GAMB (Her.) a name for the whole leg of a lion, or other beast, which is borne in arms, as in the annexed figure. He beareth "Gules, three lions' gambs erased, argent, by the name Gate." GAMBA (Archæol.) Gamberia, Gambria, or GAMBA'DOES (Archæol.) vide Gamba. GAMBET (Orn.) a water-fowl of the plover kind, the GAMBEYRON (Archæol.) Gambezonum, a horseman's coat used in war. Flet. 1. 1, c. 24. GAMBIST (Mus.) a performer on the Viol di Gamba. GAMBIT (Sport.) a term, in Chess, applied to that kind of game which is commenced by pushing the King's and King's-Bishop's Pawn, each two squares instead of making the one defend the other; or the Queen's and Queen'sBishop's Pawn. The Pawn first pushed is called the Gambit Pawn. GAMBO GE (Bot.) Gambogia, or Gutta gamba, a resinous juice, the produce of the tree called by Linnæus the Gambogia gutta. It is used by painters, in its concrete form, for its yellow colour; and in medicine as a drastic purge. GAME (Sport.) all sorts of birds or beasts that are objects of the chase. GAMMA (Gram.) the third letter in the Greek alphabet. GAMMARUS (Ent.) a term used by Fabricius for a division of the genus Cancer, consisting of such insects as have their antennæ pedunculate and very simple. GAMMONING the Bowsprit (Mar.) the act of binding the inner quarter of the bowsprit close down to the ship's stem. GA'MMOT (Mech.) a sort of incision knife. GA'MPHELE (Anat.) the cheek. GA'MUT (Mus.) the table or scale laid down by Guido, so called because he applied the Greek letter, gamma, to the note which he added below the proslambanos, or lowest note of the ancients. To this scale he assigned the monosyllables Ut, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La. GANDOLA (Bot.) the Basella rubra et alba of Linnæus. GANG (Mar.) a select number of a ship's crew appointed on any particular service, and commanded by an officer suitable to the occasion, as the Press-gang,-Gang-Board, a board or plank for walking out of a boat on to the shore. -Gang-Way, in French échelle, that part of a ship's side, both within and without, by which persons enter and depart: it is also a platform in ships that are deep-waisted along the upper part of the ship's side, for the convenience of walking more expeditiously fore-and-aft. It moreover signifies a narrow passage left in the hold. "To bring to the Gangway," is to punish a seaman by tying him up flogging him with a cat-o'-nine-tails. GANG-WEEK (Cus.) i. e. Going or Walking Week, the time when the bounds of the parishes are lustrated or walked over by the parish officers. and GANGAMON (Anat.) a name for the omentum. GANGIATORS (Law) in the Scotch Law, officers whose business it is to examine weights and measures. GANGITES (Bot.) A species of the Nardus of Linnæus. GANGLIA (Bot.) vide Sesamum verum. GANGLION (Med.) yayyo", a preternatural and unequal tumour just under the skin, which, on compression, recedes sideways. According to the description of the ancients, it affected many parts of the body; but Galen describes it to be a nodous induration of a nerve. Hippocrat. de Artic,; Cels, 1. 6, c. 7; Gal. Def. Med. et Com. 1. de Artic.; Aet. Tetrab. 2, serm. 3, c. 83; Paul. Æginet. 1. 4, c. 16; Act. de Meth. Med. 1. 2, c. 11; Gorr. Def. Med.; Foes: Econom. Hippocrat. another. Ganglion, among the moderns, is a moveable tumour formed on the tendons, particularly of the carpus. GANGLION (Anat.) or Plexus, a knot formed in the course of the nerves by the intermixture of several nerves one with GANGRE'NA (Surg.) yayypaiva, from yaw, to feed upon; Gangrene, an incipient mortification, so named from its eating away the flesh. Cel. 1. 5, c. 26; Gal. Comm. 4. in Hippocrat. de Artic.; Aet. Tetrab. 