Mr. TAVENNER. You spoke of the Communist Party publication on the campus. What was the name of that paper?

Mr. APPELL. It wasn't a publication on the campus. It was the Michigan extension of the Daily Worker, I think.

Mr. TAVENNER. Was it circulated by members of your group of the Communist Party?

Mr. DALY. Yes. I subscribed to it, I remember.

Mr. TAVENNER. Will you tell the committee, please, anything else you desire to state regarding the circumstances under which you left the Communist Party?

Mr. DALY. Well, as I said before, I became, as I recall, discouraged and disinterested, and the philosophy of the Communist Party didn't present any philosophy that I could believe in. They seemed to insist, as I recall, that dictatorship was necessary, and I don't think-it has never been demonstrated to me that any dictatorship has been other than complete totalitarianism. Let me search my mind. This arrest, of course, had something to do with it. In fact, I was placed on probation. I was just beginning to see my way out of these problems I was having at the time in relationship to this business of having a personal philosophy. I couldn't accept their philosophy. It seemed to be a negative philosophy.

Mr. TAVENNER. Have you had any association or affiliation with the Communist Party since you withdrew in 1948?

Mr. DALY. None.

Mr. TAVENNER. Your break with the Communist Party has been final and complete?

Mr. DALY. That is right. I do recall that I did see John Cherveny once or twice after that.

Mr. TAVENNER. Was that in connection with Communist Party matters?

Mr. DALY. No, no.

Mr. TAVENNER, Mr. Chairman. I have no further questions.

Mr. CLARDY. Well, I have none, either. As I told you at the outset, we appreciate very much your cooperation with the committee. I don't think you will ever have any cause whatever to regret that cooperation because we certainly shall do nothing that will in any way reflect upon you.

Mr. DALY. May I ask a question?

Mr. CLARDY. You may.

Mr. DALY. The board of education, and superintendent of my school system, while they don't say so, I think they are kind of concerned. Will they be able to rest at ease, or

Mr. CLARDY. I will, of course, have to discuss that with the other members of the committee, but if my recommendation is adopted, I think that neither they nor you will have any cause to be alarmed, sir. Mr. DALY. I am not sure-I mean whether they will believe me or not.

Mr. CLARDY. Off the record.

(Discussion off the record.)

Mr. CLARDY. The hearing is adjourned until 1:30.

(Thereupon, at 12: 10 p. m., the hearing was recessed, to reconvene upon the call of the Chair.)

INVESTIGATION OF COMMUNIST ACTIVITIES IN THE STATE OF MICHIGAN-PART 1

(Detroit-Education)

MONDAY, MAY 3, 1954

UNITED STATES HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES,

PUBLIC HEARING

Detroit, Mich.

The subcommittee of the Committee on Un-American Activities met, pursuant to notice, at 9:35 a. m., in room 859 of the Federal Building, Hon. Kit Clardy, presiding.

Committee members present: Representatives Kit Clardy (acting chairman), Gordon H. Scherer, and Morgan M. Moulder.

Staff members present: Frank S. Tavenner, Jr., counsel; Donald T. Appell and W. Jackson Jones, investigators; and Mrs. Juliette P. Joray, acting clerk.

Mr. CLARDY. The committee will be in order. Are you ready to proceed, Mr. Counsel?

Mr. TAVENNER. Yes, sir.

Mr. CLARDY. Before we call the first witness, the committee has a brief announcement or two to make. First I want to record for the record the fact that the Honorable Harold H. Velde, chairman of the full committee, has appointed a subcommittee consisting of Congressman Scherer, of Ohio; and Congressman Moulder, of Missouri; and myself to conduct the hearings in Michigan.

Due to the fact that we are in a Federal courtroom and, further, due to the fact that this is a committee of Congress, the no-smoking rule will be enforced throughout the proceeding in the hearing room itself as distinguished from the corridor outside.

During the progress of the hearings the committee wants to emphasize the fact that there must be no demonstrations of any kind whatsoever, either of approval or disapproval. This is a committee of Congress, and we must have the decorum that must be observed at any time before such committees or in a courtroom.

