THE

NEW YORK SUPPLEMENT

VOLUME 54,

CONTAINING TIIE DECKSIONS OF THE

SUPREME AND LOWER COURTS OF RECORD

OF NEW YORK STATE.

PERMANENT EDITION.

NOVEMBER 24, 1898—JANUARY 5, 1899.

WITH TABLES OF New YORK SUPPLEMENT CASES IN VOLS. 31, 32, APPELLATE Division
REPORTS; 24, MisceLLANEOUS REPORTS; 5, NEW YORK

Annotated Cases REPORTS.

A TABLE OF STATUTES CONSTRUED IS GIVEN

IN THE INDEX.

ST. PAUL:

WEST PUBLISHING CO.

COPYRIGHT, 1899.

BY

WEST PUBLISHING COMPANY.

NEW YORK SUPPLEMENT, VOLUME 54,

NEW YORK STATE REPORTER, VOL. 88.

JUDGES

OF THE

Courts Reported During the Period Covered by this Volume.

GEORGE C. BARRETT.

MILES BEACH.
ABRAHAM R. LAWRENCE. HENRY W. BOOKSTAVER,
CHARLES H. VAN BRUNT. HENRY BISCHOFF, JR.
EDWARD PATTERSON. ROGER A. PRYOR.
MORGAN J. O'BRIEN.

LEONARD A. GIEGERICH
GEORGE L. INGRAHAM. WILLIAM N. COHEN.
CHARLES H. TRUAX.

JOHN J. FREEDMAN.
FREDERICK SMYTH.

P. HENRY DU GR0.
CHARLES F. MCLEAN.

DAVID MCADAM.
JOSEPH F. DALY.

HENRY A. GILDERSLEEVE.
HENRY R. BEEKMAN.

FRANCIS M. SCOTT.

Justices of the Third District. SAMUEL EDWARDS.

ALDEN CHESTER. EDGAR L. FURSMAN.

EMORY A. CHASE. D. CADY HERRICK.

ALPHEUS T. CLEARWATER,

GEORGE A. HARDIN.

MAURICE L. WRIGHT.
MILTON H. MERWIN.

PETER B. McLENNAN.3
PARDON C. WILLIAMS.% WILLIAM E. SCRIPTURE.

FRANK H. HISCOCK.

Justices of the Seventh District.
CHARLES C. DWIGHT.

JOHN M. DAVY.
WILLIAM RUMSEY.

WILLIAM E. WERNER
WILLIAM H. ADAMS.

JAMES W. DUNWELL.
EDWIN A. NASH.

Justices of the Eighth District.
HENRY A. CHILDS.

ALFRED SPRING.
JOHN S. LAMBERT.

FRANK C. LAUGHLIN.
HAMILTON WARD.

ROBERT C. TITUS.
MANLY C. GREEN. 1

TRUMAN C. WHITE.
WARREN B. HOOPER.

CITY COURT OF NEW YORK.

JAMES M. FITZSIMONS, CHIEF JUSTICE.

JOHN H. MCCARTHY.

JOHN P. SCHUCHMAN.
LEWIS J. CONLAN.

EDWARD F. O'DWYER

W. M. K. OLCOTT. Died October 10, 1898. 'Re-elected. Assigned in November, 1898, to Appellate Division, to succeed Mr. Justice Green. * Appointed November, 1898, by Governor, to succeed Mr. Justice Green.