4, serm. 2, c. 56; Paul. Eginet. 1. 4, c. 9; Gorr. Def. Med.; Foes. Econom. Hippocrat. GA'NG-WAY (Mar.) vide Gang. GA'NIA (Bot.) a species of the Corchorus of Linnæus. GANITRUS (Bot.) a species of the Elaeocarpus. GA'NNET (Orn.) a bird of the pelican tribe, the Pelicanus bassanus of Linnæus, which inhabits Europe and America. GA'NTAN (Com.) a weight used at Bantam, in Java, equal to about three Dutch pounds. GANTLET (Mil.) Gantelet, or Gauntlet, a large kind of glove made of iron, and the fingers covered with small plates, which was formerly worn by cavaliers; whence To throw the gauntlet," signifying to give a challenge. [vide Gauntlet] GA'NTLOPE (Mil.) or Gantlet, a punishment in which the criminal, running between the ranks, receives a lash from every man; whence it is called running the gantlope, which is now almost entirely out of use. GANZAS (Com.) a money made of copper and pewter by private persons in the kingdom of Pegu. GAOL (Law) in French geole, from the Latin caveola, a little cage; a prison wherein a man is confined, either for debt, or for some breach of the laws. The term is particularly applied to county prisons.-Gaol Delivery, a commission, or patent, in nature of a letter, from the King to certain persons, authorizing them to deliver his gaol of the prisoners in it. GAPE (Orn.) the opening between the mandibles of birds. GAPE (Conch.) the opening between the two lips of an irregular coral. GĂ'RAB (Med.) an Arabic name for the disorder called agilops. GARAMA'NTITES (Min.) a kind of carbuncle. and plenty in coats of arms, as in the annexed GARB Arabum (Bot.) another name for the Weep- rows. GARBANZO (Bot.) the Cicer arietinum of Linnæus. GA'RBE-FEEDERS (Falcon.) the feathers under a hawk's beak. GARBEL (Mar.) vide Gar-board. TO GARBLE (Com.) to sift, or separate the good from the bad of any thing; also to cleanse of the dust, &c. GA'RBLERS of spices (Law) officers of the city of London, who are empowered to enter into any shop or warehouse to view and search drugs, spices, &c. GARBLES (Com.) the dust or filth separated by garbling. GA'RBLING of bow-staves (Archeol.) the sorting or culling them out, the good from the bad. GA'RBOARD (Mar.) the first plank of a ship fastened to Generic Character. CAL. perianth four-leaved. COR. GARD-MANGE'R (Archæol.) a storehouse for victuals. prey that is borne full-faced guarding, as a GARDEVISU'RE (Mil.) that part of the helmet which is the safe-guard, or defence of the face. GARDE-VIA'NT (Mil.) a wallet for a soldier to put his victuals in. TO GARDEN a hawk (Falcon.) to put her on a turf of grass to cheer her; also to give her an airing by letting her fly at large. GARDENIA (Bot.) a genus of plants, so called from Alexander Garden, Class 5 Pentandria, Order 1 Monogynia. Generic Character. CAL. perianth one-leaved. COR. one-petalled. STAM. filaments none; anthers five.PIST. germ inferior; style filiform; stigmas ovate.--PER. berry ovate; seeds many. Species. The species are shrubs, as the-Gardenia florida, seu Jasminium, Fragrant Gardenia, or Cape Jasmin. Gardenia thunbergia, Thunbergia, seu Bergkias, Starry Gardenia, native of the Cape of Good Hope.