The committee has caused subpenas to be issued for a number of people, but it has not, up until a witness is called to the stand, announced the names of those who have been subpenaed, and it will adhere to that rule. We cannot, of course, be responsible for those who have given their own names to the press, to the public, of their own accord.

We have a set of printed rules that will be observed, and in practice throughout the proceeding. One of those rules provides that

all witnesses may be represented by counsel who will advise them on their constitutional rights, and if at any time during the proceedingand I say this because there are a number of witnesses present, and it will save time and make it unnecessary to repeat this announcement each time-any of the witnesses feel that they need a brief recess for the purpose of a lengthy conversation with their counsel as to the rights that they may have, a request by the witness will be honored. There is one thing I do want to emphasize, and I want all the witnesses to pay close attention to this: Under our rules, as everyone should know, any prepared statement that any witness wishes to put into the record must have been presented to the committee in advance of the opening of the hearing. There will be no prepared statement admitted unless that rule has been observed because the subcommittee has no alternative but to observe all of the rules as they have been agreed to unanimously by this committee.

Now, a great many other points will arise as the hearing proceeds. If any witness has any question about the rules and their application, he may address such query to the committee at any time during the progress of the hearing.

Now, Mr. Counsel, if you are ready, you may call your first witness. Mr. TAVENNER. Mr. Gerald I. Harrison.

Mr. FIELD. Could this witness request that no pictures be taken in this hearing room?

Mr. CLARDY. Have you had a copy of our rules?

Mr. FIELD. I have not.

Mr. CLARDY. May I give you a copy at this time because the right of counsel does not extend to making arguments and so on, but I understand what you have in mind. I will ask you to identify yourself in

a moment.

Will you raise your right hand and be sworn? You do solemnly swear that the testimony you are about to give will be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help you God?

Mr. HARRISON. I do.

Mr. CLARDY. Will you be seated? Are you represented by counsel? TESTIMONY OF GERALD I. HARRISON, ACCOMPANIED BY HIS COUNSEL, G. LESLIE FIELD

Mr. HARRISON. Yes, I am represented by counsel.

Mr. CLARDY. Very well. Will counsel identify himself on the record?

Mr. FIELD. My name is G. Leslie Field, 415 Dime Building. I have been requested to ask, but I guess it is too late, that no photographs be taken.

Mr. CLARDY. May I announce the rule on that? I am sorry I overlooked suggesting that. If, after the witnesses are sworn, any of them wish to request that no further photographs be taken, it will be honored; that is during the testimony. Up until the time the witness is sworn, we have a standing rule that the photographers may photograph us or anyone in the courtroom, but thereafter if the witness desires to have the photographers cease, we will order them to cease. Mr. HARRISON. It is obviously impossible to do that at this moment. Mr. CLARDY. It is impossible up until the time you are sworn be

cause that is the rule we observe. Will the photographers please desist?

Mr. HARRISON. These rules of procedure were handed to me a few minutes before the proceedings began.

Mr. CLARDY. That is right.

Mr. HARRISON. I request that this committee adjourn the hearings until I have had an opportunity to consult with my counsel regarding the rules of procedure.

Mr. CLARDY. The hearing will not be adjourned. Will you take your seat? Counsel, you may

sit.

Mr. FIELD. May I address one question?

Mr. CLARDY. You may not. We do not permit that rule to be violated. At the recess if you have anything to suggest, you may, or you may have your witness address any question you have in mind. Mr. FIELD. May I file a motion to quash the subpena?

Mr. CLARDY. You may file it, yes, sir; and it will be duly put into the files of the committee.

Mr. HARRISON. May I request that the committee act upon this motion which my attorney has made?

Mr. CLARDY. You may make such a request. Now will you be seated. Are you ready to proceed?

Mr. FIELD. I would like to say the motion-

Mr. CLARDY. I am sorry.

