(b) and (c) may be answered together, thus:(1) And to a pleasant a grove I 'gan to pass.' A principal sent. (2) Long ere the brightë sun uprisen was.' Subord, adv. sen!.

modifying (1), connected by long ere.

(3) In which were oakes great (an!) straight.' Adj. sent. qual. grove, connected by in which.

(4) As a line (is straight).'' Adv, sent. subord. to (3), connected by as.

*00416. Ans.

FEMALES.

1. £100 amounts to £114 in given time and at given rate; therefore 114: £100:: £256, 10s. : £225. Ans.

2. £2, 9s. 6d. : £8, os. 103d.;: 198 miles.

fellow-com. noun, neut. sing. obj. by from.

grew-intrans. verb irreg. grow, grew, grown, indicative mood,

past tense, 3d pers. sing. agr. with tree.

me thought a species of impers. verb equal to it seemed to me.

I.

Geography.

NOTES OF A LESSON ON CENTRAL AMERICA. Description and Situation.-Central America consists of a long, narrow, and irregular strip stretching from Mexico to the narrowest part of the Isthmus of Panama.

Size. About 900 miles long, and from 70 to 350 miles broad. Physical Features.-The mountains of three groups-the Honduras and Nicaragua group, the Costa Rica group, and the Guatemala group; some volcanoes in latter. Centre of country a lofty table-land, with a temperate climate; the coast low, hot, and unhealthy. Rivers of little consequence. The soil is very fertile.

Products.-Indigo, cochineal, mahogany, dye-woods, sugar,

and cotton.

The chief industries are agriculture, mining, and cutting mahogany and other woods for exportation.

Divisions.-Guatemala, San Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Mosquito Coast, Costa Rica, and British Honduras. Towns. -New Guatemala, San Salvador, Leon, San José, and Balize. Population.-Nearly three millions, consisting of Indians, Spaniards, and a mixed race.

Government.-Except in British Honduras--a British colony -the form of Government is republican, each of the five states being independent.

Religion.-Roman Catholic; other Churches tolerated.
Map should be drawn on blackboard.

2. The Indian Ocean, south of Asia, extends from Africa to Australasia, length 4500 miles, breadth 4500 miles. It is cleft

into two parts by India, which parts are called the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. With the former are connected the Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, Persian Gulf, Gulf of Oman, Gulf of Cutch, and Gulf of Cambay; with the latter, Gulf of Manaar and Gulf of Martaban. Its basin is very important, being the whole of India and Burmah, including the great rivers Indus, Ganges, Brahmapootra, and Irrawady, as well as the Tigris, Euphrates, and the Zambesi. It contains coral reefs and islands. Its most striking feature lies in its periodical winds, called monsoons, which are as useful as trade-winds, and have a great effect on the climate of India. They blow from east to west from November to March, but from April to October from south-west. The Indian Ocean is also exposed to tornadoes and to cyclone waves. The main current starts from the Bay of Bengal, sweeps past Ceylon and the Seychelles Islands, and between Africa and Madagascar to the Cape of Good Hope. There it is suddenly checked, and turned to the south-west.

3. The great manufactures of England are those of woven and felted materials, and metals or hardware; and of these cotton, wool, and iron are by far the most important. Next in importance are the manufacture of leather, silk, linen, glass, and earthenware. The various manufactures of beer, spirits, soap, etc., employ a great number of persons.

Cotton manufacture has its chief seat in Lancashire, Cheshire, and the neighbouring counties. Manchester is the centre.

Woollen manufacture has its chief seat in the West Riding of Yorkshire, with Leeds as centre. Broadcloths are made in Gloucester and Wilts. Carpets are made in Yorkshire, and at Kidderminster. Flannels are manufactured in Wales, chiefly in Montgomeryshire.

Silk manufacture is carried on in London, and also in Cheshire and Lancashire.

Linen is not very important, but the town of Barnsley, in the West Riding, is its chief seat.

The iron and hardware manufacture has its chief seat in the south part of Staffordshire, in Shropshire, Derbyshire, and the West Riding of York.

The leather manufacture has its chief seat in the counties of Northampton and Stafford, and in London.

Earthenware is made in the north of Stafford, in the district called the 'Potteries.'

Silk used only to be made at Spitalfields. be manufactured only at Worsted in Norfolk.

History.

