20 Schillings.

60 Creutzers, or 15 Batzen,

Creutzer.

1 Schilling.

= 1 Batze.

= 1 Pfund.

=

or 28 Schillings...... 1 Gulden, or Florin. 14 Florin or 90 Creutzers = 1 Rix-Dollar current.

Zante, vide Ionian Isles. Zell, vide Hanover.

Accounts are kept in Florins, Creutzers, and Hellers; or in Florins and Schillings.

MO'NEYAGE (Law) a tax which was paid every three years for preserving the coinage of the realm. It supplied the place of the seignorage, which was paid to the King on every new coinage.

MONEY-WORT (Bot.) the Anagallis tenella of Linnæus, a perennial.

MONEYERS (Law) or Moniers, Monetarii, officers in the
King's mint, who make and coin the money.
MO'NGER (Mar.) a little sea vessel which fishermen use.
MONGOO'Z (Zool.) a sort of Lemur.

MO'NGREL (Zool.) a creature of a mixed breed, or one
whose sire and dam are of different kinds.
MONIE'RA (Bot.) the Gratiola Moniera of Linnæus.
MONIERS (Law) vide Moneyers.

MONILIFERA (Bot.) the Asteospermum monilifera of Lin

næus.

MONILIFORM (Nat.) an epithet for the antenna of insects which are beaded like a necklace.

MONITION (Ecc.) a warning given by ecclesiastical authority to a clerk to reform his manners upon intimation of his scandalous life.

MO'NITORY Letters (Ecc.) letters from an ecclesiastical judge upon information of scandals and abuses within the cognizance of his court.

MONK (Ecc.) in Greek moraxos, from péros, signified literally one who retired into a state of entire solitude; but it is now employed for such as retire from the general intercourse of

selvages of sails over one another, and sewing them on both sides. MONNIE'RIA (Bot.) a genus of plants, Class 17 Diadelphia, Order 1 Pentandria.

Generic Character. CAL. perianth five-parted. COR. tubular.-STAM. filaments two; anthers connate.-PIST. germ roundish; style filiform; stigma headed.—PER. none; seeds ovate.

Species. The single species, the Monnieria trifolia, is an annual, native of America.

MONOCEROS (Astron.) the Unicorn, one of the new constellations of the northern hemisphere added by Hevelius to the 48 old asterisms, containing 19 stars in his catalogue, and 31 in the British catalogue.

MONOCHORD (Mus.) μονόχορδον, from μόνος, one, and xopon, a string; an instrument anciently used in regulating sounds, which was so called, as is supposed, because it consisted of but one musical string. MO'NOCHORDO (Mus.) or Monocordo, Italian for the Monochord; a long instrument with one string, which is used in finding out the true and exact distance of each note and half note, the one from the other. MONOCHROMA (Paint.) movóxpaα, from óvos, one, and Xpua, colour; a picture of one colour, without the mixture of any other.

MONOCO'LUM (Anat.) the Intestinum rectum, as it is termed by Paracelsus.

MONOCOTYLEDONES (Bot.) an epithet for plants which have only one lobe to the seed; as Grasses, Palms, and the Liliacious tribe.

MONO'CULUS (Med.) one who has but one eye. MONOCULUS (Ent.) a genus of Insects of the Order Aptera, having legs, from four to eight, formed for swimming, and very long; body covered with a crest, or shell, divided into segments; antennæ from four to none; eyes one two approximating; feelers four in continual MO'NODON (Zool.) a genus of animals, Class Mammalia, Order Cete, having two teeth in the upper jaw, extending straight forwards, and a spiracle on the fore and upper part of the head. The only species is the Monodon mono

motion.

ceros.

MO'NODUS (Anat.) poróds, from odes, a tooth, and res, one; a person who has but one continued tooth in his head, as King Pyrrhus and the son of Prusias had. Fest. de Verb. Signif.

MO'NODY (Mus.) paráda, a funeral ditty sung by one person only.

