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to the helmet, to which it served as a covering. Mantlings, are now used like cloaks to coverthe whole atchievement. The mantle in blazon is said to be doubled, i. e. lined throughout with some one of the favours abovenamed. The common tincture, or colour of these, both for nobility and gentlemen, is gules, but the King's is cloth of gold.

Crest. The crest, or cognizance, is placed upon the most eminent parts of the helmet, but yet so as to admit the interposition of the mantle, wreath, &c. Crests were anciently worn in the field in order to distinguish the wearers from others by means of their followers, who were in the habit of wearing their leaders' crest. As appendages to the crest are the-Wreath, which serves as a support; it is composed of two colours wreathed or twisted together, as in fig. 23.-The Escroll, as in fig. 22, which was formerly in great estimation as a support to the crest.

Motto. The motto, word, or saying, consists of the word or phrase which gentlemen carry in a scroll under or above their arms; of which examples are given in the atchievements, Plate No. V. (42).

Supporters. Supporters were originally only ancient devices or badges, which by custom came to embellish armorial ensigns. They are called supporters because they hold the shield; and if they be of the figures of angels, or human beings, they are called by the French tenents. Of these there are examples in Plate No. V. (42.) Cap of dignity. The Cap of Dignity, otherwise called a Ducal Cap, is a head tire which dukes and commanders were accustomed to wear in token of excellency, as fig. 24. This cap must be of a scarlet colour, and turned up with ermine.

Crowns and Coronets. Crowns are worn only by sovereign princes, in distinction from coronets, which are worn by nobility, and are inferior to the former, both in size and richness. A comparative view of the crown, coronets, &c. worn in England, is given in fig. 25 to 35, Plate No. III. (40); and a more particular account of each may be found under its respective head.

Ensigns, civil and military. Ensigns are the insignia of knighthood, of which there are four orders belonging to Great Britain, namely, the Order of the Garter, the Order of the Bath, the Order of the Thistle, and the Order of St. Patrick.-The Order of the Garter, distinguished by the title of the most noble Order of the Garter, was instituted by Edward III.; it consists of twentysix Knights Companions, generally princes and peers, whereof the King of England is the sovereign, forming a college or corporation, and having a great and little seal. Their officers are, a prelate, chancellor, register, king at arms, and usher of the black rod. They have also a dean, 12 canons, petty canons, vergers, 26 pensioners, &c. The habit and ensigns of the order are a garter, mantle, cap, and collar. The collar is composed of pieces of gold in the fashion of garters; to this is affixed the image of St. George, called the George, which is the badge of the order, together with the motto, Honi soit, qui mal y pense. The star, which has been introduced subsequently to the other insignia, is a sort of cross irradiated with beams of silver, as fig. 1, Plate No. IV. (41).-Order of the Bath, styled the most honourable Order of the Bath, so called from a part of the ceremony of creation, was instituted or revived by Henry IV. at his coronation. By the ordinance of his present Majesty, as Prince Regent, in 1815, it was made to consist of three classes of Knights, namely, 1st, Knights Grand Crosses; 2dly, Knights Commanders; and 3dly, Knights Companions. The first Class, or Grand Crosses, wear a star of silver rays, having

in the centre a cross of eight points, &c. thereon within the circle, motto, and wreath of the order, three imperial crowns, and also a broad crimson ribbon from the right shoulder to the left side, and pendent therefrom the badge of the Order, namely, a cross of eight points, enamelled argent, edged gold, having in each of the four angles a lion passant, gardant, crowned or, and in the centre of the said cross three crowns of gold within the circle and motto of the order, surrounded by two branches of laurel issuing from an escrol azure thereon, inscribed Ich dien, as in fig. 2.-Order of the Thistle, styled the most ancient Order of the Thistle, is said to have been instituted by Achaius, King of Scotland, and therefore claims antiquity above that of the Garter. The collar of this order consists of thistles and sprigs of rue; the badge consists of a cross of St. Andrew, as in fig. 3; whence this order of knighthood has been denominated the Order of St. Andrew.-Order of St. Patrick, styled the most illustrious Order of St. Patrick, was instituted by our late Sovereign in 1783. It is the only order belonging to Ireland, and is one of the most magnificent in Europe, as in fig. 4. The foreign Orders of Knighthood will be considered under the head of Order.

