GRUS (Orn.) is the Crane, or the Ardea grus of Linnæus. GRUTUM (Med.) a hard white tubercle of the skin, resembling a millet-seed in size and appearance.

GRY'LLUS (Bot.) the Andropogon gryllus of Linnæus. GRYLLUS (Ent.) a genus of hemipterous insects, having the head inflected, and hind legs formed for leaping. It comprehends the Locust and Cricket tribe.

GRYPHIERS (Surg.) an instrument for extracting the mole out of the uterus.

GRYPHUS (Alch.) a name for the philosopher's stone. GRY POSIS (Med.) ypówσs, an incurvation of the nails. GRYPS (Myth.) yp, a fabulous creature, half

SAKTION

an eagle and half a lion, as in the annexed figure, having the body and paws of a lion, and the wings of an eagle, to express strength and swiftness combined. The poets feign that Apollo had his chariot drawn by griffins. GUABAM (Bot.) a sweet and cooling fruit which grows in the East Indies.

GUA'BI pocacu pica (Bot.) the Mimosa vaga of Linnæus. GUACA TANA (Bot.) a plant of New Spain, effectual in the hæmorrhoids.

GUAIABA'RA (Bot.) a tree of Hispaniola.

GUAIA'BO (Bot.) the Psidium pomiferum of Linnæus. GUAJA'CUM (Bot.) a genus of plants, Class 10 Decandria, Order 1 Monogynia.

Generic Character. CAL. perianth five-leaved.-COR. petals five.-STAM. filaments subulate; anthers oblong.-PIST. germ broader; style short; stigma simple.-PER. capsules two; seeds oblong.

Species. The species are trees, as the―Guajacum officinale, Officinal Guajacum, or Lignum Vitæ, native of the West Indies.-Guajacum afrum, Guilandinoides, Acacia, Schotia, Theodora, &c. Clus. Hist.; Bauh. Pin.; Raii Hist.

GUAJAVA (Bot.) the Psidium pyrierum of Linnæus. GUAICA'NA (Bot.) the same as the Diospyros. GUAJERA (Bot.) the Chrysobalanus Icaco of Linnæus. GUAN (Orn.) a bird of Guana, about two feet six inches long, the Penelope cristata of Linnæus.

GUANA (Zool.) a sort of lizard inhabiting India, and the warmer parts of America. It is the Lacerta guana et calotes of Linnæus.

GUANABA'NUS (Bot.) the same as the Annona of Linnæus. GUAO (Bot.) an Indian tree, the Comocladia dentata of Linnæus.

GUAPARAIBA (Bot.) the Mangrove-tree, the Rhizophora gymnorrhiza of Linnæus. Raii Hist. Plant. GUARANTEE (Polit.) a prince or power appointed by stipulating parties, to see that articles of agreement are performed on each side.

GUARANTEE (Law) he whom the warranter undertakes to indemnify, or secure from damage. GUARD (Law) in Latin custodia, French garde, custody, or care of defence. Sometimes it is taken for the guardianship of children, and sometimes for a writ of wardship, as droit de garde, ejectione de garde, and ravishment de garde.

F. N. B. 139.

GUARD (Mil.) the duty of guarding or defending any post or person from being surprized by an enemy. The term Guard is also taken for the soldiers who perform the office of guarding, which are distinguished into-Life, Horse, and Footguards, troops kept to guard the king's person, which are collectively called Household Troops. Yeomen of the guards, a kind of foot guards, first raised by Henry VII. in 1485, for the defence of the King's person.-Advancedguard or Van-guard, a party of either horse or foot that marches before a considerable body to give notice of any approaching danger.-Rear-guard, that part of the army which brings up the rear in a march. Rear-Guard is also

a corporal's guard, placed in the rear of a regiment to keep good order in that part of the camp.-Main-guard, that from which all other guards are detached.-Piquet guard, a given number of horse always in readiness, in case of an alarm, to begin the attack if necessary.-Provostguard, an officer's guard that attends the provost in his rounds to prevent desertion, &c.-Quarter-guard, soldiers entrusted with the guard of a post.-Grand-guard, a guard composed of three or four squadrons of horse, commanded by a field officer, posted about a mile from the camp on the right and left wings towards the enemy.-Post-guard, a guard detached from the main-guard.-Guard-room, a room where guards are stationed for a given time.-Standard-guard, a small guard under a corporal, which mounts on foot in front of each regiment.

