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GILT-HEAD (Ich.) a sort of fish, the Sparus of Linnæus, which inhabits the European seas. It feeds chiefly on shellfish, which it grinds with its strong teeth; weighs about ten pounds; and has coarse flesh.

Pin.; Ger. Herb.; Park. Theat.; Raii Hist.; Tourn. | GILLS (Ich.) openings on the side of the head, which serve Inst. as the organs of respiration to fishes. GEUM, another name for the Dryas of Linnæus. GILLS (Bot.) vide Lamella. GHE'RKIN (Cook.) or Gerkin, a sort of pickled cucumber. GHEUX (Ecc.) in French gheux, a name formerly given to the Protestants in the Low Countries, GHINIA (Bot.) a genus of plants, so called from Lucas Ghinia, Class 2 Diandria, Order 1 Monogynia. Generic Character. CAL. perianth one-leaved.-COR. Onepetalled.-STAM. filaments four; anthers with oblong cells.-PIST. germ roundish; style the length of the tube; stigma four-lobed.-PER. drupe turbinate; seed nuts angular.

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GI'DDINESS (Med.) vide Vertigo.

GIFFE (Med.) tumours behind the ears.

GIFT (Law) donum, donatio, a conveyance which passeth either lands or goods. A gift is of larger extent than a grant, being applied to things moveable and immoveable. In respect to personal property gifts are always gratuitous; grants are upon some consideration or equivalent. GIFT-ROPE (Mar.) the boat-rope which is fastened to the boat when she is swifted, for the purpose of towing her at the stern of the ship.

GIFTA aquæ (Archeol.) the stream of water belonging to a mill. Mon. Angl. tom. 3. GIGA (Mus.) Italian for a jig.

GIGALO'BIUM (Bot.) the Mimosa scandens of Linnæus. GIGMILL (Mech.) a mill for the fulling of woollen cloth. GIGO'T (Man.) the branch of a bridle after the form of a gigot, or leg, the lower part of which is round, and called in French gargouille.

GIGS (Vet.) or giggs, swellings growing on the inside of a horse's lips.

GILA'RUM (Bot.) vide Serpyllum.

GILD (Archæol.) from the Saxon gilden, to pay, signified properly a tribute or fine, but it was employed to denote a company of men united together by certain laws and orders agreed upon among themselves, so called because each paid his share towards its support.-Gild-ale, a drinking match where each paid his club or share.-Gild-merchant, a privilege by which merchants might hold pleas of lands among themselves.-Gild-rents, rents payable to the crown by any gild or fraternity.

GILDA Mercatoria (Law) mercantile meetings, assemblies, or corporate bodies.

GILEAD, Balm of (Bot.) the Amyris gileadensis of Lin

næus.

GILL (Ich.) vide Gills.

GILL (Bot.) vide Lamella.

GILL-COVER (Ich.) the bony or cartilaginous substance placed on the membrane which covers the gills. GILL-CRE EP by the Ground (Bot.) the Glicoma hederacea, or Ground-Ivy, of Linnæus.

GILLIFLOWER (Bot.) the Dianthus caryophyllus of Linnæus, a smaller kind of carnation.-Stock Gilliflower, the Cheiranthus maritimus, an annual.-Queen's Gilliflower, or Dame's Violet, the Hesperis.

GILLIFLOWER (Her.) this flower has occasionally been borne in coats of arms.

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GIMBALS (Mar.) brass rings by which a sea compass is suspended in its box.

GIMBLETTING (Mar.) the act of turning the anchor round by the stock.

GI'MMEL Ring (Mech.) or Gemmow Ring, a ring of double hoops made to play into each other, so as to join two hands together, which serves as a wedding ring, coupling the parties.

GIN (Sport.) contracted from engin, a machine which serves as a trap or snare for catching wild beasts, birds, &c.

GINA'NNIA (Bot.) a genus of plants, Class 9 Enneandria, Order 1 Monogynia.

Generic Character. CAL. perianth double.-COR. petals three.-STAM filaments nine; anthers versatile.-PIST. germ oblong; style filiform; stigma obtuse.-PER. legume long; seeds many.

Species. The single species is a shrub, as the-Ginannia guianensis, seu Paloue, native of Guiana. GINGER (Bot.) a well-known Indian root, of a hot quality, the Zingiber of Linnæus.