Mr. HARRISON. I would like the committee to act upon the motion

which——

Mr. CLARDY. For the moment the motion will be denied, and it will be taken under further advisement for further action at the proper time. Will you proceed, Mr. Counsel?

Mr. TAVENNER. Will you be seated, please, sir.

Mr. HARRISON. I prefer to stand.

Mr. CLARDY. No; you may be seated. We prefer it.

Mr. TAVENNER. What is your name, please, sir?

Mr. HARRISON. My name is Gerald Harrison.

Mr. TAVENNER. When and where were you born?

Mr. HARRISON. Ottawa, Canada, in 1916, July 20.

Mr. TAVENNER. When did you come to the United States?

Mr. HARRISON. I believe it was in 1922 or 1923.

Mr. TAVENNER. Are you a naturalized American citizen?

Mr. HARRISON. No; I derived my citizenship from my father's citizenship.

Mr. TAVENNER. When and where was your father naturalized? Mr. HARRISON. I am not sure exactly when nor exactly where. I believe it was in New York around the beginning of the century, I think around 1922 or 1923 or thereabouts.

Mr. TAVENNER. Had your father lived in Canada for any considerable period of time before your birth there?

Mr. HARRISON. I am not aware of the exact year that he went to Canada.

Mr. TAVENNER. Your father had not lost his citizenship after leaving the United States and going to Canada, I presume?

Mr. HARRISON. Not to my knowledge.

Mr. TAVENNER. Where do you reside?
Mr. HARRISON. In Highland Park.

Mr. TAVENNER. The city of Detroit?

Mr. HARRISON. No; the city of Highland Park.

Mr. TAVENNER. What is your profession?

Mr. HARRISON. Well, I am a teacher, a teacher of mathematics, and my training has been mathematics.

Mr. TAVENNER. Will you tell the committee, please, what your normal educational training has been for your profession?

Mr. HARRISON. Is this to determine my competency to answer questions or for what purpose is this question asked?

Mr. TAVENNER. Well, the obvious purpose of it is that the committee may understand something of your background and experience.

Mr. HARRISON. Well, I received my bachelor's and master's degrees at Arizona State College at Tempe, Ariz., and I received my doctor's degree in mathematics at the California Institute of Technology in 1943.

Mr. TAVENNER. Will you tell the committee, please, what your record of employment has been?

Mr. HARRISON. Could I ask what the purpose of that question is? Mr. TAVENNER. The same purpose as it was, to ascertain your background regarding your educational qualification.

Mr. HARRISON. Well, I am presently employed by the board of education of Detroit.

Mr. TAVENNER. What other employment have you had?

Mr. HARRISON. Previous to that I was in the physics department of Queens College.

Mr. TAVENNER. What was the date, please?

Mr. HARRISON. I believe it was the spring semester of 1948 that I was at Queens College.

Mr. TAVENNER. Very well, sir. Prior to that how were you employed?

Mr. HARRISON. Prior to that I was employed by the Sperry Gyroscope Co. for a period of roughly a year, 13 months or so.

Mr. CLARDY. At what place, witness?

Mr. HARRISON. This was at the Sperry Gyroscope Co., in Lake Success.

Mr. CLARDY. Where?

Mr. HARRISON. In Lake Success. It is a small village.

Mr. CLARDY. On Long Island?

Mr. HARRISON. That is right, on Long Island.

Mr. CLARDY. Where for a temporary period the United Nations had its headquarters?

Mr. HARRISON. That is true.

Mr. TAVENNER. What was the nature of your employment there? Mr. HARRISON. I was there, I believe, as a project engineer, working on the matters which the company presented to me.

Mr. TAVENNER. By "project engineer" what do you mean?

Mr. HARRISON. Well, this is hard to explain. They needed someone to work out mathematical, theoretical, so to speak, results, which would be in aid of the engineering staff and whatever other needs arose, and though they had no title for this type of work, they gave it the title of project engineer. It doesn't indicate that I am an engineer because, of course, I am not.

Mr. TAVENNER. How long were you employed there, please?