MONOE CIA (Bot.) from ovos, one, and oixos, a house; the name of the twenty-first class in the Linnean System, comprehending the androgynous plants, or such as produce male and female flowers on the same individual, without any mixture of hermaphrodites. It contains eight orders; namely, Monandria, Diandria, Triandria, Tetrandria, Pentandria, Hexandria, Polyandria, Monadelphia, and under them the following genera: Artocarpus, Bread-Fruit; Cynomorium; Anjuria, Lemna Duckweed; Zea, Maize, or Indian Corn; Coix, Job's Tears; Carex, Sedge; Sparganium, Bur-Reed; Typha, Cat's Tail or Red-Mace; Enocaulon, Pipewort; Morus, Mulberry-Tree; Buxus, Box; Alnus, Alder; Littorella, Shore-Weed; Sagus, Sago; Cocos, Coco; Arum; Salisburia Mongko, or Maidenhair Tree: Sagittaria, Arrow Head; Myriophyllum, WaterMilfoil; Ceratophyllum, Hornwort; Polerium, Burnet; Fagus, Beech; Castanea, Chesnut; Quercus, Oak; Juglans, Walnut; Corylus, Hazel; Carpinus, Hornbeam; Betula, Birch; Platanus, Plane-Tree; Luquidambar ; Hura, Sandbox-Tree; Pinus, Pine; Fir, Larch; Cupressus, Cypress; Thuga, Arbor-Vita; Areca, Cabbage-Tree; Croton, Tallow-Tree; Ricinus, Palma Christi; Jatropha, Physic Nut; Hippomane, Manchineel-Tree; Trichosanthes, Snake Gourd; Cucumis, Cucumber, Melon; Cucurbita, Pompion, Gourd, and Water Melon; Bryonia, a Bryony. MONO'GAMY (Cus.) from pooves, one, and yes, a marriage; a single marriage, or the having but one husband or wife. MONOGRAM (Gram.) póypaμp, a cypher, or character consisting of one letter, or several interwoven together, of which ancient medals afford very many examples. MONOGRAPHIC Picture (Paint.) a picture only drawn in lines without colours.

MONOGY'NIA (Bot.) from pores, one, and yo, a woman; the name of the first order in each of the first thirteen classes in the Linnean System, comprehending such plants as have one pistil or stigma only in a flower. MONOHE'MEROUS (Med.) from μs, one, and up, a day; an epithet for diseases which last but one day, or are cured in one day.

MONOLOGUE (Poet.) from éves, alone, and ayos, discourse; a soliloquy, or scene, wherein only one actor speaks. MONOMACHON (Anat.) another name for the Intestinum Cœcum.

MONO'MIAL (Algeb.) a quantity of one name, or of one single term, in distinction from a binomial, &c. [vide Algebra]

MONOPE'GIA (Med.) a pain in the head which affects but one part.

MONOPETALUS (Bot.) monopetalous, from poros, one, and ira, a leaf; an epithet for flowers which, though they may be divided into certain segments, consist nevertheless of but one distinct petal, as the Canterbury Bell, &c. The corolla of such flowers is also called monopetalous.

MONOPHYLLUS (Bat.) μόνος, one, and φύλλον, a leaf; monophyllus, or one-leaved, an epithet for a perianth that is all in one, i. e. not separated down as far as the base, as in Datura, Primula.

MONOPHYLLUS is also the Convallaria bifolia of Linnæus. MONOPO'DIUM (Ant.) from pores, one, and TM, a foot; a table that has but one foot.

MONOPOLY (Com.) povez, from ve, alone, and wi, to sell; the engrossing of commodities so as to get the trade of any particular articles exclusively to oneself, against which offence the laws are severe. The person so doing is called a monopolist.

MONOPOLY (Law) a grant from the King to any person or persons for the sole buying, selling, working, or using of any thing.

eye.

MONO'PTERON (Archit.) rósper, from wives, alone, and , a wing; a circular building, having its roof only supported by pillars, and with but one wing. MONOPTICK (Med.) protinos, from éves, one, and orrú ai, to see; an epithet for a person who sees with only one MONOPTOTON (Gram.) a noun having but one case. Isidor. Orig. 1. 1, c. 6. MONOPYRË'NUS (Bot.) monopyrenous, from wóros, one, and up, a kernel; an epithet for fruit that has but one kernel. MONORCHIS (Anat.) from péros, one, and ox, testes; a person who has only one of the testes. MONORCHIS (Bot.) the Aphrys monophyllos of Linnæus. MONO'STICH (Poet.) six, from pores, one, and sixos, a verse; an epigram consisting of a single verse. Isidor. Orig. 1. 1, c. 38. MONOSYLLABLE (Gram.) preßer, from res, one, and us, a syllable; a word that has but one syllable. MONOSPERMALTHŒE'A (Bot.) the Waltheiria americana of Linnæus. MONOSPERMUS (Bot.) from éves, one, and σique, a seed; monospermous, or one seeded, an epithet for a plant or a berry that has but one seed. MONOSTACHYOS (Bot.) an epithet for a stem bearing a single spike.

