tural Chemists of the United States and such physicians, not less than five in number, as the President of the United States may select from the Medical Department of the Army, the Navy, and the United States Marine Hospital Service, and such chemists, not less than five in number,. as the President of the United States may select; and the Secretary of Agriculture may conter with and consult duly accredited representatives of all industries for whose products standards shall be established under the provisions of this

act.

The standards so determined shall guide the chemists of the Department of Agriculture in the performance of the duties imposed by this act and shall be the standards before all courts. Section 9. That every person who manufactures for shipment and delivers for transportation from any State, Territory, or the District of Columbia, to any other State, Territory, or the District of Columbia, any drug, condiment, beverage, or article of food, and every person who exposes for sale or delivers to a purchaser any drug, condiment, beverage, or article of food received from a State, Territory, or the District of Columbia, other than the State, Territory, or the District of Columbia in which he exposes for sale or delivers such drug, beverage, or article of food, and which article is in the original unbroken package in which the same was received, shall furnish within business hours and upon tender and full payment of the selling price a sample of such drugs, condiments, beverages, or articles of food to any person duly authorized by the Secretary of Agriculture to receive the same, and who shall apply to such manufacturer or vender or person delivering to a purchaser such drug, beverage, or article of food for such sample for such use, in sufficient quantity for the analysis of any such article or articles in his possession. And in the presence of such dealer and an agent of the Department of Agriculture, if so desired by either party, said sample shall be divided into three parts, and each part shall be sealed by the seal of the Department of Agriculture. One part shall be left with the dealer, one delivered to the chemist of the Department of Agriculture, and one deposited with the United States District Attorney for the district in which the sample is taken. Said manufacturer or dealer may have the sample left with him analyzed at his own expense, and if the results of said analysis differ from those of the chemist of the Department of Agriculture the sample in the hands of the District Attorney may be analyzed at the expense of the said manufacturer or dealer by a third chemist, who shall be ap pointed by the president of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists of the United States, and the analysis may be conducted in the presence of the chemist of the Department of Agriculture and the chemist representing the dealer, and the whole evidence shall be laid before the court.

Section 10. That any manufacturer or dealer who refuses to comply, upon demand, with the requirements of section nine of this act shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon convic tion shall be fined not exceeding one hundred dollars, or imprisoned not exceeding one hundred days, or both. And any person found guilty of manufacturing or offering for sale or selling an adulterated, impure, or misbranded article of food, condiment, or drug in violation of the provisions of this act shall be adjudged to pay, in addition to the penalties heretofore provided for, all the necessary costs and expenses incurred in inspecting and analyzing such adulterated articles which said person may have been found guilty of manufacturing, selling or offering for sale.

Section 11. That this act shall not be construed to interfere with the commerce wholly internal in any State, nor with the exercise of their police powers by the several States.

Section 12. That any article of food, condiment, or drug that is adulterated within the meaning of this act, and is transported, or is being transported, from one State to another for sale, or if it be sold or offered for sale in the District of Columbia and the Territories of the United States, shall be liable to be proceeded against in any district court of the United States, within the district where the same is found and seized for confiscation, by a process of libel for condemnation; and if such article is condemned as being adulterated the same shall be disposed of as the said court may direct, and the proceeds thereof, if sold, less the legal costs and. charges, shall be paid into the Treasury of the United States. The proceedings in such libel cases shall conform, as near as may be, to proceedings in admiralty, except that either party may demand trial by jury of any issue of tact joined in such case, and all such proceedings shall be at the suit of and in the name of the United States.

PROCEEDINGS IN DETAIL.

Washington, Jan. 18.-The second annual meeting of the National Pure Food and Drug Congress opened in Washington, D. C., at Columbian Uni

versity Lecture Hall to-day. The attendance of druggists was numerous and representative; both of the two national associations of retail pharmacists and wholesale druggists had delegates there and the new National Association of Retail Druggists was represented unofficially by President Hynson. Many State and local organizations of pharmacists sent delegates. As is usual with pharmaceutical conventions, it was long after the hour named in the call before the meeting opened. After an impressive prayer by Rev. Byron Sunderland, the pastor of the First Presbyterian Church of Washington, in which he bitterly denounced adulterators of food and drugs, the Hon. John B. Wight, president of the Board of Commissioners of the District of Columbia, was introduced and officially welcomed the delegates. In doing so he referred to "these terrible days at the end of the nineteenth century, when men in their mad haste to accumulate wealth will resort to the adulteration of food and drugs," and paid a compliment to

JOSEPH E. BLACKBURN,

President of the Pure Food and Drug Congress, re-elected at Washington, January 20, 1899.

the congress for its efforts to secure preventive legislation.

The local section of the congress welcomed the delegates through Frank Hume, its president, after which the president of the congress, Hon. Jos. R. Blackburn, Dairy and Food Commissioner of Ohio, made his presidential address. He advocated the passage of the Brosius-Faulkner bill, which has just been favorably reported by a committee of the United States Senate, and recommended as well the adoption of separate laws by the individual States to guard against food and drugs adulteration. He admitted that the Brosius bill was a compromise measure, but no other but a compromise bill could stand a chance of adoption at the present time. He said he hoped that delegates would consider long and earnestly before proposing amendments, as every new amendment would lessen the chances of the bill's passage during the present session of Congress.