Order of Precedency. The order of precedency as prescribed on all public solemnities, is as in the following table.

Table of Precedency of Men.

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Knights of the Thistle and Baths' eldest sons.
Knights' eldest sons.

Baronets' younger sons.

Esquires of the Knights of the Bath.
Esquires by creation.
Esquires by office.

Younger sons of Knights of the Garter.
Younger sons of Bannerets of both kinds.
Younger sons of Knights of the Bath.
Younger sons of Knights Batchelors.
Gentlemen.

Table of Precedency of Women.

The order of precedency among women is regulated on the same principle as that of the men.

Atchievements. The atchievement is the arms of every gentleman, according to his degree, well marshalled with the supporters, helmet, crest, &c.

The following are examples of atchievements for the different degrees, beginning with the lowest.

Atchievements, Plate No. V (42). Gentry. Fig. 1. The paternal coat of the Honourable Lieutenant-General William Tatton, quarterly, first and fourth, argent, a crescent, sable; second and third gules, a crescent of the first; another in the Fesse-point for difference countercharged, as the field. For his crest on a helmet mantled gules, doubled argent, a wreath of his colours thereon, a greyhound sejant argent, tied by the neck to a hawthorn tree, fruited proper, with a band or. Fig. 2."He beareth quartered nine coats; viz. 1. Sable, on a chevron, between three bulls' heads caboshed, a crescent, argent, for difference; by the name of Wright. 2. Argent, on a chevron, sable, three pheons, or, by the name of Bickerton. 3. Ermine, on a chief indented, azure, two ducal coronets, between them an annulet, argent, for difference; by the name of Leach. 4. Argent, on a cross engrailed, sable, five mullets of the first; by the name of Frodsham. 5. Argent, an orle between eight martlets, sable; by the name of Winnington. 6. Gules, on a chief, argent, three annulets of the first; by the name of Offerton. 7. Azure, a tyger passant, or; by the name of Lowe. 8. Vert, on a fesse, between three stags tripping, or, a trefoil slipped of the first; by the name of Robinson. 9. Gules, a chevron, between

two tuns in chief, and an anchor in base, the cable pendent, or; by the name of Shipton. On an helmet, proper, mantled, gules, doubled, argent, a wreath of his colours, whereon is placed a ducal coronet, proper, out of which proceeds a bull's head couped, sable, armed, argent." These are the arms of the Wright family of Cheshire, who are descended from Thomas Buckley, who, in the reign of Henry IV. first assumed the name of Wright.

Baronets. Fig. 3. "The field is paleways, of six pieces, argent and azure, on a bend, gules, three cinquefoils, or, in the dexter chief point the arms of Ulster for the Baronet's mark. Above, an helmet suiting the dignity of a baronet, mantled, gules, doubled, argent; and for his crest, on a torce, argent and azure, a stag in full course, escarfoned about the neck, argent, attired and unguled, or." This atchievement belonged to the right worshipful Sir Edward Stradling, of Glamorganshire, whose ancestor, Sir John, was the fifth baronet created. Archbishop of Canterbury. Fig. 4. The arms of the Archiepiscopal see of Canterbury are azure, an episcopal staff in pale, or, ensigned with a cross patee, argent, surmounted by a pall of the last, charged with four crosses, patee fitchy, sable, edged and fringed of the second.