MONOTHELITES (Ecc.) a sect of heretics in the seventh century, who held that there was but one will in Jesus Christ.

MONOTONY (Mus.) from péros, one, and révos, a tone; the having but one tone.

MONOTRIGLYPH (Archit.) monotriglyphon; the space of one triglyph between two pilasters or columns. Vitruv. 1. 4, c. 3.

MONOTRO'PA (Bot.) a genus of plants, Class 10 Decandria, Order 4 Pentagynia.

Generic Character. CAL. perianth none.-COR. petals ten. -STAM. filaments ten; anthers simple.-PIST. germ roundish; stigma blunt.-PER. capsule ovate; seeds nu

merous.

Species. The two species are the-Monotropa hypopithys, seu Orobanche, Yellow Bird's Nest.-Monotropa uniflora, seu Orobanche, &c. Bauh. Pin.; Raii Hist. MONS Veneris (Anat.) the triangular eminence immediately over the Os Pubis, that is covered with hair. MONS Veneris (Palmis.) the knob of the root of the fore finger.

MONSONIA (Bot.) a genus of plants, Class 16 Monadelphia, Order 5 Decandria.

Generic Character. CAL. perianth five-leaved.-COR. petals five.-STAM. filaments fifteen; anthers oblongPIST. germ short; style awl-shaped; stigma, five.-PER. capsule five-celled; seeds solitary.

Species. The species are perennials, as the -- Monsonia speciosa, seu Geranium, Fine-leaved Monsonia.-Monsonia lobata, Broad-leaved Monsonia.-Monsonia undulata, Undulated Monsonia, &c.

MONSOONS (Mar.) periodical winds, frequent in the Eastern and Southern Oceans, which blow half the year, or six months, one way, and the other half, or six months, on the opposite points. These are otherwise called trade winds.

MO'NSTRANS de Droit (Law) a suit in Chancery, for the subject to be restored to lands and tenements which he proves to be his right. It is carried on by petition, because the right is to be obtained from the King. Straundf. P. C. c. 21.-Monstrans de Faits ou Records, a showing of deeds or records.

MONSTRAVERUNT (Law) a writ which lies for tenants

of ancient demesne, distrained for payment of toll, or im- || position contrary to their privilege. F. N. B. 14; 4 Inst. 269; New. Nat. Brev. 32.

MO'NSTRUM (Archæol.) 1. The box in which relics are kept. Mon. tom. iii. p. 173. 2. A muster of soldiers. MONTANA (Bot.) the Rhododendron ferrugineum of Lin

næus.

MONTANISTS (Ecc.) an heretical sect founded by one Montanus, who gave out that he was the comforter promised by Christ, &c. Tertull. de Jejun.; Euseb. Hist Eccles. 1. 5, c. 3; S. Epiphan. de Hares. c. 48. 51; S. August. Hæres.; S. Hieron. epist. 54; S. Cyril. cathec. c. 16; Philastr. c. 49.

MONTEFIA'SCONE (Com.) a rich wine made at Montefiascone, a small town of Sicily.

MONTERO (Cus.) a sort of cap worn by hunters and sea

men.

MONTETH (Mech.) a scalloped bason to cool glasses in. MONTH (Chron.) in Saxon monath, Latin Mensis, from the Teutonic Mond, the moon, and the Greek, month; a space of time so called from the periodical revolution of the moon. It is distinguished into the-Astronomical Month, that which is measured by the motion of the sun or moon.-Lunar Month, which is properly the time in which the moon runs through the zodiac. This is either illuminative, or lunar periodical, and lunar synodical.-Solar Month is the time in which the sun runs through one entire sign of the zodiac.-Civil or Common Month is a space of time, consisting of a certain number of days regulated by the laws of each country. This is either solar or lunar.-Calendar Month is the civil month introduced into the present almanacks, according to which time is now computed. [vide Chronology]

MONTIA (Bot.) a genus of plants, Class 3 Triandria, || Order 3 Trigynia.

