Treatise on mineralogy, or The natural history of the mineral kingdom, tr. with additions by W. Haidinger, Volum 11825 |
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Andre utgaver - Vis alle
Treatise on Mineralogy, Or the Natural History of the Mineral Kingdom, Tr ... Friedrich Mohs Ingen forhåndsvisning tilgjengelig - 2019 |
Treatise on Mineralogy, Or the Natural History of the Mineral Kingdom, Tr ... Friedrich Mohs Ingen forhåndsvisning tilgjengelig - 2019 |
Vanlige uttrykk og setninger
acute terminal edges applied axes axis belong characters Cleavage colour compound form compound minerals Corundum crystallographic signs crystals denomination determined digrammic dimensions dodecahedron dron edges of combination enlarged equal and similar expressed forms contained four-sided prism fundamental form genus gonal hedron hemi-prismatic hexahedral hexahedron horizontal prism horizontal projection idea inclined diagonal individuals intersect isosceles four-sided pyramid kind lateral edges likewise limits lustre Mineral Kingdom Mineralogy Natural History natural-historical properties neral nomenclature obtained obtuse terminal edges octahedral octahedron parallel position particles perpendicular principal section prism prismatic prismatoidal produced pyra ratio regular six-sided prism rhom rhombohe rhombohedral Lime-haloide rhombohedral Quartz rhombs scalene eight-sided pyramid scalene four-sided pyramid scalene six-sided pyramids simple forms situation solid angles species specific gravity Streak subordinate series supposed System of Crystallisation Tessular tetrahedron tion transverse section trapezohedrons triangles twin-crystals varieties of rhombohedral
Populære avsnitt
Side 329 - ... in Natural History. It is not difficult to decide the question, whether or not the natural-historical resemblance should be fixed upon as the principle of classification in Natural History. In every science the classification must rest upon such relations as are objects of the science, and therefore it must represent nature according to the image expressed by these relations. Natural History refers to none but the natural-historical properties ; hence the approximation of heterogeneous bodies...
Side 10 - Natural History. It fixes the principle of classification ; and upon the idea of the species, it founds, according to this principle, the ideas of the Genus, the Order, the Class, and the Kingdom, in both the natural and the artificial systems ,• the difference of these it likewise indicates and explains. Lastly, by applying all these ideas to Nature, the outline of the system thus constructed, is furnished with its contents, in conformity to our knowledge of the productions of Nature, as obtained...
Side 385 - In this case, both hardness and specific gravity are prominent characters, and exclude the individual at once from the first and third, but not from the second class : with the characters of this class, its other properties also perfectly agree. Hence the individual belongs to the second class. Comparing the properties of the individual with the characters of the orders in the second class ; hardness and specific gravity will be found too great for the order Haloide ; hardness too great for the orders...
Side 340 - ... different degrees of resemblance are founded the higher ideas of the theory of the system. An assemblage of species connected by the highest degree of natural-historical resemblance is. termed a genus; an assemblage of similar genera an order; of similar orders a...
Side 383 - ... to have recourse to the dimensions of the forms. This is particularly necessary, if the genus, to which the mineral belongs, contain several species having forms of the same system, as is the case in the genus Augite-spar. The common goniometer in most cases will suffice for determining the dimensions of the forms, the differences in the angles being in general so great, that they cannot easily be missed, even by the application of this instrument. If the differences be small, and their distinction...
Side 304 - ... alone is not sufficient, if we intend to make a more sure and extensive application of the characters that may be taken from hardness, than that which has hitherto been common in Mineralogy. But if we take several specimens of one and the same mineral, and pass them over a fine file, we shall find that an equal force will everywhere produce an equal effect, provided that the parts of the mineral in contact with the file be of a similar size, so that the one does not present to the file a very...
Side 304 - Every person, however little accustomed, will experience a very marked difference, if comparatively trying in this way any two subsequent members of the above scale, and thus the difference in their hardness will be easily perceived. A short practice is sufficient for rendering these perceptions more delicate and perfect so that in a short time it is possible to determine differences in the hardness very much less than those between two subsequent members of the scale. "Upon these observations is...
Side 362 - ... octahedral, dodecahedral, prismatic iron ore, &c.— The great advantage of the systematic nomenclature is, that the names produce an image of the objects to which they refer, which the trivial nomenclature can never do ; for example, if we hear the name peritomous titanium ore, and have only an idea of the order ore, this at once will produce a general image of the species, which will be still more restricted if we have some idea of the genus titanium ore ; but, on the other hand, if we hear...
Side 383 - It will be useful to give a short explanation of the process used in the determination of minerals. If a mineral is to be determined, first its Form, if this be regular, must be ascertained, at least as far as to know the system to which it belongs. Then Hardness and Spedfic Gravity must be tried with proper accuracy, and expressed in numbers.
Side 17 - A Treatise on the External, Chemical, and Physical Characters of Minerals. By Robert Jameson, Regius Professor of Natural History, &c.