Baron. Fig. 5. "He beareth quarterly, first and fourth, argent, a chevron, gules, between three buckles, sable; second, or, two lions passant gardant, gules; third, argent, on a bend ingrailed, gules, a leopard's head between two crescents of the field, and on a chief, azure, three catherine wheels of the last. Supporters, two unicorns, argent, their horns, manes, tuffs, and hoofs, or, each gorged with a ducal collar, party, per pale, or and gules. Crest, on a wreath of his colours, a moorcock's head couped between two wings erect, sable, his comb and wattles, proper;" the arms of Morton Lord Ducie. Viscount. Fig. 6. "He beareth quarterly, first and fourth, sable; in the first a lion rampant, argent; second and third as the lion. Supporters, on the dexter side, an antelope, ermine, his horns, mane, tuffs, and hoofs, or, and on the sinister a sea horse, argent, his mane and tip of the tail, as the dexter, each standing on a cannon, proper. Crest, on a wreath of his colours, an antelope at gaze, as the supporter, and his tail extended;" the arms of Admiral Byng Viscount Torrington. Earl. Fig. 7. "He beareth party per pale, azure and gules, three lions rampant, argent, supported on the dexter side by a leopard of the last spotted of all colours; on the sinister by a lion, as in the arms, each collared with a ducal collar, the first azure, the second gules. Crest, on a wreath of his colours, a wy. vern, vert, holding in his mouth a sinister hand, couped at the wrist of the second;" the atchievement of the Earl of Pembroke.

Duke. Fig. 8." Field, sable, three harts' heads caboshed, argent, attired, or, supported by two stags, proper, attired as the former, and each collared with a chaplet of flowers and greens. Crest, on a wreath of his colours, a serpent noozed, proper;" the atchievement of the Duke of Devonshire.

The Prince of Wales. Fig. 9. The arms of the Prince of Wales, or the heir apparent to the throne, differ from the Royal Arms in nothing else but the addition of the label, and the motto Ich dien, i. e. I serve, which was brought into use by Edward the Black Prince, who took it from John, Prince of Bohemia, whom he slew at the battle of Crescy. Before the Union, the heir apparent to the kingdom of England had for his proper and peculiar device, what was corruptly called the Prince's armes; namely, a coronet of Fleurs de lis, and crosses patee, or

beautified with three ostrich's feathers, argent, and on
an escroll the motto before mentioned.

The King. Fig. 10. The Royal ensigns, armorial, are as
follow: quarterly, first, gules, three lions passant gar-
dant, in pale, or, for the arms of England impaled with
those of Scotland, which are, or, a lion rampant within
a double tressure counterflory, gules; the second, a
rose in lieu of the arms of France, which are no longer
quartered with the Royal Arms; third, azure, an Irish|
harp, or, stringed, argent, for Ireland; fourth, Semé
party, per pale and per chevron, in the first, gules,
two lions passant gardant, or, for Brunswick; in
the second partition, or, semy of hearts, gules, and a
lion rampant, azure, armed and langued of the first, for
Lunenburgh; the base is gules, a horse current, argent.
Over these three last, on a shield of pretence, gules,
Constantine's crown, all within the garter, the chief
ensign of that most noble order. Above the whole a
helmet suitable to his Majesty's Royal dignity; upon the
same a rich mantle of cloth, doubled ermine, adorned
with an imperial crown, surmounted with a lion passant
gardant, or crowned with the like for the crest. Sup-
porters, on the dexter side, a lion rampant gardant, or,
crowned as the former; on the sinister side, a unicorn,
argent, armed, crined, and unguled, or, gorged, with
a collar of crosses patee, and fleurs de lis, a chain
thereto affixed, passing between his forelegs, and re-
flexed over his back, or; both standing on a compart-
ment, from whence issue two royal badges of his Ma-
jesty's chief dominions; namely, a Red Rose for
England, and a Thistle for Scotland; and on the com-
partment an escroll with this motto, DIEU ET MON
DROIT, which words were first used by Richard I. on
gaining a great victory over the French.'

HERBA (Bot.) the Herb is defined by Linnæus to be that
part of a vegetable which arises from the root, is termi-
nated by the fructification, and comprehends the stem,
leaves, fructification, and hybernacle.

HERBA'CEOUS (Bot.) herbaceous; an epithet for plants or
stems that perish annually down to the root.
HERBÆ (Bot.) is the name of the fourth nation or tribe
into which Linnæus divided the vegetable kingdom.
HERBAGE (Law) the liberty to feed cattle in another
man's ground.