GUARD (Fenc.) a posture proper to defend the body from the sword of the antagonist. GUA'RDANT (Her.) vide Gardant. GUARDIAN (Law) custos, one who hath the charge of any person or thing. Guardians are distinguished intoGuardians by nature, as the father or the mother.-Guar dians for nurture, one appointed by the ordinary to take care of the infant's person and property.-Guardian in socage, otherwise called guardians by the common law, the next of kin who acts in cases where the minor is entitled to lands.-Guardian by statute, or testamentary guardian, one appointed according to the statute of 12 Car. 2, c. 24.— Customary guardian, as the guardian of orphans by custom in London and other boroughs.-Guardians by election of the ward, when, from a defect in the law, a minor finds himself unprovided with a guardian.-Guardian by appointment is either of the Lord Chancellor or the Ecclesiastical Court.-Guardian of the Cinque Ports, vide Warden.Guardian of the Spiritualities, he who collects the spiritu alities of any bishopric during the vacancy of the see.Guardian of the Temporalities, the person to whose custody a vacant see or abbey was entrusted by the king, who, as steward of the goods and profits, was to give an account to the escheator, and the latter into the Exchequer. GUARE'RVA-OBA (Bot.) vide Cucumis. GUARI'RIGUIMYMİA (Bot.) the Bignonia pentaphylla of GUA'SSEM (Med.) black scorbutic spots spoken of by Avicenna.

Linnæus.

GUASTALLA'NI (Ecc.) a religious order of monks and nuns, instituted by the countess of Guastalla in the sixteenth century.

GUAVA (Bot.) the Psidium pyriferum of Linnæus. GU'DGEON (Ich.) a fresh-water-fish of the carp kind, the Cyprinus gobio of Linnæus, having a narrow-spotted body, which varies its colour with age. It is very tenacious of life, and its flesh is very white and delicious. GUDGEONS (Mar.) Rudder-irons. GUELPHIC Order (Her.) a new military order of Hanover, instituted in 1815, entitled the Royal Hanoverian Guelphic Order.

GUELPHS (Polit.) and Ghibelines, two potent factions in Italy, the former of which took part with the emperor of Germany, and the latter with the Pope. GUERITE (Fort.) a small tower of stone or wood generally upon the point of a bastion, or on the angles of the shoulder to hold a centinel.

GUE'ST-ROPE (Mar.) a rope by which the boat is kept steady while she is in tow.

GUE'STE (Com.) a long measure in the Mogul's dominions, equal to about one-fifth of the Dutch aune. GUÈ'ZE (Com.) a Persian long measure, equal to two feet and upwards.

GUIDE (Mus.) a name given to that note in a figure which leads off, and announces the subject.

GU'N-SHOT (Mil.) vide Gun.

GUN-STONE (Her.) an ancient name for the pellet. GUNTER'S CHAIN (Math.) an instrument made use of in surveying land, so called from its inventor Mr. Gunter, Geometry Professor at Gresham College.-Gunter's lines, lines of numbers employed in performing arithmetical operations. Gunter's quadrant, an instrument for finding the hour of the day, the azimuth, &c.-Gunter's scale, a large scale for resolving questions in plain sailing. GUNWALE (Mar.) or Gunnel, the upper part of a ship's sides, from the half deck to the forecastle: also, the lower part of that port where any ordnance is.

GUPPAX (Com.) a weight used in the streights of Malacca.

GU'RGES (Her.) a whirlpool, borne as a charge in coats of arms.

GURGY'PTING (Falc.) a term applied to a hawk when it is stiff and choked up.

GURNARD (Ich.) a sort of sea fish, the Trigla of Linnæus, remarkable for having articulate appendages to the ventral and pectoral fins. It feeds on crabs and testaceous animals, and its flesh is very good.

GUTTER-LEDGE (Mar.) a cross bar laid along the mid. dle of a large hatchway in some vessels to support the

covers.

GUTT'ERA (Archæol.) a gutter or water-spout. GUTTUR (Anat.) άpvy, the larynx or Aspera arteria. Ruff. Ephes. de Appell. Part. Corp. Hum. 1. 1, c. 9. GUÏTURAL LETTERS (Gram.) letters which are pronounced with the throat.