Woollen used to

In defining the difference between a trade and a profession, it may be stated that the former is a handicraft occupation, and the latter an occupation depending chiefly on study and learning. The professions are acquired by long and laborious application at schools and universities, under professors specially eminent for their knowledge of certain branches of learning; while a trade may be acquired in a workshop or some technical school, under practical masters who have gained their skill by experience in a special line of business. In the case of a trade a certificate of competency is very valuable, and sometimes necessary; but to follow out a profession a diploma of a high order is absolutely required. The different kinds of trades are almost innumerable, and fall under the general term skilled labour. But professions are comparatively few on account of the time, labour, and money needed for mastering them; they are almost all comprised under these heads, the medical, legal, and clerical professions, which are sometimes called briefly the learned professions.

1. Prop. 7, Book 1.

2. Prop. 5, Book 11.

Euclid.

3. Let ADEC be a square described on the hypotenuse of the triangle ABC, having B a right angle, and join BD, BE. A Then the difference between the squares on BD, DE shall be equal to the difference between the squares on BA, BC.

Through B draw GBF parallel to AC, and meeting DA, EF produced in G and F. Then BG, BF are perpendiculars let D fall from B on the bases DA, EC produced, and therefore (by II. 12),

==

C

The square on BE = square on EC, square on CB and twice rectangle EC, CF.

=

But EC AD and AG CF, being opposite sides of parallelograms; and therefore by substitution, square on BE =square on DA, square on CB, and twice rectangle DA, AG.

=

Now square on BD square on DA, square on AB, and twice rectangle DA, AG; therefore the difference of square on BE and square on BD is equal to the difference of square on CB and square on AB.

Brit. Columbia, Newfoundland,

Australia

New S. Wales,
Victoria,

S. Australia,
W. Australia,

Queensland,

New Zealand,

S. Africa

Cape of Good Ilope, Natal,.

Mauritius,

1810.

West Coast Settlements,

Publications Reviewed.

Guide to Modern French Conversation. 224 pp. 18mo. Price 2s. 6d. By V. de Fivas, M.A., LL.D. London: Crosby Lockwood & Co. This book richly deserves the wide popularity it enjoys. Our friends who have not seen it will thank us for having drawn their attention to this model French vade-mecum, and upon examining it, will, we predict, express no surprise that it has reached its twenty-ninth edition. To the tens of thousands who cross the Channel with but a smattering of French, this handy, cheap, clearly-printed, and neatly-bound tourist's companion will prove simply invaluable. We need only add that the same practised hand which wrote the Grammaire des Grammaires has penned the text of this useful little volume.

Exercises in Algebra, with Answers. 80 pp. 8vo. 25. By R. Milburn, M.A. London: Stewart & Co.

Mr. Milburn has in this book collected eight years' (1870-78) questions in Algebra set at the Oxford and Cambridge Examinations. The questions are not printed in 'examinations,' as originally set by the examiners, the wiser plan of graduating the exercises and classifying them under their respective rules having been adopted. The absence of a page of 'contents' detracts from the utility of the book. Candidates will find excellent test-work in this collection of algebraical examples.

Mangnall's Questions. (New edition.) London: Hodder & Stoughton.

This is a new and admirably 'got up' edition of Mangnall's Questions. No teacher worthy the name, and skilled in his craft, would, however, stoop to use it. Books of this stamp reduce an otherwise interesting and ennobling study to mere dry mechanical memory-work. The paper, printing, and binding are

The title of this work, so far as the maps are concerned, is not a misnomer. If ever atlas deserved the title Royal,' this does. The embossed maps are superb, and have the additional merit of not being overcrowded with names. To form an accurate idea of their rare beauty, they must be seen. The descriptive letterpress is meagre, and we fear will injure the sale of the work. We know Mr. Bevan's space was limited, still, in describing our principal river, he could surely have said more than 'The Thames in its course of 200 miles drains the country between the Cotswold Hills and the German Ocean.' We suggest that in future editions the text be enlarged, printed in smaller type, and arranged in two columns. The value of the work as a book of reference would then be greatly enhanced. We trust that when the next prize season comes round, the Royal Relief Atlas will find its way into many schools.

Lectures on Teaching. Price 6s. By J. G. Fitch, M.A. Cambridge University Press.

As we intend in a future number to notice this book at length, we shall now simply remind our readers that Mr. Fitch's admirable Cambridge lectures have been published. It would be impossible to do the author justice within the compass of a few lines. We strongly recommend every teacher, and all interested in practical teaching, to buy this book. A manual more helpful to those just entering the profession has not, within our recollection, been issued. No young man or woman can rise from the perusal of it without feeling not only wiser in head, but better in heart.

Hughes's Girls' Model Examinations in Arithmetic. New and Revised Edition. The only Cards ever issued specially designed for Girls. In six packets for the six Standards. Price 1ş. per packet. London: Joseph Hughes. Standard I. is specially adapted for Infant Schools.