-Gardenia genipa, seu Janipha, native of Ceylon. Gardenia rothmannia, seu Rothmannia, Spotted-flowered Gardenia, native of the Cape of Good Hope, &c. GARDIAN (Law) vide Guardian. GARE (Husband.) a sort of coarse wool such as grows about the shanks of sheep. GA'RFISH (Ich.) a sort of pike, the Esox osseus of Linnæus. GARGALE (Med.) yapyaan, irritation, stimulation. GA'RGANEY (Orn.) a sort of duck inhabiting Asia, the Anas querquedula of Linnæus. GARGÁ'REON (Anat.) the cover of the windpipe. GARGARISM (Med.) yapyapipos, a liquid medicine to cleanse the throat. GA'RGATHUM (Med.) a kind of bed to which lunatics and dæmoniacs were confined. GARGET (Vet.) a distemper in cattle causing their eyes and lips to swell. GA'RGIL (Vet.) a distemper in geese. GARGILON (Sport.) the principal part of the heart of a deer. GA'RGLE (Anat.) in Latin gurgulio, French gargouille, the gullet of the throat. GARI (Com.) an inaginary specie, or nominal coin, used in many parts of the East Indies, equal to about four thousand rupees. GARIDELLA (Bot.) a genus of plants, so called from Pierre Garidel, a physician of Provence, Class 10 Decandria, Order 3 Trigynia. Generic Character. CAL. perianth five-leaved. COR. GARLAND (Her.) in French guirlande, an ornament of flowers for the head. GARLAND (Mar.) a collar of rope wound about the head of the main-mast to keep the shrouds from galling; also a kind of net hung up to the beams within the birth, which the sailors use as a locker, or cupboard. - Shot-Garland, a piece of timber nailed horizontally along the ship's side, and full of cavities to hold the round-shot. GARLIC (Bot.) a plant very similar to the onion, the Allium sativum of Linnæus.-Garlic Pear, the Cratava tapia of Linnæus. GARNESTURA (Archæol.) victuals, arms, and other implements of war necessary for the defence of a town or castle. Matth. Par. ann. 1250. GARNET (Min.) in the Spanish garnata, Italian garnato, and Low Latin granatus; a garnate-stone, a sort of carbuncle, so called from its red colour, like that of the seed of the pomegranate. In respect to hardness, it is between the sapphire and the common crystal. GARNET (Mar.) i. e. cranet, a little crane; a sort of tackle in a ship wherewith goods are hoisted in or out.-Clewgarnet, vide Clew. GARNIAMENTUM (Archeol.) any manner of garnishing or trimming of clothes, &c. GA'RNISH (Cus.) a prison fee paid to the fellow prisoners, &c. at the first entrance into a prison. TO GARNISH (Law) to warn, as "To garnish the heir," to warn the heir. Stat. 27 Eliz. c. 3. GA'RNISHED (Her.) an epithet for a charge provided with any ornament. GARNISHE'E (Law) the party in whose hands the money of another is attached. GARNISHMENT (Law) a warning given to one for his appearance for the information of the court, and explaining a cause. Stat. 27 Eliz. c. 3. GA'RON de Malaca (Bot.) the Aquilaria ovata of Linnæus. Exspirantis adhuc scombri de sanguine primo, Accipe fastosum, munera cara, garum. It was reckoned a great delicacy among the Romans, and used also medicinally in clysters. Hor. 1. 2, Sat. 8; Plin. 1. 31, c. 7; Dioscor. 1. 2, c. 34; Gal. de Fac. Alim. 1. 2, c. 22; Aet. Tetrab. 4, serm. 4, c. 121. GARO'SMUS (Bot.) the Chenopodium vulvaria of Linnæus. GAROTILLO (Med.) a name for the malignant cynanche. GA'RRE (Vet.) a disease in hogs. GA'RRISON (Mil.) a body of officers disposed in a fortified place to defend it against the attacks of an enemy.-Garrison town, a strong place in which troops are quartered for its security. GARROT (Mil.) French for the bolt of a cross-bow; also for the withers of a horse. GARSUMMUNE (Archæol.) a fine, or amerciament. GA'RTER (Her.) the half of the Bendlet. [vide Bend]Order of the Garter, vide Heraldry. - Garter King at arms, the chief of the three Kings at arms, the other two being named Clarencieux and Norroy. GARTER (Print.) more properly the collar which is around a hoop, encompassing the flat groove, or neck, in the shank of the spindle of the press. GARTERS (Orn.) coloured rings, in some birds, round the naked part of the thigh, just above the knees. GARTH (Mech.) or Fish-Garth, a dam in a river for the catching of fish. GA'RTH-MAN (Com.) the owner of a wear, or dam, in which fish are kept. GA'RUM (Ant.) vide Garon. GAS (Chem.) a term corrupted by Van Helmont from the German Geist, spirit, to denote a subtle spirit not capable of being coagulated, as Gas sulphuris, the spirit of sul phur; Gas sylvestre, the spirit arising from vegetable juices. || GASTRINUM (Chem.) Potash. GASTRITIS (Med.) from yasng, the belly; an inflamma- 1. Oxygen. GASTROCELE (Med.) from yasig, the belly and x, a hernia; a hernia of the stomach occasioned by a protrusion of that viscus through the abdominal parietes. 