GUVE de Ronde (Fort.) the same as a single tenaille. GUY (Mar.) 1. A rope used to keep steady any weighty body. 2. A tackle for confining a boom forward. 3. A large slack rope, extending from the head of the mainmast to the head of the foremast, for the support of any tackle with which a ship is loaded or unloaded.

Guy (Com.) an Indian measure answering to the English yard. GÜ'ZES (Her.) a name for roundles when they are sanguine.

GWABR-MERCHED (Law) a British word for a fine or payment made to the lords of some manors upon the marriage of their tenants' daughters, or otherwise, on their committing incontinency. GWA'LSTOW (Archæol.) a place of execution. Leg. H. 1,

c. 11.

GWAYF (Law) goods left in the highway by felons, which were forfeited to the King or the lord of the manor. GWI'NIAD (Ich.) a sort of salmon.

GUSTATO'RIUS (Anat.) a name for the third maxillary branch of the fifth pair of nerves. GUSTAVIA (Bot.) a genus of plants, Class 16 Monadelphia, Order 8 Polyandria.

Generic Character. CAL. none.-COR. petals six.-STAM. filaments numerous; anthers small.-PIST. germ inferior; style conical; stigma blunt.-PER. berry subglobose; beans several.

Species. The single species, the Gustavia angusta, seu Japaran-diba, is a tree.

GU'STO (Mus.) Italian for taste, as con gusto, with taste. GUSTO'SO (Mus.) an Italian word, signifying with taste. GU'STUS (Med.) the organ of taste.

GUT (Mar.) the opening of a river or brook. GUTTA (Bot.) the Gambogia gutta of Linnæus. GUTTA (Med.) a drop; a mode of administering liquid medicines. Gutta was also formerly the name of the apoplexy, from the supposition that it was occasioned by a drop of blood falling from the brain upon the heart.Gutta opaca, a name for the cataract.-Gutta serena, vide Amaurosis.-Guttæ nigræ, or Black Drops, a secret preparation of opium.-Gutta rosacea, red spots upon the face and nose.

GUTTE (Archit.) the name of six small drops, resembling bells in form, below each triglyph in the architrave of the Doric order. Vitruv. 1. 4, c. 1. GUTTA'LIS (Anat.) vide Arytenoides. GUTTE'E (Her.) or Gutty, from the Latin gutta, a drop; an epithet for a field or bearing filled with drops, which alter their denomination according to the tincture they are of, as Guttée de Larmes, i. e. drops of tears when they are blue, as in the annexed figure, he beareth," sable, a turnip proper, a chief or, guttée de larmes, by the name of Dammant, of Suffolk." So, likewise,-Guttée de Poix, drops of pitch for the black drops.Guttée d'Eau, drops of water for the white.

side of the mast to the other.

GYLPUT (Archæol.) the name of a court held every three weeks in the Pathbew, a hundred of Warwickshire. GY'LT-WITE (Archæol.) a compensation or amends for trespass. LL. Edgar. Reg. Anno. 964. GYMNA'NDRA (Bot.) the Bartsia gymnandra of Linnæus. GYMNA'NTHES (Bot.) a genus of plants, Class 21 Monoecia, Order 8 Monadelphia.

Generic Character. CAL. ament compound.-COR. none. STAM. filaments naked; anthers oblong.-PIST. germ roundish; style scarcely any; stigma roundish.—PER. capsule three-valved; seeds many.

Species. The two species are shrubs, as the Gymnanthes lucida et ellipta, natives of the West Indies. GYMNA'SIARCH (Ant.) yourσiάpxns, the governor of a school or college. Cic. in Verr. 4, c. 42. GYMNA'SIUM (Ant.) yuperátor, àτò TỶ yupráce, i. e. from exercising naked; a place where wrestlers and other gamesters exercised themselves in their several feats of agility; whence it was afterwards taken for a public school where the mind was exercised after a like manner. Thucyd. 1. 5, c. 82; Cic. de Orat. 1. 2, c. 5; l. 1, c. 13, &c.; Plin. l. 7, c. 37; Plin. 1. 1, ep. 22.

GYMNASTICS (Med.) yasin, that part of physic which teaches how to preserve health by means of exercise. GYMNO'SOPHISTS (Phil) yoursai, a sect of Indian philosophers who always went naked and lived a solitary life.