HERBA GIUM anterius (Archæol.) the first crop of hay or

grass.

HERBAL (Bot.) the title of a book which gives an account of the names, natures, and uses of plants or herbs. HERBALIST (Bot.) one who is skilled in distinguishing the forms, virtues, and natures of all sorts of herbs. HERBA'RIUM (Bot.) a place set apart for the cultivation of herbs.

HERBA'TUM canadensium (Bot.) Sweet-scented All-Heal. HERBENGER (Archæol.) or harbinger, an officer in the king's house who goes before and allots to the noblemen, and those of the king's household, their lodging. Kitch. fol. 176.

HERBENGER is also an inn-keeper.

HERBERGA'GIUM (Archæol.) lodgings to receive guests
in the way of hospitality.
HERBERGATUS (Archæol.) an epithet for what is in an

inn.

HERBERGA'RE (Archæol.) to harbour, entertain; from
the Saxon haere berg, a house of entertainment.
HERCE (Archaeol.) signifies literally a harrow, but is taken
for a candlestick in the form of a harrow, which is set up
in churches, in which many candles are placed, at the head
of a cenotaph. Flet. 1. 2, c. 77.
HERCIA (Archæol.) vide Herce.
HERCIA'RE (Archeol.) to harrow.

HERCULES (Astron.) one of the 48 old constellations
which is in the northern hemisphere, and contains, accord-
ing to Ptolemy, 29; to Tycho, 28; and to the Britannic
Catalogue, 113 stars.

HERCULEUS morbus (Med.) vide Heracleos.
HERDELENGE (Sport.) the dressing of a roe.
HE'RDWERCH (Archæol.) labours for herdsmen, formerly
done at the will of their lord.
HEREBA'NNUM (Law) from the Saxon here, an army,
and ban, an edict; a mulct for not going armed into the
field when summoned.

HE'REBOTE (Law) from the Saxon heɲe, an army, and
bote, a messenger; the king's edict commanding his sub-
jects into the field.

HERE'DITAMENTS (Law) hæreditamenta, all such immoveable things which a man may have to him and his heirs by way of inheritance. They are either corporeal or incorporeal.-Corporeal hereditaments are such as affect the senses, as lands, houses, &c.-Incorporeal hereditaments are rights issuing out of things incorporeal, as advowsons, tithes, common-ways, &c.

HEREDITARY diseases (Med.) such diseases as children
derive from their parents in the first rudiments of the
fœtus.

HE'REFARE (Archæol.) a being engaged in warfare.
HE'REGATE (Archæol.) a tribute paid to the lord for the
carrying on a war.
HE'RÉGELD (Archæol.) a tax raised for maintaining an
HERELLUS (Ich.) a little sort of fish, perhaps the minows.
HERENACH (Archæol.) an archdeacon.
HE'REMONES (Archeol.) followers of an army. Lamb.
Leg. In. c. 15.

army.

HERE'SLITA (Archæol.) or heressa, a hired soldier that departs without licence; from the Saxon here, an army, and rlitan, to slide or slip away.

HERE'SIARCH (Ecc.) posάpxs, from aparts, heresy, and
xos, the chief of a sect of heretics, or the author of a
heresy.

HE'RETIC (Ecc.) one who is tainted with heresy.
HERETOG (Archæol.) from the Saxon heɲe, an army, and
rozen, to lead; the leader of an army.
HERETO'CHIA (Archæol.) vide Herelog
HERE'TUM (Archeol.) a court in which the guards of the
nobility used to be drawn up.

