G. (Ant.) vide Abbreviations.

G. (Arith.) a numeral letter formerly denoting four hundred, and with a dash over it, thus, G, forty thousand. G. (Law) vide Abbreviations.

G. (Gram.) vide Abbreviations.

G. (Her.) denotes the dexter base, or dexter base point, in the escutcheon. [vide Heraldry]

G. (Mus.) the fifth note in the natural diatonic scale, to which Guido applied the monosyllable sol.

G. is also the name for the treble cliff, or the highest of the three cliffs. [vide Cliff]-G gamut, the first G below the bass cliff.-G above the bass cliff note, the octave above G gamut.-G in alt, the octave above G.-G in altissimo, the octave above G in alt.-G double, or double G, the octave below G gamut.

G. (Med.) or the Greek letter г, among the Greek physicians was the mark for an ounce. Gal. de Compos. Med. et de Pond. et Men.

GABALIUM (Bot.) a kind of spice growing in Arabia, of which they made an ointment.

GA'BBARA (Ant.) the name given by the Egyptians to a dead body embalmed.

GA'BEL (Law) in Saxon gapel, French gabelle, an excise
in France on salt. In our ancient records it is taken also
for a rent, service, custom, &c. yielded to the king or lord,
not by contract, but arbitrarily imposed.
GA'BERDINE (Archeol.) a coarse frock.
GABIANUM (Med.) vide Petroleum rubrum.
GABINIA lex (Ant.) vide Lex.
GABINUS cinctus (Ant.) vide Cinctus.

GABIONNA'DE (Fort.) a bulwark made with gabions.
GABIONS (Fort.) baskets about four feet in dia-

meter, and five or six feet high, which, being
filled with earth, are placed upon the batteries,
&c. as in the annexed figure.

GA'BLE (Archit.) from the Saxon garel, the triangular end of a house.

GA'BLOCKS (Sport.) false spurs for fighting

cocks.

GAD (Com.) a measure of nine feet.

GAD (Mech.) a bar of iron heated in the fire to quench liquor; also a punch of iron among miners, with a wooden handle, for breaking up the ore.

GADS (Her.) such plates of steel as are borne in the arms of the Ironmongers' Company.

GA'D-FLY (Ent.) an insect, the Oestrus of Linnæus, which has a face somewhat resembling that of an ape. It is extremely troublesome to horses, and other cattle, depositing

VOL. II.

GA'DUS (Ich.) Cod-Fish; a genus of fishes of the Jugular Order.

Generic Character. Head smooth; body oblong, covered with deciduous scales; fins all covered with the common skin; ventral fins slender.

Species. The principal species are as follow, namelyGadus morhua, the Common Cod.-Gadus æglefinus, the Haddock. Gadus callarias, the Torsk.-Gadus luscus, the Bib.-Gadus barbatus, the Whiting-Pout.-Gadus merlangus, the Whiting.-Gadus carbonarius, the CoalFish. Gadus pollachius, the Pollack.-Gadus merlu ceius, the Hake.-Gadus minutus, the Poor.-Gadus molva, the Ling.-Gadus lota, the Burbot.-Gadus tricirratus, the Rockling, or Three-bearded Cod. GA'DWALL (Orn.) the name of a particular fowl of the duck species, the Anas strepera of Linnæus, GAELIC (Gram.) the language of the Highlanders, which had its immediate origin from the Celtic.

GAERTNE'RIA (Bot.) a genus of plants so called from Joseph Gærtner, M. D. F. R. S. Class 10 Decandria, Order 1 Monogynia.

Generic Character. CAL. perianth one-leaved.-COR. petals five.-STAM. filaments ten; anthers parallelopiped.PIST. germ superior; style filiform; stigma sharp.-PER. capsule woody; seeds single.

Species. The single species is a shrub, as the Gartnera racemosa, Hiptage, Banisteria, Molina, Sida pa, sau Vedal, native of the East Indies...

