TABLE II. — Immigrant Aliens Destined for Massachusetts and Admitted to the United States in 1913, and Averages for the Five-year Period, 1908-1912: By Races or Peoples. The races or peoples specified in Table II are those only which ranked highest with respect to the numbers destined for Massachusetts. There are, however, many peoples who come in great numbers to the United States, very few or practically none of whom are destined for this State. Thus in 1913 out of 80,865 Germans admitted to the United States, only 938 were destined for Massachusetts; of 42,499 Croatians and Slovenians, only 57; of 30,610 Magyars, only 81; of 30,588 Ruthenians (Russniak), only 965; and of 27,234 Slovaks, only 132. A comparison, by races, of the numbers of immigrant aliens destined for Massachusetts in 1913, with the average annual numbers so destined during the preceding five-year period, 1908-1912 (see Table II), shows that the rank of the seven leading races, namely, Italian (south), Polish, Portuguese, Irish, English, Hebrew, and Greek, was the same in 1913 as for the five-year period, except that the Portuguese ranked third in 1913 instead of seventh, as in the preceding five-year period. There was a marked increase in the number of Russians destined for Massachusetts in 1913, the number for that year having been 5,266 as compared with an annual average of 1,611 for the preceding five-year period, the per cent of increase having been 226.9. Other races or peoples showing a rate of increase exceeding 50 per cent were: Portuguese, 132.8; Syrian, 107.9; Armenian, 101.4; Polish, 79.8; Italian (south), 66.1; and Italian Massachusetts has always been one of the leading States as the declared destination of immigrants, ranking third or fourth for over 20 years, and having been exceeded only by New York, Pennsylvania, and Illinois. During the period 1894-1904 it was exceeded only by New York and Pennsylvania. During recent years there has been a marked change in the sources of immigration. A large part of our immigration was formerly of Teutonic and Celtic origin, but for several years the bulk of immigration has come from the countries of Eastern and Southern Europe and Western Asia. The number of such origin admitted to the United States in 1913 was 896,553,1 or about 75 per cent of all the immigrants admitted, the corresponding percentage in 1912 having been 68 per cent. Although Massachusetts receives a smaller proportion of this immigration than the country as a whole, nevertheless, approximately 55 per cent of the immigrant aliens destined for Massachusetts during the year 1913 were from Eastern and Southern Europe and Western Asia. The numbers of immigrant aliens admitted to the United States and to Massachusetts, together with the percentages of the number admitted who were destined for this State during the year ending June 30, 1913, are presented, by races or peoples, in Table II. The Italians (south) lead with 21,030, or 9.1 per cent of the total number of Italians (south) admitted to the United States. Second in point of numbers were the Polish, 13,627, or 7.8 per cent of the total number admitted to the United States, followed in numerical importance by: Portuguese, 9,002; Irish, 6,607; English, 6,541; Hebrew, 6,109; Greek, 5,919; and Russian, 5,266. For several years the Portuguese have shown the largest percentage destined for Massachusetts of any of the races or peoples represented in the aggregate immigration to the United States, the percentage in 1913 having been 66.4 as compared with 52.8 in 1912, 51.7 in 1911, 55.2 in 1910, and 62.9 in 1909. The percentages for the several races or peoples showing over 10 per cent destined for Massachusetts in 1913 were: Portuguese, 66.4; Armenian, 25.3; Syrian, 18.4; Irish, 17.8; African (black), 17.7; Finnish, 17.6; French, 16.1; Lithuanian, 16.1; Greek, 15.3; Scotch, 14.5; English, 11.8; and Russian, 10.2. The percentages for these several races destined for Massachusetts in most instances vary but little from the corresponding percentages for 1912, but there was a noticeable increase in the percentage of Portuguese, Syrians, and Poles admitted to the United States who were destined for Massachusetts. 