Frederick, signed "George Ferrbeard excudit." Some of the titles are very curious; one, very long, recommending every ward in London to build a fishing "Buss." The first paragraph is present him; and the Bishop, consenting to the changing as follows: "LONDON'S BLAME, If not its SHAME: Manifested by the great neglect of the Fishery, which affordeth to our neighbour Nation yeerly, the Revenue of many Millions, which they take up at our Doors, whilst, with the sluggard, we fold our hands in our bosoms, and will not stretch them forth to our mouths." This pamphlet is "dedicated by Thomas Jenner to the Corporation of the Poor in the City of London, being a member thereof." In one tract entitled A Further Narrative of the Passages of these Times, &c., at p. 41, is a plate divided into three compartments, showing, 1. "A Divine burnte in the middell of his bookes, his childe pulled from ye brest and tost on a speare 2. "Cords drawne thorow the legs and armes ; "1761. Sept. 21. Robert St. George Caulfield, Lieutenant in his Majesties 93 Regiment of Foot, commanded by Col. Samuel Bagshaw, and eldest son of Rob Caulfield, minister of and residing in the parish of Finglass near Dublin, was by me presented to the Rt Revd Father in God, Jemmett, Lord Bishop of Corke and Ross, in the Cathedral and Parish Church of St. Finbarry, Corke, to be admitted to the holy rite of Confirmation, and to be admitted to change his name of Robert St George for that of William, and by the name of William I did then of his name to William, did then confirm him William. "ALEX. FLACK, Curate." R. C. |