HERGRIPPA (Archæol.) pulling by the hair, from the
Saxon haer, the hair, and gnypan, to seize.
HE'RIGALDS (Archæol.) a sort of garment.
HE'RIOT (Law) from the Latin herus, a lord, signified ori-
ginally a tribute given to the lord of the manor for his
better preparation for war: it is now used for the best
beast that the tenant dies possessed of, which is due and
payable to the lord of the manor. Heriots are of two
kinds-Heriot service, which is due upon a special reserva-
tion in a grant or lease of lands, and heriot custom, which
depends upon immemorial usage and custom.
HE'RISCHILD (Law) from the Saxon here, an army, and
reylo, a shield; military service, or a knight's fee.
HE'RISCINDIUM (Law) a division of household goods.
HE'RISLIT (Law) a laying down of arms, from the Saxon
hene, an army, and rlitan, to split.

HE'RISSON (Fort.) a barrier made of beams stuck with
iron spikes to block up a passage.
HE'RISTAL (Archæol.) a castle, from the Saxon here, an
army, and reall, a station.
HE'RITABLE (Law) an epithet for what is to be inherited.
[vide Hereditaments]-Heritable and moveable rights an-
swer in the Scotch law to what is called in England real
and personal property.-Heritable bond, a bond in Scot-
land for money, joined with a conveyance of land, or he-

ritage. Heritable jurisdictions, grants of criminal jurisdic- || tion, heretofore bestowed on great families in Scotland. HERITIERA (Bot.) a genus of plants, so called from Charles L'Heritier, Class 21 Monoecia, Order 8 Monadelphia.

Generic Character. CAL. perianth one-leaved.-COR. none. -STAM. none; anthers ten.-PIST. germs five; style short; stigma club-shaped.—PER. drupe juiceless; seeds solitary.

Species. The species is a tree, as the-Heritiera littoralis, Samundara, seu Nagam, Looking-glass Plant. HERMÆ'A (Ant.) ipu, a festival observed in honour of Epps, i. e. Mercury, in different parts of Greece. Æschin. in Timarch; Paus. in Arcadic. &c.; Athen. Deipnos. 1. 14. HERMA'NNIA (Bot.) a genus of plants, so called from Paul Hermann, Class 16 Monadelphia, Order 2 Pentandria.

Generic Character. CAL. perianth one-leaved.-COR. pentapetalous-STAM. filaments five; anthers upright.Pist. germ róundish; styles filiform; stigmas simple.-PER. capsule roundish seeds many.

Species. The species are shrubs, natives of the Cape, as the-Hermannia althæifolia, seu Ketmia, Marsh Mallowleaved Hermannia-Hermannia trifurca, seu Althea,Hermannia plicata, Plaited-leaved Hermannia.-Hermannia alnifolia, Alder-leaved Hermannia, &c. &c. HERMANNIA is also the Mahernia pinnata of Linnæus. HERMAPHRODITE (Anat.) pódios from Hermes, Mercury, and Aphrodite, Venus; an epithet for an animal which has the genital parts of both sexes.

HERMAPHRODITE (Bot.) an epithet for a plant which has both the anther and the stigma.

HE'RMAS (Bot.) a genus of plants, Class 23 Polygamia, Order 1 Monoecia.

Generic Character. CAL. umbel universal.-COR, universal. -STAM. filaments five; anthers oblong.-PIST. germ inferior; styles two; stigmas obtuse.-PER. none; seeds cordate, orbicular.

Species. The species are, the-Hermas depauperata, seu Bupleurum-Hermas ciliata, seu Perfoliata, &c. &c. HERMER (Archeol.) from the Saxon her, a lord, and maene, greater; a great lord among the Saxons. HERMES (Nat.) or St. Hermes' Fire, a sort of meteor appearing in the night on the shrouds of ships. HERME'SIAS (Bot.) the Brownea rosa of Linnæus. HERMETICAL art (Chem.) a name given to chemistry, on a supposition that Hermes Trismegistus was the inventor thereof.-Hermetical philosophy, a sort of philosophy which professes to explain all the phænomena of nature from the three chemical principles, salt, sulphur, and mercury.Hermetical medicine, that system in the art of healing which is founded on hermetical philosophy.-Hermetical seal, a manner of stopping glass vessels for chemical operations, so that nothing can exhale or escape. HERMIA'NIANS (Ecc.) a branch of the Hermogenians. HERMI'NUM (Bot.) the Ophrys monorchis of Linnæus. HERMITORIUM (Ecc.) an oratory, or place of prayer, belonging to a hermitage.

