Steam Power Plant Engineering

Voorkant
J. Wiley & sons, 1908 - 816 pagina's
 

Inhoudsopgave

Lignite
18
Composition of Coal
19
Combustion
20
Temperature due to Combustion
23
Air Required for Combustion
24
Calorific Value of Coal
25
Heat Losses in Burning Coal
26
Loss in the Dry Chimney Gases
27
Heat Carried away by the Dry Chimney Gases per Pound of Combustible
28
Loss due to Incomplete Combustion
30
Loss of Fuel through Grate
31
Loss due to Presence of Hydrogen in the Fuel
32
Radiation and Minor Losses
33
Washed Coal
34
Effect of Washing on Bituminous Coals
35
Purchasing Coal
36
Powdered Coal
38
Storing Powdered Fuel
39
Efficiency of PowderedCoal Furnaces
40
Analyses of Typical American Fuel Oils
46
Tests of FuelOil Burners
56
RobbMumford Boiler
63
Heating Surface
69
Effect of Capacity on Efficiency
75
Required Hourly Evaporation per Boiler Horse Power at Various Feed
84
Step Grates Side Feed
91
Wooley Smokeless Furnace
97
Examples of Steam Boiler Tests
98
Rocking Grates
99
Fusible Plugs
105
CHAPTER V
108
Superheated Steam SuperhEATERS
130
Values of cp at Atmospheric Pressure by Various Authorities
135
Types of Superheaters
138
Materials for Superheaters
146
Difference in Heat Efficiency of Superheaters Installed in Flue and Sepa
152
COAL AND ASHHANDLING APPARATUS
157
CHAPTER VII
181
Density and Weight of Air and Chimney Gas at Various Temperatures
183
Size of Chimneys for Steam Boilers
190
Approximate Weight and Cost of Guyed Steel Stacks
196
CHAPTER VIII
219
Dimensions of Steel Chimney Foundations
221
Sizes of ForcedDraft Fans
234
Sizes of InducedDraft Fans
236
STEAM ENGINES
241
Steam Engine Efficiencies
244
Mechanical Efficiencies of Engines
246
Heat Losses in the Actual Engine
248
Loss due to Wire Drawing
254
Distribution of Friction Losses in Engines
255
Single and Double Acting Engines
260
Performance of HighSpeed Engines
267
Medium and Low Speed Engines
268
Continued PAGE 178 Triple and Quadruple Engines
271
Performance of SaturatedSteam Engines Compound
272
Influence of Condensing
273
Throttling vs Automatic CutOff
276
Per Cent Moisture Evaporated by Throttling
278
Influence of Superheat
279
Performance of SuperheatedSteam Engines
281
Effect of Superheat on Simple Engines
282
Effect of Superheat on Compound Engines
283
Effect of Superheat on Triple Expansion Engines
284
Binary Vapor Engines
285
Cost of Engines
290
STEAM TURBINES 291339
291
De Laval Turbine
293
Elementary Theory De Laval Turbine
295
RiedlerStumpf Turbine
300
Kerr Turbine
301
Curtis Turbine
304
Elementary Theory Curtis Turbine
311
HamiltonHolzworth Turbine
315
WestinghouseParsons Turbine
318
Elementary Theory Parsons Turbine
322
LowPressure Turbines
326
Advantages of the Steam Turbine
328
Absence of Oil in Condensed Steam
330
Performance of Steam Turbines
332
First Cost
334
Influence of Superheat
335
Influence of High Vacua
337
CONDENSERS 340404
340
Function of the Condenser
341
Pressures of Aqueous Vapor Regnault
342
Classification of Condensers
343
Common Jet Condenser
344
Condensing Water Jet Condensers
347
Effect of Aqueous Vapor upon the Degree of Vacuum
348
Ratio by Weight of Cooling Water to Steam Condensed
349
Injection Orifice
350
Volume of Condenser Chamber
351
Size of Siphon Condensers
352
Test of a Pennel SaturatedAir Condenser
372
Evaporative Surface Condensers
373
226a Independent System
374
Central Condensing Systems
379
HighVacuum Systems
381
Power Consumption of Condenser Auxiliaries
384
Power Consumption of Condenser Auxiliaries
386
Cost of Condensers
387
Most Economical Vacuum
388
Choice of Condensers
389
WaterCooling Systems
390
233a Cooling Pond
391
233b Spray Fountain
392
Cooling Towers
393
Parallel Comparison of Fan and NaturalDraft Cooling Towers
397
Properties of Saturated Air
400
Tests of Cooling Towers
402
FEEDWATER PURIFIERS AND HEATERS 405455
405
Influence of Thickness of Scale on Heat Transmission
406
Temperature Measurements
407
Boiler Defects Report of Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insur ance Company
408
Chemical Purification
410
Use of Kerosene and Petroleum Oils in Boiler Feed Water
411
Methods of Introducing Compounds
412
Mechanical Purification
413
Purifying Plants
414
Economy of Preheating Feed Water
418
Classification of FeedWater Heaters
419
Open Heaters
420
Open Heaters and Purifiers
423
FeedWater Temperatures Open Heaters
424
Pan Surface Required in Open Heaters
425
Classification of Closed Heaters
426
Closed Heaters WaterTube
427
Closed Heaters SteamTube
428
Heating Surface Closed Heaters
430
Heat Transmission Closed Heaters
431
Extent of Heating Surface Closed Heaters
432
Mean Temperature Difference Closed Heaters
433
Heat Transmission Closed Heaters
436
Open vs Closed Heaters
438
Through Heaters
439
Induced Heaters
440
LiveSteam Heaters and Purifiers
441
Economizers
442
Value of Economizers
445
Factors Determining Installation of Economizers
446
Choice of FeedWater Heating Systems
450
Performance of Piston Pumps
465
Pump Duties for Various Efficiencies and Steam Consumptions
471
Maximum Height to which Pumps can Raise Water by Suction Tem perature Constant
472
Variable
473
Power Pumps
477
Range of Working Pressure Metropolitan Injectors
484
Commercial Sizes of Air Pumps for Condensers
488
Alberger Rotative DryAir Pump
491
Data Pertaining to SingleStage Centrifugal Pumps
500
Data Pertaining to MultiStage Centrifugal Pumps
501
Tests of Steam Separators
510
CHAPTER XV
540
Dimensions of Standard WroughtIron Pipes
545
Comparative Costs of Different Types of Flanges
548
Dimensions of Extra Heavy Flanges
549
Stop Valves
589
General
603
Continued PAGE 361 Identification of Oils
606
Viscosity
607
Burning Point or Fire Test
608
Atmospheric Surface Lubrication
609
Oil Cups
611
Ring Oiler
612
Pendulum Oiler
613
Gravity Oil Feed
614
Cylinder Lubrication
616
Hydrostatic Lubricator
618
Siegrist System of Lubrication
619
Oil Filters
621
FINANCE AND ECONOMICS COST OF POWER 624657
624
Load Factor
625
Cost of Operation
627
Depreciation
628
Maintenance
633
Fuel
634
Oil Waste and Supplies
637
Specifications for a Condenser Plant
644
TESTING AND MEASURING INSTRUMENTS 658677
658
Fuel Calorimeters
675
Government Specifications for Purchasing Coal
702
A TYPICAL ISOLATED STATION WEST ALBANY POWER
714
APPENDIX
724
A S M E RULES FOR CONDUCTING STEAM ENGINE
745
STEAM TABIES
796
APPENDIX
803
Copyright

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