1 This number was divided as follows: Italy, 265,542; Russia (principally Southern), including Finland, 291,040; Austria, 137,245; Hungary, 117,580; Greece, 22,817; Turkey in Europe, 14,128; Turkey in Asia, 23,955; Portugal, 14,171; Spain, 6,167; Bulgaria, Servia, and Montenegro, 1,753; and Roumania, 2,155. Report of Com missioner-General of Immigration, 1913, page 8. The total number of skilled workmen destined for Massachusetts was 12,976, or 8.1 per cent of the total number of skilled workpeople admitted to the United States. The occupations showing the largest numbers of skilled workpeople destined for Massachusetts were: Tailors, 1,632; shoemakers, 1,235; carpenters and joiners, 1,221; and weavers and spinners, 1,079. Over two-fifths (43.5 per cent) of the textile workers (not specified) entering the United States chose Massachusetts as their destination, while 27.6 per cent of the weavers and spinners, 10.7 per cent of the shoemakers, and 9.0 per cent of the barbers and hairdressers were so destined. There were 64,140 miscellaneous unskilled workpeople who were destined for Massachusetts in 1913, or 8.8 per cent of the 727,127 admitted to the United States. Farm laborers to the number of 26,283, or 8.2 per cent of the total number admitted to the United States, ranked first; laborers, 20,093, or 9.1 per cent, ranked second; and servants, 15,205, or 10.8 per cent, ranked third. For the five-year period laborers ranked first, with an annual average of 15,142, or 9.2 per cent; farm laborers second, with an annual average of 12,131, or 6.3 per cent; and servants third, with an annual average of 10,409, or 11.0 per cent. The total number of immigrant aliens entering this State in 1913 having no occupation (including women and children) was 23,807, or 8.0 per cent of the 297,188 admitted to the United States, while the corresponding per cent for the five-year period was 7.5. Table IV shows, by races or peoples, for each of the several years from 1909 to 1913, the numbers of immigrant aliens destined for Massachusetts with the corresponding totals for the five-year period. TABLE IV. Immigrant Aliens Destined for Massachusetts, 1909-1913: By Races or (north), 52.8. For all races taken in the aggregate the rate of increase was 48.6 per cent. TABLE III. - Immigrant Aliens Destined for Massachusetts and Admitted to the United States in 1913, and Averages for the Five-year Period 1908-1912: By Occupations. Table III shows, by occupations, the numbers of immigrant aliens admitted to the United States, the numbers destined for Massachusetts, with the corresponding percentages for the year 1913, and averages for the five-year period 1908-1912. The total number destined for Massachusetts classified as professional was 751 in 1913, this being 5.6 per cent of the 13,469 admitted to the United States. The percentage of aliens destined for Massachusetts and classified as engaged in professional occupations of the total number admitted to the United States was slightly larger in 1913 than for the preceding five-year period, the respective percentages being 5.6 and 5.4. Of those in professional occupations, teachers ranked first in point of numbers and likewise with respect to the percentage destined for Massachusetts. The total number of skilled workmen destined for Massachusetts was 12,976, or 8.1 per cent of the total number of skilled workpeople admitted to the United States. The occupations showing the largest numbers of skilled workpeople destined for Massachusetts were: Tailors, 1,632; shoemakers, 1,235; carpenters and joiners, 1,221; and weavers and spinners, 1,079. Over two-fifths (43.5 per cent) of the textile workers (not specified) entering the United States chose Massachusetts as their destination, while 27.6 per cent of the weavers and spinners, 10.7 per cent of the shoemakers, and 9.0 per cent of the barbers and hairdressers were so destined. There were 64,140 miscellaneous unskilled workpeople who were destined for Massachusetts in 1913, or 8.8 per cent of the 727,127 adImitted to the United States. Farm laborers to the number of 26,283, or 8.2 per cent of the total number admitted to the United States, ranked first; laborers, 20,093, or 9.1 per cent, ranked second; and servants, 15,205, or 10.8 per cent, ranked third. For the five-year period laborers ranked first, with an annual average of 15,142, or 9.2 per cent; farm laborers second, with an annual average of 12,131, or 6.3 per cent; and servants third, with an annual average of 10,409, or 11.0 per cent. The total number of immigrant aliens entering this State in 1913 having no occupation (including women and children) was 23,807, or 8.0 per cent of the 297,188 admitted to the United States, while the corresponding per cent for the five-year period was 7.5. Table IV shows, by races or peoples, for each of the several years from 1909 to 1913, the numbers of immigrant aliens destined for Massachusetts with the corresponding totals for the five-year period. TABLE IV.-Immigrant Aliens Destined for Massachusetts, 1909-1913: By Races or |