GINGIBRA'CHIUM (Med.) the scurvy. GINGIDIUM (Bot.) a species of Daucus. GI'NGIVE (Anat.) from gigno, to beget, because the teeth are as it were produced in them; the gums. GINGLYMUS (Anat.) yes, a sort of articulation of the bones when the head of one is received into the socket of another.

GINGO' (Bot.) vide Ginkgo.

GINKGO (Bot.) another name for the Maidenhair Tree of Japan.

GINO'RA (Bot.) a genus of plants, Class 11 Dodecandria, Order 1 Monogynia.

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GIRTH (Mech.) the circumference of any thing, as the girth of a piece of timber.

GIRTH (Man.) a leathern girdle buckled under a horse's belly. GIRTH (Print.) leather thongs belonging to the carriage of a printing press, by which it is let in and out. GISA'RME (Mil.) a halbert or battle-axe, so called from bis arma, because it wounded on both sides. TO GISE (Law) vide Agistage.

GISE KIA (Bot.) a genus of plants, Class 5 Pentandria, Order 5 Pentagynia.

Generic Character. CAL. perianth five-leaved.-COR. none. -STAM. filaments five; anthers roundish.-PIST. germ superior; style short; stigma blunt.-PER. capsules five; seeds ovate.

Species. The single species is an annual, as the Gisekia pharnacioides, seu Koelreutera, Trailing Gisekia, native of the East Indies.

GIST of action (Law) from the French gist, the cause for which the action lieth, the ground and foundation thereof, without which it is not maintainable. GITHA'GO (Bot.) the Agrostemma githago of Linnæus. GIVE (Mar.) a word employed in some sea phrases, as "Give way," an order to a boat's crew to row after having ceased for a short time. "Give way together," an order to keep rowing together. "To give chase," to pursue. GIVEN (Math.) an epithet for what is taken for granted in a problem.

GIVING out (Mus.) a term used by organists for the previous or preluding performance, by which the psalm tune about to be sung is given out to the congregation. GIULLA'RI (Mus.) singers and actors who were retained in the courts of princes and the houses of great persons in Tuscany, and other parts of Italy. GIUSTO (Mus.) Italian signifying steady, which is written before movements that are to be performed in an equal and just time.

GIZZARD (Orn.) the stomach of birds.

GLABE'LLA (Anat.) propor, the space between the eyebrows, so called on account of its smoothness or freedom from hair.

GLA'BER (Bot.) smooth; an epithet for a stem or leaf. GLABRA'RIA (Bot.) a genus of plants, Class 18 Polyadelphia, Order 3 Polyandria.

Generic Character. CAL. perianth one-leaved.-COR. petals five.-STAM. filaments thirty; anthers kidney-shaped. -PIST. germ sub-globose; style filiform; stigma simple. -PER. drupe juiceless; seeds oval.

Species. The single species is a tree, as the Glabraria tersa, seu Lignum leve, native of the East Indies. GLACIERS (Geog.) a name given to the large ice-mountains in Switzerland.

GLA'CIS (Fort.) a gentle acclivity, or an easy sloping bank, but more especially that which ranges from the parapet of the Covered-way to the level on the side of the field. GLADIATOR (Ant.) a fighter who contended in the amphitheatre and other places for the amusement of the spectators. Quintil. Declam. 302.

GLADIA'TUS (Bot.) sword-shaped; an epithet for a silique, as in Cleome Arabica, Dolichos ensiformis, &c. GLA'DIOLE (Bot.) vide Gladiolus.

GLA'DIOLO accedens (Bot.) a species of the Xyris. GLADIOLUS (Bot.) gladiole; a plant so called from the sword-like shape of its leaf. Plin. 1. 21, c. 11. GLADIOLUS, in the Linnean system, a genus of plants, Class 3 Triandria, Order 1 Monogynia.

Generic Character. CAL. a spathe.-COR. petal one.— STAM. filaments three; anthers ovate.-PIST. germ inferior; style filiform; stigmas three.-PER. capsule ovate; seeds many.