HERMODACTYLUS (Bot.) another name for the Iris of Linnæus, which was employed by the ancients as a cathartic.

HERMOGE'NIANS (Ecc.) a sect of heretics so called from their leader Hermogenes, who in the second century|| broached many impious notions respecting God as the author of evil. He was opposed by Tertullian in a treatise written expressly against his doctrines. Tertull. cont. Hermog.; Baron. Annal. Ann. 170, &c. HERN (Örn.) the same as Heron; whence hern-skaw, the place where herons breed.

HERN at siege (Sport.) a phrase for a hern standing at the
water-side, and watching for prey.
HERNANDIA (Bot.) a genus of plants, Class 21 Monoecia,
Order 3 Triandria.

Generic Character. CAL. involucre.-COR. petals six.STAM. filaments three; anthers upright.-PIST. germ roundish; style filiform; stigma oblique.-PER. drupe dry; seed nut globular.

Species. The two species are trees, as the-Hernandia sonora, Whistling Hernandia.-Hernandia ovigera, Eggfruited Hernandia.

HERNE'SSUM (Archæol.) or hernesium, any sort of household furniture, ship's tackle, &c. Plac. Par. 22, Ed. 1. HERNIA (Surg.), a tumour or rupture, which is occasioned mostly by the protrusion of some viscera, as the Hernia cerebri, a rupture of the brain. Sometimes the tumour has water for its contents, when it is called a Hydrocele, and sometimes air, when it is a Pneumatocele, or flatulent hernia. When the tears stagnate in the saccus lachrymalis it is called a Hernia lachrymalis. When the testicles are filled with unnatural humours it is a Hernia humoralis. When the tumour of the testicle is hard, like a scirrhus, it is called a Sarcocele. It is moreover distinguished, as to its contents, into an enterocele, epiplocele, and entero-epiplocele, &c. when both the intestine and omentum contribute to the formation of the tumour.-As to its situation, when the hernia lies in the groin it is a bubonocele, or inguinal hernia; when in the scrotum, oscheocele, or scrotal hernia; when below Poupart's ligament, a crural or femoral hernia; when the bowels. protrude at the navel it is an exomphalos, or umbilical hernia; and when in any other promiscuous part, in the front of the abdomen, it is generally called a ventral hernia ; but when a protruded portion of the testicle or omentum adheres to the testicle after its descent into the scrotum, this is called a hernia congenita, signifying that it is, as it were, born with us, because it happens mostly either on or soon after the birth.-As to the degree, a hernia is reducible when the contents are readily put back into the abdomen; and an irreducible hernia when they cannot be put back. It is an incarcerated, or strangulated hernia, when a constriction takes place in the intestine. Cel. 1. 7, c. 18; Gal. de Tum. præt. Nat. et Def. Med.; Paul. Eginet. &c. HERNIA'RIA (Bot.) a genus of plants, Class 5 Pentandria, Order 2 Digynia.

Generic Character. CAL. perianth one-leaved.-COR. none. -STAM. filaments five; anthers simple-PIST. germ ovate; style scarce any; stigmas two.-PER. capsule small; seeds solitary.

Species. The species are mostly annuals, as the-Herniaria glabra, Smooth Rupturewort.-Herniaria hirsuta, Hairy Rupturewort; but the-Herniaria fruticosa, seu Polygonum, Shrubby Rupturewort, is a perennial. Dod. Pempt.; Bauh. Hist.; Bauh. Pin.; Ger. Herb.; Park. Theat. Bot.; Raii Hist.; Tourn. Inst.

HERNIO TOMY (Surg.) from hernia, and riure, to cut; an operation of removing the strangulated part in cases of in

carcerated hernia.

HERO'DIANS (Ecc.) a sect of Jewish heretics who took Herod for the Messiah.