GYMNOSPERME (Bot.) from yours, naked, and σxie, seed; an epithet for plants having their seeds naked, in distinction from those which have their seeds inclosed in a capsule or other vessel.

GYMNOSPERMIA (Bot.) the Verticillata of Ray, and the Labiati of Tournefort; the name of the First Order in the Class Didynamia in Linnæus' Artificial Arrangement, comprehending those plants which have four stamens, namely, two middle ones shorter than the two outer ones within a ringent flower, succeeded by four naked seeds. [vide Didynamia]

Order, having an eel-shaped body and no pectoral fin. GYMNOTUS (Ich.) a genus of fishes, of the Apodal Order,

the head and shoulders.

HA'BERJECTS (Com.) a sort of cloth of a mixed colour. HABILIMENTS of war (Mil.) all sorts of armour and warlike stores.

HABIT (Log.), a predicament denoting a certain adventitious quality, either of body or mind, facilitating the power of acting.

HA'BLE (Archæol.) a seaport town.

HACHE'E (Mil.) a punishment in the old French service, wherein an offender was compelled to carry a pack or saddle on his back to a certain distance. HA'CHEA (Archeol.) a pick-axe.

HACKERY (Mil.) an Indian two-wheeled cart drawn by bullocks.

HACKNEY (Com.) the name of any coach that is let out for hire.

HA'CUB (Bot.) another name for the Gundelia of Linnæus. HA'DBOTE (Law) a recompence or amends made for violence offered to a person in Holy Orders. HA'DDOCK (Ich.) a fish of the cod-kind, the Gadus æglefinus of Linnæus, which inhabits the Northern seas, but migrates in vast shoals to the Yorkshire coast about Christmas. It feeds on young herrings, and is eagerly hunted after by seals and other marine animals. As a food, its flesh is white and tolerably good.

HADE of Land (Archæol.) a small quantity of land. HADERUNGA (Archeol.) respect or distinction of persons. Leg. Æthel.

HA'DGONEL (Archæol.) a tax or mulct. Mon. Angl. HADRO'BOLUM (Bot.) a kind of sweet-smelling gum in Media. Plin. 1. 12, c. 9.

HECCE'ITY (Chem.) Quintessence.

HÆMACHATES (Min.) aipaxáτn, a kind of bloodcoloured agate, from a, blood, and exάr, agate. Plin. 1. 37, c. 10; Solin. c. 5.

HEMAGOGOS (Med.) from, blood, and y, to draw; a medicine which provokes the menstrual discharge. HAMALOPIA (Med.) from άιμα, blood, and οπτομαι, το see; a disease in the eyes in which all things appear of a red colour. Gal. de Comp. Med. sec. Loc. 1. 4, c. 8; Gorr. Def. Med.

HÆMALOPS (Med.) aiwáno, from a, blood, and
the face; a blood-shot eye, or a red mark in the face, &c.
Gal. cont. Lyc.; Erot. Lex. Hippocrat.; Foes. Econom.
Hippocrat.

HÆMANTHUS (Bot.) a genus of plants, Class 6 Hexandria, Order 1 Monogynia.

Generic Character. CAL. involucre six-leaved.-COR. monopetalous.-STAM. filaments six; anthers oblong.PIST. germ inferior; style simple; stigma simple.—PER. berry roundish; seed solitary.

,

Species. The species are bulbs, as the-Haemanthus coccineus, Scarlet Hemanthus, or Blood-flower.-Hamanthus puniceus, Waved-leaved Hemanthus.-Hamanthus || ciliaris, Amaryllis, Lilium, seu Bulbus Hemanthus multiflorus, Many-flower Hemanthus, or Blood-flower, &c. HÆMATEME'SIS (Med.) from a, blood, and iwiw, to vomit; a vomiting of blood.

HÆMATIA (Med.) aiμaría, a sort of garum, made of the intestines of fish.

HÆMATITES (Min.) patín, from, blood; the bloodstone, a kind of stone so called, either from its property of stopping blood or from its red colour. Pliny mentions five sorts, varying in colour and hardness. Dioscor. 1. 5, c. 144; Plin. I. 36, c. 20; Gal. de Simpl.; Oribas. Med. Collect. 1. 14, c. 57; Aet. Tetrab. 1, serm. 1; Paul. Eginet. 1.7, c. 3.

xan, a tumour; a hernia from extravasation of blood. HEMATOCHY'SIS (Med.) from a, blood, and xw, to pour out; an hæmorrhage.