2. Chlorine. 3. Iodine. 4. Hydrogen. GASTROCNEMII (Anat.) yaspornia, two muscles of the 5. Azote. 6. Sulphur. 2. Compound Gases. a. Simple gases combined. 7. Hydriodic Acid. 8. Protoxide of Chlorine. 9. Protoxide of Azote. 10. Muriatic Acid. .11. Deutoxide of Azote. 12. Steam. 13. Ammonia. b. Oxygen and a solid Base. tibia, which form a great part of what is called the calf of the leg; they are so named because they constitute, as it were, yas, the belly, xns of the leg. They are serviceable in all motions of the leg. Hippocrat. de Artic.; Ruff Ephes. de Appell. Part. Corp. Hum. 1. 1, c. 16; Gal. de Muscul. Dissect. c. 32. GASTRO-CO'LICUS (Anat.) from yasig, a belly, and xãλo", the colon; an epithet for a vein that proceeds from the stomach to the colon. 14. Sulphuric Acid. 15. Sulphurous Acid. 16. Carbonic GASTRODY'NIA (Med.) from yasg, the belly, and idur, Oxide. 17. Carbonic Acid. c. Hydrogen and a solid Base. 18. Cyanogen. 19. Sulphureted Hydrogen. 20. Olefiant Gas. 21. Carbureted Hydrogen. 22. Hydroguret of Phosphorus. 23. Bihydroguret of Phosphorus. d. Fluorine, Chlorine, Cyanogen, with a Basc. 24. Fluoboric Acid. 25. Chlorocyanic Acid. 26. Hydrocyanic Acid. 27. Chlorocarbonic acid. e. Two solid Bases. 28. Sulphuret of Carbon. f. Triple or quadruple Compounds. 29. Hydriodic Ether. 30. Chloric Ether. 31. Sulphuric Ether. 32. Muriatic Ether. 33. Alcohol. 34. Oil of Turpentine. GASKET (Mar.) in French garcette, a sort of platted cord fastened to the sail-yards of a ship, and used for furling up the sail.-Bunt-Gasket, that which supports and ties up the bunt of the sail.-Quarter-Gasket, used only for large sails. Yard-arm Gasket, made fast to the yard-arm, serving to bind the sail as far as the quarter-gasket. GASTALDUS (Archæol.) a governor of the country, whose office was temporary, and who had jurisdiction over the common people. GASTER (Anat.) vase, a term used by Hippocrates to signify the whole abdomen. GASTERO'STEUS (Ich.) Stickleback; a genus of fishes of the Thoracic Order, having the head oblong; jaws armed with minute teeth; eyes moderate; body carinate on each side; dorsal fin single, with distinct spines between it and the head. Species. The principal species are as follow, namelyGasterosteus aculeatus, Three-spined Stickleback.-Gasterosteus ductor, the Pilot-Fish.-Gasterosteus saltatrix, the Skip-Jack, &c. GA'STRIC (Anat.) from yase, the belly; an epithet for any thing appertaining to the belly, as the-Gastric arteries, one of which, the right gastric, is a branch of the hepatic; and the other, the left, of the splenic.-Gastric Juice, a fluid separated by the capillary exhaling arteries of the stomach, which open upon its internal surface. It is the principal agent of digestion, and changes the aliments into a kind of uniform soft paste. The gastric juice of a human subject, when healthy, is inodorous, of a saltish taste, and limpid like water, unless it is tinged with the yellow colour of the bile that has regurgitated into the stomach. the pain; a pain in the stomach. GASTROEPIPLOI'CA. (Anat.) yasроλоina, from yusne, the belly, and iior, the omentum; the name of a vein and artery that go to the stomach and omentum. GA'STROMANCY (Ant.) yaspopartsía, a species of divination through the medium of round glasses filled with water, which reflected certain images that were supposed to contain the answers of the demon. Gyrald. Syntag. Deor. 1. 