GAFF (Mar.) in French pic ou vergue à corne; a sort of boom used to extend the upper edge of the mizen. GA'FFLES (Mil.) the steel lever with which cross-bows

used to be bent.

GAGA'TES (Min.) another name for the agate-stone.. GAGE (Law) French for a pawn or 'plédge. Glanv. 1. 10,

c. 6.

GAGE (Mech.) or Gauge, an instrument for ascertaining measures of various kinds, as the-Gage of the air-pump, for estimating the exact degree of the rise and fall of the mercury.-Gage of the condenser, for showing the exact density of the air.-Sea Gage, for sounding the depth of the sea.-Tide Gage, for determining the height of the tides. -Wind Gage, for measuring the force of the wind. GAGE of a ship (Mar.) a name for the number of feet which a ship draws. Weather Gage, vide Weather Gage.

B

GA'GER de Deliverance (Law) to put in surety or pledges to deliver up cattle that have been distrained. F. N. B. 67 ; Kitch. 145.

GA'HNIA (Bot.) a genus of plants so called from Henry Gahn, a botanist, Class 6 Hexandria, Order 1 Monogynia. Generic Character. CAL. one-valved.-COR. glume twovalved. -STAM. filaments six; anthers linear.—PIST. germ oblong; style erect; stigmas capillary.-PER. none; seed single.

Species. The two species are, the-Gahnia procrea, native of New Zealand.-Gahnia schoenoides, native of Otaheite. GAIANITES (Ecc.) certain heretics so called, who sprung from the Eutychians.

GAIDARO THEMUM (Bot.) another name for the Stachys. GAIEMENT (Mus.) a French epithet which in musical compositions denotes that the style of performance must be lively.

GAILLARDA (Bot.) the Galardia alternifolia of Linnæus. GAIN (Build.) the levelling shoulder of the joist, or other timber.

TO GAIN the wind of a ship (Mar.) to get on the weather side, or to windward, of another ship which is also plying in the same direction.

› GA'INAGE (Archæol.) all plough-tackle and instruments of husbandry.

GAINAGE (Law) Gainagium, i. e. Plaustri Apparatus, in French gaignage, the gain or profit of tilled or planted land raised by cultivating it. It was only applied to arable land when they that had it in occupation had nothing thereof but the profit raised from it by their own labour; whence a gainer was the same as a sokeman, one who had such land in occupation.

GAINER (Law) vide Gainage.

GAINERY (Archeol.) the profits arising from tillage or husbandry.

GALACTIA (Bot.) the Clitoria galactu of Linnæus.
GALACTI'NA (Med.) milk-diet.

GALACTITES (Min.) yaλTIT, a precious stone, so called from resembling yaλa, milk, in its colour and taste. · Dioscor. l. 5, c. 150; Plin. l. 37, c. 10.

GALACTO'DES (Med.) yaλantadas, luke warm, or the warmth of yaλa, milk.

and

GALACTOPHORA (Med.) from yáλa, milk, and pipe, to bring; medicines which increase the milk. GALACTO'PHOROUS DUCTS (Anat.) from yάau, milk, pw, to bring; channels or vessels which serve to convey the milk to the breast. GALACTOPOETICA (Med.) from váha, milk, and now, to make, milkmaking; an epithet for the breasts, which are sipposed to have.the faculty of generating milk. GALACTOPOSIA (Med.) from váλa, milk, and www, to drink; a drinking of milk for the cure of disorders. GALANGA(Bo): Galangal, an aromatic plant in the East Indies..:

GALANGAL: (Bot.) vide Galanga.

GALANTHUS(Bot.) a genus of plants, Class 6 Hexandria, Order 1 Monogynia.

Generic Character. CAL. spathe oblong-COR. petals three.-STAM. filaments short; anthers oblong.-PIST. germ globular; style filiform; stigma simple.-PER. capsule oval; seeds several, globular.