Species. The species are perennials, and natives of the

Cape, as the-Gladiolus communis, Common Corn Flag.
--Gladiolus tubiflorus, Long tubed Corn Flag.-Gla
diolus plicatus, Hairy Corn Flag. — Gladiolus tristis,
Square-stalked Corn Flag.-Gladiolus blandus, Blush-
coloured Corn Flag. Dod. Pempt.; Bauh. Hist. ;
Bauh. Pin.; Ger. Herb.; Park. Theat.; Raii Hist.;
Tourn. Inst.

GLADIOLUS is also the Feraria undula of Linnæus.
GLAIR (Nat) the white of an egg.
GLAIVE (Mil.) a weapon like a halberd.
GLAMA (Med.) ya, the sordes of the eye in a lip-
pitude.

GLAND (Anat.) glandula, an organ of the body, composed
of blood vessels, nerves, and absorbents, destined for the
secretion or alteration of some fluid. Glands, according
to their construction, are distinguished into, simple, com-
pound, conglobate, and conglomerate; according to their
fluid contents, into mucous, sebaceous, lymphatic, salival,
and lachrymal.
GLA'NDAGE (Husband.) the same as mastage, or feeding

on mast.

GLA'NDERS (Vet.) a virulent and contagious disease in horses, exhibiting itself by a mucal discharge from the nostrils.

GLANDULA (Anat.) vide Gland. GLANDULA (Bot.) a gland or glandule, an excretory or secretory duct in plants. Glands are usually situated on the leaves, petioles, peduncles, or stipules.

GLANDULO'SUS (Bot.) full of glands; an epithet for a leaf. GLANS (Anat.) Baλavos, the nut of the Penis. Ruff. Ephes. de Appell. Part. Corp. hum. 1. 1, c. 12.

GLANS (Med.) a strumous or scrophulous humour. GLARE'OLA (Orn.) Pratincole, a genus of birds, having the bill strong, short, and straight; feet four-toed; tail forked.

GLASS (Chem.) a factitious, brittle, and transparent body, produced by the action of fire on sand mixed with a fixed salt, lead, &c. It is so called from the Low Latin glastum, the name of a plant called in the Greek iratų, by the Romans vitrum, in English, Woad, which produces a dye of the colour of glass.-Glass of antimony, a vitreous sulphuretted oxide of antimony.

GLASS (Mar.) a common term for the telescope on board a vessel.-Night-glass, a telescope for viewing objects by

night.

GLASS is also an instrument for measuring time. That in common use is the Hour-glass, or Sand-glass; but there are half-hour and quarter-hour, &c. glasses, which are commonly used at sea. The term glass likewise stands for the duration of any action, as "We fought yard-arm and yard-arm three glasses," i. e. three half-hours, or an hour and a half. "To flog or sweat the glass," i. e. to turn it before the sand has quite run out, and thereby gaining a few minutes in each half hour, which makes the watch too short.

GLA'SSWORT (Bot.) the Salicornia of Linnæus. GLAUBERITE (Min.) a sort of spar found in New Castile, Spain.

GLAUBER'S salt (Chem.) sal catharticus Glauberi, the former name of a salt, now commonly called sulphate of soda, from the ingredients of which it is composed. GLA'UCI affinis (Bot.) a species of the Astragalus. GLAUCISCUS (Ich.) a fish which being eaten in broth by women breeds plenty of milk. Plin. 1. 32, c. 9. GLAUCIUM (Bot.) yλaúxov; a low herb growing in Syria, near Jerusalem. Dioscor. 1. 4, c. 100; Plin. l. 27, c. 10. GLAUCOIDES (Bot.) the Peplis portula of Linnæus. GLAUCOMA (Med.) vide Cataract. GLAUCO'PIS (Orn.) Wattle-Bird, a genus of birds having a bill incurvate; nostrils depressed, half covered with a sub

cartilaginous membrane; tongue fringed; feet walkers. This bird inhabits New Zealand.

GLAUX (Bot.) a genus of plants, Class 5 Pentandria, Order 1 Monogynia.

Generic Character.

CAL. perianth none.-COR. petal one. -STAM. filaments five; anthers roundish.-PIST. germ ovate; style filiform; stigma capitate.-PER. capsule globular; seeds five.