18. GA'STROMYTH (Ant.) another name for a ventriloquist. GASTRORA'PHIA (Anat.) vas pepapix, from yasie, a belly, and pap, a suture; the operation of performing a suture of the abdomen. Gal. de Mus. Dissect. c. 26; Scribon. Larg. de Comp. Med. c. 76; Oribas. Med. Collect. 1. 24, c. 24. GASTROTO'MIA (Surg.) yesperopia, from yarng, a belly, and To, cutting; a section of the abdomen, or the uterus. GATE (Fort.) a door made of strong planks and iron bars to keep out an enemy.-A private Gate is that passage by which soldiers can go out of the town unseen by the enemy.-A public Gate is that which leads by the curtain to some public road. GATES of a Dock (Mech.) a kind of thick double door hung at the entrance, and made to open and shut so as to confine and exclude the water. GATHER (Mar.) a term used in some sea phrases, as "Gather aft the jib sheet," the order to pull it tight in. "To gather way," to increase the velocity of the ship's sailing. TO GATHER Books (Print.) to take the printed sheets off the lines one by one for the purpose of making them up into books ready for the binder. GATT (Mar.) a term used on the Flemish coast for channel. GA'UDIES (Cus.) another name for the grand days at the inns of court, or the rejoicings on particular occasions in the Universities. GAUDY DAYS (Cus.) festival days observed at inns of court and colleges. GA'VEL (Law) a tribute or custom. [vide Gabel]—Gavelbread, corn-rent, or provision of bread, and corn, reserved as a rent to be paid in kind by the tenant.-Gavelcester, a measure of ale to be paid by way of rent by the stewards and bailiffs of rents belonging to the church of Canterbury. GA'VELET (Law) an ancient and special kind of cessavit used in Kent, where the custom of gavel-kind continues; hereby the tenant in gavel-kind shall forfeit his lands and tenements to the lord of whom he holds, if he withdraw from him his due rent and service. Fizt. Cess. 60; 1 Inst. 142. GAVELGELD (Archeol.) payment of tribute or toll. GAVELGI'DA (Archeol.) one that pays toll or tribute. GAVEL-KIND (Law) a tenure or custom annexed, or belonging to lands in Kent, whereby the lands of the father are equally divided at his death among all his sons; or the land of the brother among all the brethren, if he have no issue of his own. F. N. B. 198; Co. Lit. 210, &c. GAVELMAN (Law) or Gavelling-man, one who paid a reserved rent besides the customary duty. GAVELMED (Law) the duty of mowing meadow-land required by the lord of his customary tenant. GAVELOCK (Mech.) an iron bar to enter stakes into the ground. Gavelocks are also javelins, warlike engines, &c. GĂ'VELREP (Law) the duty of reaping for the lord of the manor. GA'UGE-PENNY (Law) the fee paid to the King's gauger for the gauging of wine. [vide Gauger] GAUGE Line (Mech.) a line on the common gauging-rod used for the purpose of gauging liquids. GA'UGE-POINT of solid measure (Geom.) is the diameter of a circle, whose area is equal to the solid content of the same measure. GA'UGER (Law) an officer appointed by the King to examine all tuns, pipes, hogsheads, barrels, &c. Stat. 27 Ed. 3. c. 8, &c. GAUGE TUM (Archeol.) a gauge, or the operation of gauging. GAUGING (Men.) the art or act of measuring the capacities of all kinds of vessels, and thence ascertaining the quantity of liquor they contain. GA'ULONITES (Theol.) a sect among the Jews who opposed the tribute raised by Cyrenius, in the time of Augustus. Joseph. Antiq. 