HEROIC (Poet.) an epithet for a poem that sets forth the noble exploits of princes and heroes.-Heroic verse is the hexameter verse which was used by the poets in their heroic poems.

HERON (Orn.) a bird similar in kind to the crane and the stork, with which it is classed in the Linnean system under the genus Ardea. It is seven feet in height when standing, is docile, easily tamed, and very voracious, but capable of long abstinence. It feeds principally on fish and frogs, and was formerly reckoned a bird of game when heronhawking was the fashionable diversion.

HERPES (Med.) pe, from pa, to spread; a bilious pustule breaking out in different ways; it was distinguished by the ancients into ἐσθιόμενος, the corroding, and κεγχρίας, the miliary herpes. Hippocrat. Prædict.; Cels. 1. 5, c. 28; Gal. Def. Med.; Scribon. Larg. c. 14; Oribas. Synop. 1. 7, c. 33; Paul. Eginet. 1. 4, c. 20; Act. Meth. Med. 1. 2, c. 12.

HERPES is now reckoned a genus of diseases, Class Locales, Order Dialysis, in Cullen's Nosology. The four principal species are-1. Herpes carnosus, or the Dry Tetter, the most simple of all; 2. Herpes pustularis, in the form of a pustule; 3. Herpes miliaris, the Miliary Tetter, so called because it resembles millet seed; 4. Herpes exedens, the Corroding Tetter.

HERPE TIC eruptions (Med.) the same as Herpes. HERPETICA (Bot.) the Cassia alata of Linnæus. HERPETON (Med.) from p, to creep, a creeping ulcer. HERRING (Ich.) a well-known sea fish, of a green colour, varied with blue, the Clupea harengus of Linnæus, which inhabits the Northern seas, and migrates southerly in immense shoals towards the coast, for the purpose of spawning, and in its course is followed by numerous predatory fishes. It is exceedingly fertile, and well tasted, yields a great quantity of oil, and dies as soon as taken out of the water.-Herring-cob, a young herring.

HERRING-BUSS (Mar.) a vessel proper for the herring fishery.

HERRING-SILVER (Archæal.) money formerly paid to a religious house in lieu of a quantity of herrings.

HERŠE (Fort.) a lattice or portcullis made in the form of a harrow, and beset with iron spikes.

HE'RSHIP (Law) the illegally driving off cattle from the grounds of the proprietor.

HERSILION (Fort.) a plank stuck with iron spikes, which answers the same purpose as the herse. HESPERIDE (Bot.) a name for the forty-first Order in Linnæus' Fragments of a Natural Method, containing the three genera, Citrus, Styrax, Garcinia. HE'SPERIS (Bot.) a genus of plants, Class 15 Tetradynamia, Order 2 Siliquosa.

Generic Character, ĈAL. perianth four-leaved.-COR. petals oblong.-STAM. filaments six; anthers linear.-PIST. germ prismatic; style none; stigmas two-parted.—PER. silique long; seeds many. Species. The species are biennials and annuals: the following are the principal biennials-Hesperis tristis, Viola leucoium, Night-smelling Rocket.-Hesperis inodora, Unsavoury Rocket.-Hesperis lacinista, &c. The following are the principal annuals, as the-Hesperis africana, African Rocket.-Hesperis verna, seu Rapistrum, Early-flowering Rocket.-Hesperis lacera, seu Cheiranthus, &c. Clus. Hist.; Dod. Pempt.; Bauh. Hist.; Bauh. Pin.; Ger. Herb.; Park. Theat. Bot.; Raii Hist.; Tourn. Inst.

HESPERIS is also the Erysimum alliaria of Linnæus. HETEROCLITES (Gram.) a name given to such nouns as deviate in gender and declension from the ordinary forms. HETEROCŘANY (Med.) Tspoxparia, a pain in one part of the head. Aret. de Caus, et Nat. acut. Affect. 1. 1, c. 2; Gal. Def. Med.

HETERODOXY (Ecc.) irspedožía, strangeness of doctrine, particularly in matters of religion.

