Construc tion of constitution. Powers re served to the states. Restriction of judicial powers. Mode of electing the Presi the United States. ARTICLE IX. The enumeration in the constitution of certain rights shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. ARTICLE X. The powers not delegated to the United States by the constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people. [The following amendment was proposed at the second session of the third Congress. It is printed in the Laws of the United States, 1st vol. p. 73, as article 11.] ARTICLE XI. The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens of another state, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign state. [The three following sections were proposed as amendments at the first session of the eighth Congress. They are printed in the Laws of the United States as ARTICLE TWELVE.] ARTICLE XII. 1. The electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote, by dent and Vice- ballot, for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall President of not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves; they shall name, in their ballots, the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice-President; and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate; the President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted; the person having the greatest number of votes for President shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers, not exceeding three, on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, President the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President. 2. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President shall be the Vice-President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list the Senate shall choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. Vice-Presi dent. 3. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President I. shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States. [In the edition of the Laws of the United States before referred to there is an amendment printed as article 13, prohibiting citizens from accepting titles of nobility, or honor, or presents, offices, &c., from foreign nations. But by a message of the President of the United States, of the 4th of February, 1818, in answer to a resolution of the House of Representatives, it appears that this amendment had been ratified only by twelve states, and therefore had not been adopted. See vol. v. of the printed papers of the 1st session of the 15th Congress, No. 76.] 55* INDEX TO VOLUME FIRST. [THE FIGURES REFER TO THE MARGINAL PAGES.] A. Abridgments of the law, 507, 508. of personal safety, ii. 12. Adjudications, force of, 473, 477, 478. criminal jurisdiction of, 360–364. cases, 364. have jurisdiction of cases of forfeit- Alliance, offensive and defensive, force of, ure and seizure, 375, 376. as instance courts, 378-380. forms of writs and other process in, in prize cases, 356. as to prize made on shore, 357, 358. notes. history of, traced, 366-368. in cases of mortgage of ships, 371 as to matters partly on sea and when suspended, 38. binding acts of, 40, 41. accession of England to principles by deputy of, 236 n. (2). 349. Cessio bonorum, what, 422. possession necessary to complete, laws, municipal, how affected by, in places ceded to U. Citizens, domiciled abroad, 74, 75. may not engage in foreign war, 100. rights of defence, 94, 95. ers, 100. Civil law, the, 515, 516. early Roman law, 516. age of Augustus, 532, 533. corpus juris civilis of Justinian, 538. the Institutes, 538. disturbed by barbarian invasions, |