1. 18, c. 1, &c. GAULTHE'RIA (Bot.) a genus of plants, so called from Gaulthier, the botanist of Canada, Class 10 Decandria,|| Order 1 Monogynia. Generic Character. CAL. perianth double. .COR. onepetalled.-STAM. filaments ten; anthers two-horned.— PIST. germ roundish; style cylindric; stigma obtuse.— PER. capsule roundish; seeds many. Species. The two species are the Gaultheria procumbens, seu Anonyma, Trailing Gaultheria, native of Canada.Gaultheria antipoda, native of New Zealand. GAUNTLET (Her.) an iron glove which covered the hand of a cavalier when armed capa-pee, as in the annexed example. "He beareth sable, a horse's head erased or, between three gauntlets argent, name Guillim." Gauntlets were always borne with the casque in processions, and mostly thrown by way of challenge instead of the glove. GAUNTLET (Mil.) vide Gantlet. GA'UNTREE (Mech.) a frame to set casks upon. GAURA (Bot.) a genus of plants, Class 8 Octandria, Order 1|| Generic Character. CAL. perianth one-leaved. COR. petals four.-STAM. filaments eight; anthers oblong.PIST. germ oblong; style filiform; stigmas four.-PER. drupe ovate; seeds oblong. Species. The single species is a biennial, namely, the Gaura biennis, a native of Virginia. GAURA is also the Combretum secundum. GAUT (Geog.) an Indian term for a passage or road from GAZA'NA (Com.) a silver coin, and one of the roupees current in the great Mogul's territories. GAZE (Her.) i e. at Gaze; a term in blazon signifying that a beast of chase, as the hart, is looking full at you. GAZE (Com.) a small copper money made and current in Persia, worth two French liards. GAZE-HOUND (Sport.) a sort of hunting dog in the North of England, so called because it uses its sight more than its nose. GAZELLE (Zool.) an Arabian antelope with tapering horns, the Antilope Gazella of Linnæus. GAZETTE (Polit.) a newspaper, particularly the official paper published by order of the government; it is derived from the Italian gazeta, an old Venetian half-penny, which was originally the price of the newspaper printed there. GA'ZONS (Fort.) sods, or pieces of fresh earth covered with grass, cut in the form of a wedge to line the parapet and the traverses of the galleries. GAZUL (Bot.) a weed growing in Egypt, of which the finest glass is made. GE (Com.) or Je, a long measure in the empire of the great pepper. GE'DER (Com.) a measure of continence used by the Indians for their grain, containing near four pounds of sixteen ounces weight of GEIR (Orn.) a vulture. GEI'SON (Anat.) yuvor, signifies properly the eaves of a house, but metaphorically the prominent part of the eyebrows. GELA'LA (Bot.) another name for the Erythrina of Lin næus. GELA'SINOS (Anat.) yıxaròs, from yάw, to laugh; an epithet for the middle fore-teeth which are shown in laughter. GELATINA (Chem.) Gelatine, a clear gummy juice; a gelly extracted from animal substances by solution in water, but not in alcohol. GELATIO (Med.) signifies literally freezing, but is applied medicinally to that rigidity of body which happens in a catalepsy, as if the patient were frozen. GELD (Law) geldum from the Teutonic geld, money, signified a tribute, but particularly a compensation for any thing, as-Were-geld, the value or price of a man slain.— -Orfgeld, the value of a beast slain.-Angeld, the single value of a thing.