Species. The single species is a perennial, as the Glaux maritima, seu Alsini, Sea Milkwort, or Black Saltwort. GLAUX is also the Andrachne Telephoides of Linnæus. GLA'VEA (Archæol.) a javelin or hand-dart. GLAZIERS, Company of (Her.) was incor

porated in the reign of Elizabeth. Their armorial ensigns are, "Argent two grossing irons saltierwise between four closing nails sable, on a chief gules a lion of England." GLEBE (Chem.) a sort of sulphur used by fullers.

GLE'BE-LAND (Law) that land, meadow or pasture, which belongs to a parsonage beside the tithes. New Nai. Brev. 386; Woods. Inst. 163.

GLECHO'MA (Bot.) a genus of plants, Class 14 Didynamia,
Order 1 Gymnosperma.
Generic Character.

CAL. perianth one-leaved.-COR. onepetalled.-STAM. filaments four.-PIST. germ four-cleft; style filiform; stigma bifid.-PER. none; seeds four. Species. The single species is a perennial, namely, the Glechoma hederacea, Calamintha, Chamoclema, Chamacissus, seu Hedera, Ground Ivy.

GLECHON (Bot.) yixa, Penny-royal.

Species. The species are annuals, as the Glinus lotoides, Alsine, seu Portulaca, Hairy Glinus, native of the South of Europe, &c.

GLINUS is also the Aizoon glinus of Linnæus.

GLI'RES (Zool.) an order of animals under the Class Mammalia, having two foreteeth in each jaw, and no tusks. [vide Animal Kingdom]

GLI'SCERE (Med.) to increase gradually; a term applied by physical writers to the natural heat and increase of spirits; as also to the exacerbation of fevers which return periodically. GLISCHRO'COLOS (Med.) λxpóxoños; an epithet for medicines that are viscid, and at the same time bilious. GLISOMA'RGO (Min.) white chalk.

GLIST (Min.) an English name for the Mica, an argillaceous earth.

GLO'BBA (Bot.) a genus of plants, Class 2 Diandria, Order 1 Monogynia.

Generic Character. CAL. perianth_superior.-COR. cylindric.-STAM. filaments two; anthers fastened to the filaments.-PIST. germ inferior; style bristle-shaped; stigma sharp.-PER. capsule roundish; seeds many.

Species. The species are, the-Globba marantina, native

of the East Indies.-Globba japonica, native of Japan, &c. GLOBE (Astron.) a round solid body which is made to represent the earth or the heavens; when the former, it is called the terrestrial; when the latter, the celestial globe. [vide Astronomy]

GLOBE-A'MARINTH (Bot.) the Gomphrena of Linnæus. -Globe Flower, the Trollius, a perennial.-Globe Thistle, the Echinops.

GLECHONITES (Med.) yanxovirus; an epithet for wine im- GLOBO'SUS (Bot.) globular, spherical; an epithet for a

pregnated with penny-royal. Dioscor. 1. 5.

· GĽEČO'MA (Bot.) another name for the Glechoma.

GLEDE (Archæol.) a hot ember.

GLEDITSIA (Bot.) a genus of plants so called from Gottlieb Gleditsh, of Leipsic, Class 23 Polygamia, Order 2 Dioecia.

Generic Character. CAL. perianth proper.-COR. petals three.-STAM. filaments six; anthers twin.-PIST. germ broad; style short; stigma thick.-PER. legume large; seeds solitary.

Species. The single species is a tree, as the Gleditsia triacanthos, Three-horned Acacia, native of America. GLEE (Mus.) a vocal composition of three or more parts, and generally consisting of more than one movement. It was originally used for convivial purposes. GLEEK (Mus.) a Scottish term for a musician. GLEET (Med.) a purulent matter issuing from an ulcer; a venereal discharge.

GLENE (Anat.) yan, the cavity or socket of the eye; also the socket or hollow of a bone that receives another. Ruff

Ephes. de Appell. Part. Corp. hum. 1. 1, c. 5. GLENOIDES (Anat.) a name for two cavities in the lower part of the vertebræ of the neck. ́GLEUCI'NUM (Med.) an ointment in which must was an ingredient.

GLEUCOS (Nat.) the unfermented juice of the grape. : GLE'UXIS (Med.) yas, wine having a considerable quantity of sapa or defrutum mixed with it.

GLIDING (Her.) an epithet for serpents, snakes, or adders when moving forwards fess-wise. GLI'MMERCHAFER (Ent.) another name for the Glow

worm.