-

Generic Character. CAL. perianth two-leaved. COR. petal one.-STAM. filaments three; anthers small.-PIST. germ turbinate; styles three; stigmas simple.—PER. cap-|| sule turbinate; seeds three.

Species. The single species, the Montia fontana Alsine, seu Portulaca, Water Chickweed, is an annual. Bauh. Hist.; Bauh. Pin.; Raii Hist.

MONTINIA (Bot.) a genus of plants, Class 22 Dioecia, Order 4 Tetrandria.

Generic Character. CAL. perianth erect.—COR. petals four. STAM. filaments four; anthers none.-PIST. germ inferior; style cylindric; stigma kidney-form. -PER. capsule ovate; seeds many.

Species. The single species is a shrub, as the Montinia acris, Glaucous Montinia. MONT-PAGNEL (Mil.) an eminence chosen out of the cannon shot of a besieged place, which is chosen by persons who are curious to see an attack, or the operations of a siege.

MONTRO'SS (Gunn.) an under-gunner or assistant to a gunner, engineer, or fire worker. MOOD (Mus.) vide Mode.

MOOD (Log.) vide Mode.

MOOD (Gram.) the manner of forming a verb so as to express the different forms or manners of the action. The moods are commonly distinguished into the Indicative, Imperative, Subjunctive, Potential, and Infinitive; to which the Greeks have added an optative.-The Indicative simply affirms or denies the thing done.-The Imperative implies a command for the thing to be done.-The Sub· junctive expresses a condition on which the thing may be done.-The Potential, the possibility of doing the thing.The Infinitive, an indefinite form of the action, which is determined by something else.-The Optative implies a wish for the thing to be done.

MOO'N (Astron.) one of the secondary planets, marked (D), which is a planet to the earth, and remarkable for the irregularities of her motion, as also for her phases and other affections. [vide Astronomy, and fig. 34, 35, Plate18]-Harvest-Moon, the phenomenon of the Moon's rising an hour earlier when she is at the full, about the time of harvest, than she does in any other full moon week in the year. This happens when the moon is in the signs Pisces and Aries, the sun being in the opposite signs Virgo and Libra.

MOON (Her.) is commonly borne increscent or decrescent.
[vide Increscent, &c.]
MOO'N-CALF (Med.) a false conception. [vide Mola]
MOO'N-EYES (Vet.) a disease in the eyes of horses.
MOON-SEED (Bot.) a species of the Monispermium.
MOO'N-SEED-TREFOIL (Bot.) the Medicago arborea of
Linnæus, an annual.

MOO'N-SHAPED (Bot.) vide Lunulatus.
MOO'N-WORT (Bot.) the Osmunda lunaria of Linnæus, an
annual.
TO MOOR (Mar.) in French affourcher un vaisseau, to lay
out the anchors in the manner most convenient for the se-
cure riding of the ship. This is done in different ways, as
-To moor by the head, i. e. to secure a ship by her
anchors before without any behind. To moor across,
to lay out one of the ship's anchors on one side, or athwart
a river, and another on the other side, right against it.—
To moor along, to have an anchor in the river and a
hawser on shore. To moor water-shot, to moor quarter.
ing between the first ways.

MOO'R-COCK (Orn.) the Tetrao scoticus of Linnæus, a bird of the grouse tribe which inhabits the heaths of Scotland and the north of England.

MOO'R-HEN (Orn.) a water-fowl of the coot tribe, the Fulica chloropus of Linnæus. It flies with difficulty, but runs and swims well, builds near the water-side, and lays dusky white eggs.

MOO'RING for East, West, &c. (Mar.) observing which way and upon what point of the compass the wind or sea is most like to endanger the ship, and there lay out an anchor.Mooring a fair birth at sea, is the mooring in a place free from any annoyance.-Mooring a proviso, is having an anchor out and a hawser a-shore when the ship is moored with her head a-shore.-Mooring-block, a sort of cast-iron anchor used in some ports for riding ships.-Moorings, an assemblage of anchors, chains, bridles, &c. athwart the bottom of a river or harbour, to ride the shipping contained therein.

