Population of the United States and Territories from 1790 to 1870. CENSUS STATISTICS. 1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 Slaves Slaves in 1790 in 1860 Alabama Mobile. Arkansas. California Florida Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas 238,141 251,202 262,042 59,096 64,273 72,674 82,548 162,101 252,433 12,282 4,875 24,520 127,901 309.527 590,756 14,255 30,388 97.574 92,597 379,994| 560,285 275,102 297,675 309,978 370,792 460,147) 72,749 537,418) 2,759 76,748 78,085 91.532 112,216 125,015 8,887 1.798 34,730 54,477 87.445 140,425 187,756 340,983 516.823 691,392 906,185 1,057,286|1,200,609|29,264/462,232 55,102 157,445 476,183 851,470 1,711,951|2,539,638| 147,178 343,031 685,866 Fort Leavenworth.. 107,206 362,872 982,405 1,155,684 1,321,061 11,830 225.490 517.762 708,002 732,731 583,169 628,279 626,463 583,034 687,049 333,010 780.806 103,036 87,188 994.514 1,231,066|1,457,351 397.654 749,113 1,184,296 6,077 172,173 606,526 791,305 435,511 834,170 436.696 682,044 1,182,012 1,715,000 114,965 28.841 123,000 6,857 42.41 284,574 317,976 326,073 318,3001 373.306 489,555 672,035 Maine Maryland. Michigan Mississippi. Nebraska. New Hampshire. New Jersey. New York... Pennsylvania. Texas... Vermont Virginia West Virginia. Boonesboro.. Fort Snelling. St. Genevieve. Delaware Co. Pr. du Chien. 158 905,794 11,423] 141,899 183,762 214,360] 184,139 211,949 245,555 340,120 586,756 959,049 1,372,111 1,918,608 2,428,921 3,097,394 3,880,735 4,364,411 21,324| 393,751 478,103 555.500) 638,829 737,987 753 119 869,039 992,622 1,069,614 100,572 331,081 937,903 1,51 167 1,980,329 2,339.511 2,662,214) 13,294 52,465 90,922 45,365 230,760| 581,295 69,110 69,122 77.031 97,199 108,830 147,545 174,620 217,356) 581,185) 594,398 668.507 703.708 7:28,000 107,194 402,541 681,904 829,210 1,002,717 1,109,801 1,257,983 3,417 275,781 212.592 604,215 797,500 85,416 154,465 217,713 235,749 280,652 291,948 314,1201 315,098 330,552 748,308 880,200 974,622 1,065,129 1,211,405 1,239,797 1,421,661 1,246,690|1,224,830], Population of the United States and Territories from 1790 to 1870.-(Continued.) TERRITORIES. " 1800. "1810. "1830. "1860.. Grand total in 1870.. 3,929,827 As shown in the last census (1870), the seven leading States rank, according to population, as follows: (1) New York; (2) Pennsylvania; The ratio of increase in population from 1790 to 1800 was 35.02 per cent.; from 1800 to 1810, 36.45 per cent,; from 1810 to 1820, 33.13 per cent.; PART THIRD. THE PEOPLE AND THE GOVERNMENT. 1. All government is professedly for the good of the people; but in point of fact, nearly every government that has ever been instituted has been in the interest of an individual, a family, or a class. American statesmen, in forming our government, admitted the superior rights of no man or class of men. It was carefully organized to exclude all claims or pretenses of that kind, with a single exception, at first, which afterward disappeared in the tempest of a civil war. The executive, the various members of the government, and the law makers depend on the people for their elevation. At first they possessed only the dignity, privileges, and rights of the people at large, and, their term of office expired, they return to the same level, honored, indeed, if they have been faithful servants; if not, carrying to their dishonored graves the reproaches and contempt of their fellow-citizens, but retaining, in neither case, a vestige of the power and exaltation over others that clothed them when in office, the contrary of which so often makes an unworthy man respectable in a different form of government. 2. That the masses of the people would be able to exercise a true sovereignty without abusing it was always doubted until the trial was made in this country. A very respectable class of statesmen in the early days of the Republic, sympathized in this doubt, and it even crept into the Constitution in the form of electors who were to choose the President; intimating a distrust of the wisdom and sound discretion of the voters in the choice of the Chief Magistrate. The liberty allowed to the Legislatures of the States to determine the manner in which electors should be chosen, while it recognized State authority on one side, on the other implied a hesitation to trust so important a matter directly to the people; and for a long time they were only indirectly consulted as to the choice of a President. 3. It was not, however, caused by a desire to keep power from them, but rather to avoid the unhappy effect of popular heat and rashness, so often observed in popular governments before attempted. This distrustful party first took control of the government, retained it during three presidential terms, and for many years afterwards formed an influential minority whose criticisms were of importance in establishing a traditional policy for the government. This party-the Federalists, headed by Washington and Hamilton-sought to found a strong and stable government that should be able to fully protect the country from foreign interference and domestic discord. Their control over the administration was somewhat abruptly closed by acts considered arbitrary, interfering with full freedom of speech and of the press-the "Sedition Laws" as they were called. Jefferson and the Republican party demanded the largest popular freedom, and had the conduct of the government for twenty-four years, impressing on its habits and policy the respect for the opinions of the people at large that has ever since characterized it. The people gradually gained control of presidential elections and practically set the electors aside, making and enforcing their own choice in general elections. 4. The exercise of popular sovereignty has gradually been enlarged, no qualification but that of age and nativity being now generally required, and the government may fairly be considered to represent the views of a majority of the people, and not only of the native, but also of the foreign born; since the |