GLI'NUS (Bot.) a genus of plants, Class 11 Dodecandria, Order 5 Pentagynia.

Generic Character. CAL. perianth five-leaved.-COR, none. -STAM. filaments fifteen; anthers erect.-PIST. germ superior; styles five; stigma simple.-PER. capsule ovate; seeds many.

VOL. II.

root, a corolla, a head, a germ, and also for seeds. GLOBULAR (Bot.) vide Globosus.

GLOBULARIA (Bot.) a genus of plants, Class 4 Tetrandria, Order 1 Monogynia.

Generic Character. CAL. perianth common.-COR. universal.-STAM. filaments four; anthers distinct.-PIST. germ ovate; style simple; stigma obtuse.-PER. none; seed solitary; receptacle common.

Species. The species are perennials, as the-Globularia longifolia, seu Alypum, Long-leaved Globularia, native of Madeira.-Globularia alypum, seu Thymelea, Threetooth-leaved Globularia, native of the South of Europe. -Globularia vulgaris, seu Aphyllantes, Common Globularia, or Blue Daisy.-Globularia cordifolia, seu Bellis, Wedge-leaved Globularia, native of Switzerland. J. Bauh. Hist.; C. Bauh. Pin.; Ger. Herb.; Park. Theat. Bot.; Raii Hist.; Tourn. Inst.

GLOBULARIA is also the Protea argentea.
GLOBULES (Nat.) or globulets, little globes or round bo-
GLOBULUS Nasi (Anat.) the lower gristly part of the
dies which are particularly observable in fluids.

nose.

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GLO'CHIS (Bot.) the point of the pubes of plants. GLOMERATE (Anat.) an epithet for a gland formed of a conglomeration of sanguineous vessels, having no cavity, but furnished with an excretory duct, as the lachrymal and mammary glands.

GLOMERA'TUŠ (Bot.) from glomus, a clue of yarn or thread; an epithet that signifies growing together in a globular form, in application to the spike and pannicle; spica glomerata, a spike having the spikelets variously heaped together; panicula glomerata, a glomerate panicle having the flowers heaped pretty close together, as in Poa ciliaris, Dactylis glomerata, &c.

GLORIA PATRI (Ecc.) a formulary in the liturgy, called also the doxology.

D

GLORIO'SA (Bot.) a genus of plants, Class 6 Hexandria, || GLOW-WORM (Ent.) a well-known insect that shines in Order 1 Monogynia.

Generic Character. CAL. none.-COR. petals six.-STAM. filaments six; anthers incumbent.-PIST. germ globular; style filiform; stigma obtuse.-PER. capsule oval; seeds several.

Species. The two species are perennials, as the-Gloriosa superba, Methonica, Lilium, seu Mendoni, Superb Lily, native of the East Indies.-Gloriosa simplex. Tourn. Inst. GLORY (Paint.) a Nimbus; those beams of light commonly drawn round the head of our Saviour, or of Saints, &c. GLOSS (Lit.) a comment or exposition. GLOSSA'GRA (Med.) from yarra, the tongue, and “ype, a seizure; a rheumatic pain in the head. GLOSSARY (Lit.) from gloser, to comment; a small dictionary, or a vocabulary, that serves to explain the obscure or antiquated words of a particular work of a whole language.

GLO'SSO (Anat.) from yarra, the tongue; a word which is used in composition for muscles, nerves, or vessels, belonging to the tongue, as the Glosso-pharyngeus, the constrictor pharingeus superior, &c. Glosso-pharyngeal nerves, the ninth pair of nerves.

GLOSSOCATOCHOS (Surg.) γλωσσοκάτοχος, from γλώσσα, the tongue, and xarxa, to hold down; an instrument for depressing the tongue. Paul. Æginet. 1. 6, c. 30. GLO'SSOCELE (Med.) from yλarra, the tongue, and xúλŋ, a tumour; an extrusion of the tongue. GLOSSO'COMA (Med.) a retraction of the tongue. GLOSSO'COMON (Surg.) y200σóxopov, an instrument for containing a fractured leg. Orib. de Machin. 1. 7. GLOSSOGRAPHY (Lit.) the art of writing comments. GLOSSOMA (Bot.) a genus of plants, Class 4 Tetrandria, Order 1 Monogynia.