HEMATODES (Med.) from pa, blood, and sides, a likeness; a name for a fleshy excrescence that has the appearance of blood.

HEMATO'LOGY (Med.) from, blood, and aóyos, a doctrine; the doctrine of the blood.

HÆMATÓMPHALOCELE (Med.) from a, blood, Qas, the navel, and x, a hernia; a species of ecchymosis, a tumour about the navel. HÆMATOPHLEBO'ESTASIS (Med.) from a, blood, pa, a vein; and scis, a station; a suppression of the impetuous current and intumescence in the blood of the veins. Gal. Excges. Hippocrat. Vocab.; Gorr. Def. Med.; Foes. Econom. Hippocrat.

HÆMATOPUS (Orn.) the Sea-Pie, or Pied Oyster-Catcher, a genus of birds, of the Order Gralla, haying the bill compressed; nostrils linear; tongue a third part as long as the bill; feet formed for running. HÆMATOPO'DESIS (Med.) from ua, blood, and dw, to leap the leaping of the blood from a wounded artery. HEMATO'SIS (Med.) vide Hæmorrhage. HEMATO'XYLUM (Bot.) a genus of plants, Class 10 Decandria, Order 1 Monogynia.

Generic Character. CAL. perianth one-leaved.-COR. petals five.-STAM. filaments ten; anthers oval.-PIST. germ oblong; style capillary; stigma funnel-shaped.-PER, legume flat; seeds few.

Species. The single species, the Hæmatoxylon campechianum, seu Lignum campechianum, Logwood, Bloodwood, Campeschewood, is a tree. HEMATURIA (Med.) from a, blood, and per, urine; the voiding of blood with urine.

HÆMOCE'RCHNUS (Med.) onepxros, from sa, blood, and xpxvos, a shrill noise; blood brought up from the fauces with a rattling noise, or that which is at the same time bloody and dry. Gal. Exeges. Hippocrat. Vocab.; Erotian. Lex. Hippocrat.; Gorr. Def. Med.; Foes. Econom. Hippocrat.

HÆMO'DIA (Med.) aipadia, from aipaliw, to stupify; a painful stupor of the teeth caused by acrid and austere substances touching them. Gal. de Loc. Affect. 1. 2, c. 6. HÆMO'PTOE (Med.) from a, blood, and Tú, to spit; a spitting of blood. Gal. de Simpl. Med. Fac. 1. 8, &c. HÆMOPTYICUS (Med.) aiporrvixis, one who spits blood. HÆMO'PTYSIS (Med.) aionTus, from a, blood, and Tw, to spit; spitting of blood, a genus of diseases in Cullen's Nosology, Class Pyrexia, Order Hæmorrhagia. HÆMORRHAGE (Med.) aipopparia, from ua, blood, and pavú, to break forth; a spontaneous and præternatural effusion of blood. Hippocrat. 1. 4, aphor. 27; Aret. de Acut. Morb. 1. 2, c. 2; Gal. Exeges. Hippocrat. Vocab.; Gorr. Def. Med.; Erotian. Lex. Hippocrat.; Cal. Aurelian, de Morb. Chron. 1. 2, c. 9; Foes. Econom. Hippocrat. HÆMORRHA'GIÆ, in Cullen's Nosology, is the name of an order of diseases in the Class Pyrexia, which is cha racterized by pyrexia, accompanied with a discharge of blood.

HÆMORRHOIDAL (Anat.) aiμóppons, an epithet for the arteries and veins of the rectum. Hippocrat. de Fract. et Gal. Comm. 2.

HÆMORRHOIDES (corruptly written Emerods) (Med.) appoids, from aua, blood, and piw, to flow; the piles, or a discharge of blood from the hæmorrhoidal veins of the anus. Hippocrat. de Hæmorr.; Cels. 1. 6, c. 18; Gal. Def. Med.; Oribas. Synop. 1. 9, c. 18; Paul. Eginet. 1.6, c. 79; Act. de Meth. Med. 1. 1, c. 20; Gorr. Def. Med.; Foes. Econom. Hippocrat.