HETERODROMUS (Mech.) the name of a lever in which the fulcrum, or point of suspension, is placed at one end, and the power at the other.

HETEROGENEOUS (Phy.) or heterogeneal, in the Greek Toy, from repos, another, and vives, a kind; an epithet for any thing that consists of different or dissimilar kinds, in opposition to homogeneous, as-Heterogeneous bodies, those that have their parts of unequal density.-Hetero

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geneous particles, such as are of different kinds, natures, and qualities. HETEROGENEOUS light (Opt.) that which consists of parts of rays of different refrangibility, reflexibility, and colour. HETEROGENEOUS quantities (Math.) those which cannot have proportion, or be compared together, as to greater or less, as lines, surfaces, and solids in geometry. HETEROGENEOUS surds (Algeb.) such as have different radical signs, as a and 362. HETEROGENEOUS numbers (Arith.) such as consist of integers and fractions.

HETEROGENEOUS nouns (Gram.) such as have one gender in the singular and another in the plural. HETERORYTHMUS (Med.) from repos, another, and pre, rythm; an epithet applied to the pulse when it beats differently in diseases.

HETERO'SCII (Astron.) irsporniol, from rpo, another, and xi, a shadow; an epithet for such inhabitants of the earth as have their shadows falling but one way, as those who live between the Tropic and Polar Circles, whose shadows at noon in north latitude are always to the northward, and in south latitude to the southward.

HEUCHERA (Bot.) a genus of plants, Class 5 Pentandria, Order 2 Digynia.

Generic Character. CAL. perianth one-leaved.-COR. petals five.-STAM. filaments five; anthers roundish.-PIST. germ roundish; style long; stigmas blunt.—PER. capsule ovate; seeds many.

Species. The two species are perennials, as the-Heuchera americana, seu Čortusa, American Sanicla.-Heuchera dichotoma.

HE'VEA (Bot.) the Siphonia elastica of Linnæus. HE'XACHORD (Mus.) an interval, otherwise called a sixth. [vide Music]

HEXAE'DRON (Geom.) itador, a solid geometrical figure, consisting of six equal sides.

HEXAGON (Geom.) ikayaros, a geometrical figure that has six sides, and as many angles. [vide Geometry] HEXAGONUS (Bot.) hexagonal; an epithet for a stem having six angles.

HEXAĞY'NIA (Bot.) from, six, and yur, one of the Orders in the ninth and thirteenth Classes of the Linnean system, containing those plants which have six styles in the flowers. HEXAMETER (Poet.) from, six, and perfon, measure; a verse consisting of six feet, as in the poems of Homer and Virgil, throughout.

HEXANDRIA (Bot.) from , six, and g, a man, the name of the sixth Class of plants in the Linnean system, comprehending those plants which have hermaphrodite flowers with six equal stamens. It is divided into six orders, Monogynia, Digynia, Trigynia, Hexagynia, and Polygynia; under which are included the following genera-Bromelia, PineApple.-Tradescantia, Spiderwort.-Colchicum, MeadowSaffron.-Berberis, Barberry-Haemanthus, Blood-flower. -Bambusa, Bamboo.- Allium, Garlick.-Hyacinthus, Hyacinth. Convallaria, Lily of the Valley.-Hemerocallis, Day-Lily. Ornithagalum, Star of Bethlehem.-Asphodelus, Asphodel. Dracena, Dragon-Tree.-Triglochin, ArrowGrass.

HEXAPETALOIDES (Bot.) an epithet for a corolla which is so divided at the base as to have the appearance of six petals.

HEXAPE TALOUS (Bot.) an epithet for a corolla which consists of six petals. HEXAPHY'LLOUS (Bot.) an epithet for a calyx having six leaflets.

HEXAPTO'TON (Gram.) a noun declined with six cases. HEXA'STICH (Poet.) an epigram consisting of six verses. HEXA'STYLE (Archit.) kasuan, a sort of temple among the ancients, having six columns. Vitruv. 1. 3, c, 2.

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