Generic Character. CAL. perianth one-leaved.-COR. petals four.-STAM. filaments four; anthers oblong.-PIST. germ inferior; style filiform; stigmas four.-PER. drupeshaped; seed single.

Species. The single species is a shrub, as the Glossoma guianensis, seu Votomita, native of Guiana. GLOSSOPETALUM (Bot.) a genus of plants, Class 5 Pentandria, Order 5 Pentagynia.

Generic Character. CAL. perianth one-leaved.-COR. petals five.-STAM. filaments five; anthers roundish.PIST. germ roundish; style none; stigmas five.—PER. berry roundish; seeds five.

Species. The two species are trees, as the-Glossopetalum glabrum, seu Coupia, and Glossopetalum hirsutum, natives

of Guiana.

GLOSSOPETRA (Min.) a precious stone, like a man's tongue. Plin. l. 37, c. 10; Solin. c. 37; Isidor. Orig. 1. 16, c. 14.

GLOSSOPHARYNGEI (Anat.) vide Glosso.
GLOTTA (Anat.) the tongue.

GLOTTIS (Anat.) Yarris, the chink in the larynx through
which the air passes into the arteria aspera.
GLOTTIS (Mus.) an additional and moveable part of the
ancient flute, which they placed between their lips in
performance, and which is supposed to have been similar
to our reed.

GLOVE SILVER (Archæol.) money given to servants to buy themselves gloves.

GLOVERS, Company of (Her.) were incorpo

rated in the reign of Charles I. They bear party per fess, sable and argent, a pale counter-charged, on every piece of the first a ram saliant of the second.

GLOVERS'-STITCH (Surg.) a term used to

denote the sewing the lips of a wound, after the manner of a glove.

the dark, the Lampyris noctiluca of Linnæus. The female is larger than the male, and emits a beautiful phosphoric light, for the purpose (as is supposed) of attracting him.

GLOXINIA (Bot.) a genus of plants, Class 14 Didynamia, Order 2 Angiospermia.

Generic Character. CAL. perianth superior.-COR. monopetalous.-STAM. filaments four; anthers ovate.-PIST. germ oyate; style filiform; stigma capitate.-PER. capsule one-celled; seeds numerous.

Species. The single species is a perennial, as the Gloxinia maculata, seu Martynia, Spotted Gloxinia, native of South America.

GLUCINE (Min.) a newly discovered earth, which is procured by reducing the beryl or emerald to a powder, and fusing it with three times its weight of potash.

GLUE (Chem.) an animal substance. [vide Gluten] GLUMA (Bot.) from yλupw, to scrape, and glubo, to peel off the skin or bark; the husk or chaff of corn and grasses which encloses the seed. Varr. de Re Rust. 1. 1, c. 118. GLUMA, the Glume is now defined to be the calyx or corolla of corn and grasses, which is composed of valves, and embraces the seed. It is distinguished according to the number of valves, into colorata, coloured, or of any other colour than green; glabra, smooth; hispida, rough,

with hairs.

GLUMO'SUS (Bot.) an epithet for a flower: flos glumosus is a kind of aggregate flower, having a filiform receptacle with a common glume at the base, as in Corn, Grasses, Scirpus, Cyperus, &c.

GLUTA (Bot.) a genus of plants, Class 5 Pentandria, Order 1 Monogynia.

Generic Character. CAL. perianth one-leaved.-COR. petals five; anthers roundish.-PIST. germ ovate; style filiform; stigmas capitate.-PER. capsule one-celled; seeds many.

Species. The single species is a tree, as the Gluta benghas, native of Java.

GLUTEUS (Anat.) the name of three muscles belonging to the buttocks, namely, the maximus, medius, and minimus.

GLUTEN (Chem.) i. e. geluten, an adhesive substance extracted from animal and vegetable bodies; so called because, gelatur, it is congealed or concreted.-Animal Gluten, known by the common name of Glue, and in Greek xóaλa, is a constituent part of the fibres of all solid substances in the animal body.-Vegetable gluten, which is also simply called gluten, is a tenacious, ductile, and elastic substance, forming a constituent part in wheat-flour and other vegetable bodies.