-Twi-geld, double value, &c. GE'LDABLE (Law) liable to pay taxes. GE'LDER-ROSE (Bot.) a well-known flowering shrub, the Vibernum rosea of Linnæus. It derives its English name from Guelderland, whence it was first imported. GE'LIBACH (Mil.) a sort of superintendant or chief of the gebegis or armourers in Turkey. GELSE'MINUM (Bot.) a name for the jasmin. GEM (Min.) a common name for every jewel, or precious stone. Gems are distinguished generally into the pellucid and the semipellucid. [vide Gemma] GEMELLES (Her.) vide Bar-Gemel. GEME'LLI (Anat.) vide Gemini. GEMINI (Anat.) from geminus, twin; a name for a pair of muscles which move the thigh outward. GEMINI (Astron.) did, the twins; a zodiacal constellation, or one of the twelve signs of the zodiac, representing Castor and Pollux, marked thus II. The stars in the sign Gemini, according to Ptolemy, are 25; to Tycho, 25; || to Hevelius, 38; and in the Britannic catalogue, 85. One star on the top of the left foot of Pollux, of the second magnitude, is called by Proclus pó. Arat. Phænom. v. 147; Eratosthen. Character.; Hygin. Astron. Poet.; Proc. de Sphær. GE'MINOUS Arteries (Anat.) a name for two small arteries passing down the joint of the knee. GE'MINUS (Bot.) double, an epithet for leaves and stipules. GEMMA (Min.) gem, a genus of Siliceous Earths, consisting of silica, and a large proportion of alumina, with sometimes a small portion of lime and oxyde of iron. The gem is remarkable for its hardness and internal lustre. Species. The principal species are as follow:-Gemma adamas, the Diamond.-Gemma rubinus, the Ruby.Gemma sapphirus, the Sapphire.-Gemma topazius, the Topaz.-Gemma hyacinthus, the Hyacinth.-Gemma aquamarina, the Beryll. - Gemma chrysoberyllus, the Chrysoberyl.-Gemma smaragdus, the Emerald.-Gemma chrysolithus, the Chrysolite.-Gemma garnatus, the Garnet.-Gemma scorlites, the shorlite. GEMMA (Bot.) vide Bud. GEMMATIO (Bot.) Gemmation, or Budding, the construction of the bud, as composed of leaves, stipules, and petioles. GEMMIPARUS (Bot.) an epithet for what produces buds. GE'MMOW-RING (Mech.) a double ring in links. GEMONIÆ (Ant.) Gemonia scale, or gradus; a place in Rome elevated by several steps, from which condemned persons are supposed to have been precipitated into the Tyber. Val. Max. 1. 6, c. 3; Plin. 1. 8, c. 40; Suet. in Tib. c. 53; Dio. 1. 58. GEMURSA (Med.) from gemo, to groan, on account of the pain which it was said to occasion in walking; the name of an excrescence between the toes. GENA (Anat.) the cheek. GENDARMERIE (Mil.) a select body of cavalry in the old French service, that took precedence of every regiment of horse, and ranked immediately after the King's household. The Gens-d'armes are still a distinct body of men, but are now particularly made to answer the purpose of a police. GENDER (Gram.) in French gendre, from the Latin genus, a kind; the distinction of nouns in regard to sex. There are three genders in Latin and Greek Nouns; namely, the masculine for the male sex, feminine for the female sex, and the neuter for things of no sex. GENEALOGY (Her.) yesuλoyia, from yives, a race, or family, and yes, a discourse; a description of the stock, lineage, or pedigree of any family or person. GENEIAS (Surg.) as, a bandage that comes under the chin. Gal. de Fasc. GENEION (Anat.) vide Antherion. GENERA (Mus.) vide Genus. GENERAL (Mil.) an officer in chief, to whom the command of troops is entrusted. There are different ranks of generals, as-Captain-General, who is the commander in chief, and answers to the maréchal of France.-Lieutenant-General, the next in dignity to the general.-MajorGeneral, next to the Lieutenant-General.