MOORS (Law) the bailiffs of the lord of a manor in the Isle of Man.

MOOR'S head (Chem.) a copper cap, made in the form of a head, to be set over the chimney of a reverberating furnace; also the head of a still having a pipe or nose to let the raised spirits run into the receiver. MOOSE (Zool.) an animal of the deer kind, the Cervus alces of Linnæus, which is as large as a horse, very gentle, and can go at the rate of 50 miles a day. The skin is so hard as to be almost able to resist a musket-ball: the horns are palmate, with little or no beams.

MOOT (Law) or Mote, from the Saxon mot, a meeting together; or from the French mot, a word or discourse; an exercise which consisted in arguing of cases that was formerly practised by students in law at certain times.Bailiff of the moots, the officer who chose the mootmen, or such as were to argue moot cases.

Moor (Sport.) or to blow a moot; a phrase used at the fall

of a deer.

Moor (Mech.) a piece of hard wood hooped with iron at each end, which is used in making blocks. MOO'TA canum (Archæol.) a pack of dogs.

four.-STAM. filaments numerous; anthers erect.-PIST. germ. ovate; style none; stigma headed.—PER. berry globular; seeds many.

Species. The single species is a tree, as the Morrisonia americana, seu Capparis, native of America. MORRISONII systema (Bot.) the system of arranging plants which was proposed by Morrison, the botanist. [vide Botany] MORSE (Zool.) an amphibious animal, like a sea-ox in size, but in shape like a lion, the Trichechus rosmarus of Linnæus, which mostly inhabits the sea near the Arctic Pole. It is gregarious, roars like a bull, and feeds on sea-weed, shellfish, and the like, but not on flesh. The Morse defends itself vigorously when attacked; and if wounded, will attempt to sink boats by striking its tusks into the sides. MORSELLUM (Archæol.) or morsellus terræ, a small parcel or bit of land.

MO'RSULI (Med.) a former name for those medicines which were to be chewed, as lozenges, &c.

MORSU'RA (Med.) a bite, generally applied to the bite of a mad dog, a viper, or other venomous animal. MO'RSUS Diaboli (Anat.) a name for the outer ends of the Tube Fallopiance which appear jagged and torn. MORT (Sport.) or To blow a Mort, i. e. to sound a particular air, by way of giving notice that the deer which was hunted is either taken or killed. MORTAISE (Carpent.) vide Mortise. MORTALITY, Bills of (Cust.) vide Bill. MO'RTAR (Gunn.) a thick short sort of cannon, having a very large bore, mounted on a very low strong carriage, and serving to throw bombs, carcasses, &c. Mortars are of different kinds, as-Land-Mortars, those used in sieges, and also in battles, which are mounted on beds.-Sea-Mortars, which are fixed in bomb-vessels.--Hand-Mortars, those which were fired by the hand.-Cohorn-Mortars are fixed on a board at an elevation of 45 degrees, and by their invention have superseded the necessity for hand-mortars.Firelock-Mortars are fixed at the end of a firelock. Tinker's-Mortars are fixed at the end of a staff.-Partridge-Mortars, a common mortar surrounded by thirteen other smaller mortars. The parts of a mortar are the Muzzle, Chace, Reinforce, Breech, Trunnions, Dolphins, Astragal, Fillets, Ring, Ogee, Chamber, Bore, Mouth, and Vent. [vide Cannon] MORTARIO'LUM (Anat.) the socket wherein the tooth

grows.

MORTARIUM (Archeol.) a taper, or light set in churches over the graves or shrines of the dead. MORT D'ANCESTOR (Law) a writ which lies where a man's father, brother, or uncle, dies seised of land, and a stranger abateth and entereth the land. MO'RTER (Mason.) lime and sand mixed together with hair, so as to form a cement for bricks. MORTGAGE (Law) Mortuum Vadium, from mort, dead, and gage, a pledge, so called because moritur, it dies, or is lost for ever to the person, if it be not redeemed in time; a pawn of lands, tenements, or any thing immoveable, laid or bound for money borrowed to be the creditor's for ever, if the money be not paid on the day agreed on. He who makes the mortgage is the Mortgager, and he to whom the mortgage is made is the Mortgagee. Glanvil. 1. 10, c. 6. MORTGAGE'E (Law) vide Mortgage. MORTGAGER (Law) vide Mortgage. MORTIFICATIÓN (Surg.) Gangræna and Sphacelus; the loss of natural life, heat, and sense, in a member; when in any part the natural humours, losing their proper motion, become putrid and destroy the texture of the solid part. MORTIFICATION (Chem.) the alteration of the outward form in minerals and metals.