GLUTIA (Anat.) the nates of the brain. GLUTINANS (Med.) an epithet for a medicine which agglutinates.

GLUTOS (Anat.) the buttock.

GLUTTON (Zool.) a cunning voracious animal, larger and slenderer than the Badger, the Ursus gulo of Linnæus. It inhabits the northern parts of Europe, Asia, and America; preys on hares, mice, rein deer, carcases, and the like food; but seldom attacks man, except when pressed by hunger.

GLY ČINE (Bot.) a genus of plants, Class 17 Diadelphia, Order 4 Decandria.

Generic Character. CAL. perianth one-leaved.-COR. papilionaceous. STAM. filaments diadelphous; anthers simple.-PIST. germ oblong; style cylindric; stigma obtuse.-PER. legume long; seeds kidneyform.

Species. The species are mostly perennial, as the-Glycine monoica, seu Phaseolus, Pale-flowered Glycine.-Glycine tomentosa, seu Anonis, Downy Glycine.-Glycine

apios, seu Astragalus, Tuberous-rooted Glycine.-Glycine monophylla, Lens, seu Crotalaria, Simple-leaved Glycine; but the-Glycine subterraxea, Arachis, seu Mandubi, and the Glycine tribola, seu Dolichos, Threelobed Glycine, are annuals; and the Glycine debilis is a biennial. Park. Theat.; Raii Hist. GLYCINE is also the Abrus precatorius. GLYCONIAN VERSE (Poet.) a kind of verse which consists of a spondee, choriambus, and pyrrhichius. GLYCYRRHIΖΑ (Bot.) γλυκύρριζα, from γλυκύς, sweet, and pia, a root; sweet root or liquorice, a plant so called from the sweetness of its root. It is called, by Theophrastus, the Scythian root, and also dos, because it removes hunger and thirst. Theophrast. Hist. Plant. 1. 9, c. 13; Dioscor, 1. 3, c. 7; Plin. 1. 21, c. 15; Oribas. Med. Collect. 1. 11; Aet. Tetrab. 1, serm. 1.

GLYCYRRHIZA, in the Linnean system, a genus of plants, Class 17 Diadelphia, Order 4 Decandria.

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Generic Character. CAL. perianth one-leaved. COR. papilionaceous.-STAM. filaments diadelphous; anthers simple.-PIST. germ short; style subulate; stigma obtuse.-PER. legume ovate; seeds few. Species. The species are perennials, as the-Glycyrrhiza echinata, seu Dulcis radix, Prickly-headed Liquorice, native of Gargano.-Glycyrrhiza glabra, Common Liquorice.-Glycyrrhiza hirsuta, Hairy Liquorice. Dod. Pemp.; Bauh. Hist.; Bauh. Pin.; Ger. Herb.; Park. Theat. Bot.; Raii Hist.; Tourn. Inst. GLYM (Archæol.) a valley or dale. GLYSANCON (Bot.) a species of southernwood. GMELI'NA (Bot.) a genus of plants, Class 14 Didynamia, Order 2 Angiospermia.

Generic Character. CAL. perianth one-leaved.-COR. Onepetalled.-STAM. filaments four; anthers simple.-PIST. germ roundish; style the length of the smaller stamens; stigma simple.-PER. drupe ovate; seed nut ovate. Species. The single species is a tree, as the Gmelina Asiatica, Lycium, seu Michelia.

GNAPHA'LIO affinis (Bot.) the Gnaphalium sanguineum of Linnæus.

GNAPHA'LIUM (Bot.) yaqάi, a plant, so called from its downy leaves, which were used instead of cotton and flax. It was reckoned detersive, exsiccative, and astringent. Dioscor. l. 3, c. 132; Plin. 1. 27, c. 10; Gal. de Simpl. 1. 6.

GNAPHALIUM, in the Linnean system, a genus of plants, Class 19 Syngenesia, Order 2 Polygamia Superflua. Generic Character. CAL. common.-COR. compound.STAM. filaments five; anthers cylindric.-PIST. germ ovate; style filiform; stigmas bifid.-PER. none; seeds oblong.