-General officers, all officers above the rank of lieutenant-colonel in the line. General is also a particular beat of drum, early in the morning, to give notice to the men to be ready to march. GENERAL (Ecc.) the principal governor of a religious order. -General Synod, a council in which bishops, priests, &c. of all nations are assembled together. GENERALE (Ecc.) the single commons, or ordinary provisions of a convent. GENERALISSIMO (Mil.) the supreme general, or the commander in chief of an army. VOL. II. TO GENERATE (Mus.) the operation of that mechanical power in nature which every sound has of producing one or more general sounds. GENERATED (Math.) an epithet for any quantity produced in arithmetic by the operation of multiplication, division, extraction of the roots, &c. or in geometry, for the figures produced by the revolution of lines, &c.; thus, twenty is the product generated by four and five; and a circle is generated by the supposed revolution of a line about one of its extremities, &c. GENERATEUR (Mus.) the name first given by Rameau to the fundamental note of the chord, so called because it is the principal sound by which others are produced. GENERATING line or figure (Geom.) is that which, by its motion or revolution, produces any other figure, solid or plane. GENERATION (Math.) the formation or production of figures and quantities. [vide Generated] GENERIC character (Nat.) a term applied to the characters in plants, animals, &c. by which the genera are distinguished from each other. GENESIS (Geom.) yiros, from yiropas, to be made; the forming of any plain or solid figure by the motion of some point, line, or surface. The moving line, &c. is called the describent, and the line in which the motion is made is the dirigent. Thus, a right line moving parallel to itself is said to generate a parallelogram; and a parallelogram turned about one of its sides as an axis generates a cylinder. GENET (Man.) a particular kind of Turkish bit, the curb of which is all of one piece, and made like a large ring, above the liberty of the tongue. GENET (Zool.) an animal of the weasel kind, the Viverra genetta of Linnæus, which resembles the civet cat in its musk smell. GENETHLIA (Anat.) vevibe, a private festival observed on the day of a child's birth. Hesychius.; Meurs. Græc. Fer. apud Gronov. Thes. Antiq. Græc. tom. vii, GENEVA (Com.) from the French génièvre, juniper; a strong spirituous liquor distilled from juniper berries. GENIA'NES (Min.) a precious stone said to bring punishment to a man's enemies. Plin. l. 37, c. 10. GENICULATUS (Bot.) kneed, or, according to Withering, knee-jointed; an epithet applied to a stem, peduncle, or awn, forming a very obtuse angle at the joints. GENIOGLO'ŠSI (Ant.) a pair of muscles, with which the tongue is thrown out.-Genio-hyoideus, a muscle which pulls the os hyoides upwards and forwards, and also assists the genioglossi in thrusting the tongue out. GENIO'STOMA (Bot.) a genus of plants, Class 5 Pentandria, Order 1 Monogynia. Generic Character.CAL. perianth inferior.-COR. onepetalled. STAM. filaments five; anthers oblong.-PIST. germ ovate; style filiform; stigma blunt.-PER. capsule oblong; seeds very many. Species. The single species is the Geniostoma rupestris. GE NIPAT (Bot.) an Indian tree. GE'NIPI (Bot.) the Artemisia rupestris of Linnæus. GENI'STÀ (Bot.) σuprior, a plant recommended by Dioscorides and others for its medicinal virtues, particularly as a purgative. Dioscor. 1. 4, c. 158; Plin. 1. 24, c. 9, &e.; Gal. de Simpl. 1. 8; Oribas. Med. Collect. 1. 15; Aet. Tetrab. 1, serm. 1; Paul. Eginet. 1. 7, c. 3. GENISTA, in the Linnean system, a genus of plants, Class 17 Diadelphia, Order 4 Decandria. Generic Character. CAL. perianth one-leaved.-COR. papilionaceous.-STAM. filaments ten; anthers simple.PIST. germ oblong; style simple; stigma sharp.-PER. legume roundish; seeds solitary. Species. The species are shrubs, as the-Genista canariensis, seu Cytisus, Canary Genista, or Cytisus, native C |