Species. The species is a bulb, as the-Galanthus nivalis, seu Leucoium, Snow-drop, native of Switzerland. Clus. Hist.; Dod. Pempt.; Bauh. Hist.; Bauh. Pin. GA'LANTINE (Cook.) a particular way of dressing Veal, Chickens, &c. by taking out the bones, stuffing them with ham, &c. tying them tight, and boiling them; the Dish is then served up cold.

Order 2 Polygamia Frustrania.

Generic Character. CAL. common.-COR. compound radiate.-STAM. filaments five; anthers cylindric.-PIST. in the hermaphrodites, germ turbinate, angular; style filiform; stigmas two, spreading: in the females, germ very small; style none; stigma none.-PER. none; calyx unchanged; seeds, in the hermaphrodites, solitary; in the females, none.

Species. The species is an annual, as the Galardia alternifolia, Gaillarda, seu Calonnea. GALARICI'DES (Min.) vide Galactites. GA'LARIPS (Bot.) another name for the Allamanda of Linnæus.

GALATHE'A (Ent.) a name given by Fabricius to a division of the genus Cancer, consisting of those species which have their antennæ unequal.

GALATURÆ (Med.) mucilages of the seeds of quinces. GA'LAX (Bot.) a genus of plants, Class 5 Pentandria, Order 1 Monogynia.

Generic Character. CAL. perianth ten-leaved.-COR. Onepetalled.-STAM. filaments short; anthers roundish.PIST. germ ovate; style filiform; stigma roundish.PER. capsule ovate; seeds two.

Species. The single species is the Galax aphylla, Viticella, seu Anonymos, native of Virginia.

GALAXIA (Ant.) yaλatía, a festival among the ancients, at which they boiled ryanair, i. e. a mixture of barley, pulse, and milk. Hesychius.

GALAXIA (Anat.) yaλazia, the ways of distributing the chyle.

GALAXIA (Bot.) a genus of plants, Class 16 Monodelphia,

Order 1 Triandria.

Generic Character. CAL. spathe one-valved.-COR. one

petalled. STAM. filaments three; anthers ovate.-PIST. germ inferior; style filiform.-PER. capsule oblong; seeds

many.

Species. The two species are natives of the Cape, as the➡ Galaxia ovata, seu Ixia.-Galaxia graminea.

GALAXIAS (Min.) vide Galactites. GALAXY (Astron.) yanazia, or milky way; that long white luminous tract which seems to encompass the heavens like a swathe or girdle, and which is perceivable in a clear night, particularly when the moon does not shine. GALBANUM (Bot.) yanßaver, the juice of a ferulaceous plant growing in Syria. The best sort, which resembles frankincense, is grumous, pure, and pinguious. It is discussing, heating, and drawing. Dioscor. 1. 3, c. 97; Plin. 1. 11, c. 25; Gal. de Simpl.; Oribas. Med. Coll. 1. 12; Aet. Tetrab. 1, serin. 1; Paul. Æginet. 1. 7, c. 3. GALBANUM, in the Linnean system, is the Bubon galbanum, which is imported into England in soft, pale-coloured masses. GA'LBEUM (Ant.) a kind of bracelets worn by the Romans, as well for health as for ornament. Suet. in Gal. c. 3; Fest. de Verb. Signif.

GA'LBULA (Örn.) Jacomar, a genus of birds, of the Order Picæ, having a very long straight bill, oval nostrils, and feet climbers.

Species. This tribe of birds mostly inhabits New Guinea, the Brasils, Surinam, &c. GA'LBULUS (Nat.) an epithet for the skin, which is naturally yellow.

GALDA (Nat.) a sort of gum formerly used. GALE (Bot.) another name for the Candle-berry. GALE (Mar.) a term used by mariners for a storm or tempest, more commonly called a hard gale.-A fresh gale is something less in signification.-A top-gallant gale is a sort of wind in which a ship may carry her top-gallant sails.-Equinoctial gales are the storms observable about the time of the sun's crossing the Equator.