Species. The species are shrubs, perennials, and annuals. The following are the principal shrubs, namely, theGnaphalium eximum, seu Eliocrysum.-Gnaphalium arboreum, seu Anaxeton, Tree Everlasting.-Gnaphalium muricatum, Argyrocome, Xeranthemum, Gnaphaloides, seu Lychnis.-Gnaphalium Stoechas, Common Shrubby Everlasting, &c. The following are the principal perennials, namely, the Gnaphalium cymosum, Branching Everlasting.-Gnaphalium crispum, Curled Everlasting.-Gnaphalium margaritaceum, American Everlasting. The following are the principal annuals, namely, the Gnapha-|| lium luteo album, Jersey Everlasting.-Gnaphalium undulatum, Waved Everlasting. Clus. Hist.; Dod. Pempt.; Bauh. Hist.; Bauh. Pin.; Ger. Herb.; Park. Theat.; Raii Hist.; Tourn. Inst.

GNAT (Ent.) a well-known insect, the Culex of Linnæus, which lives by sucking the blood of larger animals. The larva resides in stagnant waters, and has a small cylindrical respiratory tube near the tail. The head is armed with

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hooks to seize upon the aquatic insects upon which it feeds. The pupa is incurved and ovate, with respiratory tubes near the head.

GNATHOS (Anat.) yvébos, signifies sometimes the whole cheek, and sometimes only the lower part between the angles of the eyes and ears. It is also taken for the jaw or jaw-bones.

GNEISS (Min.) German for the decomposed stone which forms the walls of veins. It has been used by Werner for a sort of rock that lies immediately over granite. GNE'MON (Bot.) the Gnetum gnemon of Linnæus. GNE'SION (Orn.) yor, genuine; an epithet for a species of eagle; signifying the real eagle. GNETUM (Bot.) a genus of plants, Class 21 Monoecia, Order 8 Monadelphia.

Generic Character. CAL. scale torn.-COR. none.-STAM. filaments single; anthers single.-PIST. germ ovate; style conic; stigma acute.-PER. drupe ovate; seed oblong.

Species. The single species is the Gnetum gnemon, native of the East Indies.

GNO'MA (Rhet.) yván, a sentence or sentiment which
Aristotle makes to be a part of the enthymem. Aristot.
Rhet. 1. 2, 2, c. 20, &c.; Quintil. 1. 8, c. 5.
GNOMON (Diall.) the stile, pin, or cock of the dial, the
shadow of which points out the hour.

GNOMON (Astron.) an instrument or apparatus for measuring
the altitudes, declinations, &c. of the sun and stars. The
gnomon is usually a pillar, column, or pyramid, erected
upon level ground or a pavement. The meridian height of
the sun may be found by this instrument in the following
manner, supposing A C to be the gnomon,
A B the shadow, C B part of a ray
drawn
from the centre of the sun, passing by
the top of the guomon and terminating
the shadow. These lines form the right
angled triangle B A C, of which the two
legs, A B and A C, may be supposed to
be given; then having the two sides, and one of the
angles, namely, the right angle A, the angles at B and C
are easily found by the rules of Trigonometry, the former
of which gives the sun's meridian, altitude, and latitude of
the place.

B

GNOMON (Geom.) a figure formed by the two complements with either of the parallelograms about the diameter. [vide Geometry]

GNOMO'NIC projection of the sphere (Math.) the representation of the circles of an hemisphere on a plane touching it in the vertex, by the eye in the centre, or by lines or rays issuing from the centre of the hemisphere to all the points in the surface.

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GNOMO'NICS (Dial.) another term for Dialling. GNO'SIMACHI (Ecc.) from yrs, knowledge, and peas, to contend against; a sect of heretics who were professed enemies to all study and acquired knowledge in matters of divinity.

GNO'STICS (Ecc.) a name given to the first heretics in the Christian Church who assumed to themselves an extraordinary share of war, knowledge. They afterwards branched out into a variety of sects, differing only in the degree of absurdity and impiety.

GNU (Zool.) a particular kind of antelope, the Antilope gnu of Linnæus, having horns bent forward at the base, and backwards in the middle; the neck maned; and tail being of a dirty white colour.

GOA (Bot.) a large fig-tree in Asia. GOAD (Mech.) a staff pointed with sharp iron to drive cattle with, particularly oxen.

GOARING (Mar.) is said of a sail which is cut gradually sloping, so as to be broader at the clew than at the earing.

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