MORTIFICATION (Law) vide Mortmain.

TO MORTIFY (Cook.) to keep meat until it is tender. MORTISE (Carpent.) the hole cut in one piece of wood to let in another, which is called the tenon. MORTITIVUS (Archaol.) dead of the rot, applied to sheep and lambs. Mon. Angl. tom. 2, 114. MO'RTLING (Archæol.) vide Morling. MO'RTMAIN (Law) a French compound word, signifying literally dead hand; it is now applied to the alienation, or making over lands or tenements, with the King's licence of Mortmain, to a corporation, or fraternity, and their suc cessors. Magna charta, c. 36; Polyd. Virg. Chron. 1. 17, 39; Eliz. c. 5; Speed. 418; 1 Inst. and 2 Inst. 75. MO'RTNE (Her.) a term applied by Columbiere to the figure of a dead lion, borne on a coat of arms. MO'RTRELL (Archæol.) a mess of milk and bread allowed formerly to poor people in hospitals. MORTUA LIUM (Ant.) the vestments and every thing else which appertains to the dead. MORTUARIUM (Law) Mortuary, anciently called Saule Sceat, i. e. pecunia sepulchralis, or Corse present, was a gift left by a man at his death to his parish church for his personal tithe and offering not duly paid in his lifetime. Leg. Canuta apud Brompton; Bract. 1.2, c. 26; Fleta, 1.2, c.57. MORTUUM CAPÚT (Chem.) vide Caput Mortuum. MO'RIANT (Zool.) a variety of the sheep, the Ovis aries of Linnæus, having a long beard, and a short mane on the neck.

MO'RUM (Med.) an excrescence on the skin resembling a mulberry-tree.

MORU'NGU, the Gulandina Morungu of Linnæus. MO'RUS (Bot.) a genus of plants, Class 21 Monoecia, Order 4 Tetrandria.

Generic Character. CAL. perianth four-leaved-Cor. none. STAM. filaments four; anthers simple.-PIST. germ cordate; styles two; stigma simple. -PER. none; seed single.

Species. The species are trees, as the Morus alba, White Mulberry-tree. Morus nigra, Common Mulberry-tree.-Morus rubra, seu Corylus, Red Mulberry

tree.

Dod. Pempt. Bauh. Hist.; Bauh. Pin.; Ger. Herb.; Park. Theat. Bot.; Raii Hist.; Tourn. Inst. MOR'YS (Archæol.) the old word for moors, or morasses. MO'RXI (Med.) a pestilential distemper common in Ma

labar.

MOSA (Med.) a sort of thick milk.

MOSAIC Work (Archit.) work inlaid with stones or glass of different colours, so as to represent flowers, fruits, and other natural objects.

MOSCEU'TON (Bot.) a rose having a stalk like a mallow. Plin. 1. 21, c. 4.

MOSCHA'RIA (Bot.) the Teucrum Iva of Linnæus. MOSCHA'TA Nux (Bot.) the Myrista moschata of Linnæus. MOSCHATEL (Bot.) the Adoxa moschatellana of Linnæus. MOSCHELÆUM (Chem.) a sort of aromatic oil in which musk is an ingredient.

MOSCHEU'TOS, the Hibiscus Moscheutos of Linnæus. MO'SCHUS (Zool.) a genus of animals, Class Mammalia, Order Pecora, having no horns; fore-teeth eight lower; tusks upper, solitary, and projecting. Species. Animals of this tribe, distinguished in English by the name of Musk, inhabit the Alpine mountains of Asia. They live solitary among the snowy peaks of rocks, are gentle and timid, but not easily tamed. They leap, run, climb, and swim expertly; their flesh is good when young; and the bag which they have on one side near the prepuce, contains an oily, friable, brown matter, which is the genuine musk that is imported into Europe under that name. The principal species is the Moschus moschiferus, which is about 24 feet long. MOSE (Zool.) vide Moose.