The Hon. James Wilson, Secretary of Agriculture, was introduced by Presi

dent Blackburn. After the declaration that he was too busy a man to prepare a speech, Secretary Wilson started in and gave an address that was by all odds the most interesting and valuable of any delivered during the forenoon session. The State laws for the prevention of adulteration were inadequate, he said, and should be supplemented by national legislation. He touched briefly on some of the difficulties experienced in securing pure-food legislation and told how the passage of the Brosius-Faulkner bill was stopped in committee in order to give the maker of some spurious article

an

opportunity to submit a substitute bill. He closed by saying that the man who introduces counterfeit or spurious. goods was the one dead fly in the ointment pot.

Mr. Wilson was followed by his assistant in the Department of Agriculture, the Hon. J. H. Brigham, who advocated action looking to the speedy passage of the bill under consideration. The routine business of the convention was then taken up and some discussion on the appointment of committees ensued. It was finally moved that resolutions be received if presented and referred to the proper committees, after the latter were named..

J. H. Redsecker, of Lebanon, Pa., interrogated the chair in regard to the proceedings. "A gentleman," he said, "had made himself famous at the other end of the avenue a few years ago by asking where he was at. I want to know now where I am at? Is this a continuation of the previous congress, an adjourned meeting, or is it a new meeting?"

The chair announced it as his opinion that the meeting was an adjourned meeting. [The invitations to the meeting read "Call for second annual meeting."l Mr. Manning, of Massachusetts, said that if the president's opinion was to be construed into a ruling, the meeting was fettered by the rules of the previous congress. There was then nothing for them to do, and they might as well disband and return to their homes.

The appointment of a Committee on Credentials was made. The following were named: E. T. Abbot, St. Joseph, Mo., chairman; E. E. Dow, Toledo, O.; R. G. Eccles, New York; Newton W. Arnold, Providence, R. I.; Matthew Trimble, Washington, D. C.

Dr. J. W. Frear, of the State College. Pennsylvania, reported as chairman of the Executive Committee. He described the present status of the movement to procure the passage of the Brosius-Faulkner bill, and stated that a majority of the Senate Committee had expressed themselves in favor of the bill.

The forenoon session adjourned at 2.30 o'clock. Before adjourning the State delegates were asked to meet and name representatives to serve on the commit-. tees on Order of Business, Organization and Resolutions.

SECOND SESSION.

The congress re-assembled on Thursday morning at 10 o'clock, with President Blackburn in the chair. The Committee on Credentials were expected to report at the morning session, but the chairman of the committee was not ready, and it was made an order for the afternoon session. Representative Brosius, of Pennsylvania, the father of the Pure Food Bill, occupied the attention of the assemblage instead with an address of great oratorical force, in which he

discussed the late war, the policy of expansion, the character of our representatives in Congress, and the evils of food adulteration. Of the results of the war he said: "In 90 days God has set forward civilization 100 years.' Of the Philippines and the progress of pure food legislation: "The question of the Philippines came before that of pure food was out of the way. Now we must meet both problems. They stand before us like the riddle of the Sphinx, and death is the penalty for failure to answer either one.' The popular opinion in regard to Congressmen was touched upon: "I am quite aware of the disrepute into which the members of that body have fallen with many estimable people. An old lady once wrote to me for a few more of those obituary speeches. I so like to read about dead Congressmen!'" Referring to the agitation in favor of pure food legislation he said:

The principle which underlies the pure food legislation we are seeking is that it is the duty of government to supply so far as it can a health-producing environment to promote commercial integrity and personal honesty and advance the condition of human well-being. This is a perfectly simple and lucid proposition which all understand, and if it only took hold of us like Asiatic grip we would all contribute something to bring it about. We have on these lines laws against the sweating shops, and lim-iting the hours of labor, sanitary precautions in our cities, oleomargarine laws, poor laws, and in many States pure food laws. This is to pro

tect the human family.

Philosophers tell us that, other things being equal, the food of a people determines the increase of their numbers, and the increase of their numbers the rate of their wages, and the latter the distribution of wealth, political power, and social influence; in short, civilization. Differences in food help to account for variety in national characteristics. There is a connection more intimate than we suspect be tween the people's food and their follies, their meat and their morals, their stomachs and the State, their digestion and the national destiny. The outcome of the policy of expansion will depend in no inconsiderable degree on how well the American brain is nourished by pure and wholesome food. Voltaire said that the fate of a nation often depended upon the good or bad digestion of a prime minister. Motley declared that the gout of Charles V. changed the destiny of the world. Emerson said he knew a physician who insisted that "a man's religious creed is likely to be formed in his biliary duct -if the liver is sound he would be a Únitarian; if diseased, most likely a Calvinist."

He continued:

"Every man has the right to have glucose in his syrup, if he prefers it that way; colored apple jelly for raspberry jelly; salicylic acid in his preserves and copper sulphate in his vegetables if he wants his food treated in that way, but he should be able to distinguish the adulterated article from the genuine, as they are displayed in the groceries. The view of an American's stomach after partaking of a dish of socalled strawberry jam, as seen by a Spaniard, was described as a mixture of glue, glucose, flavoring extracts, aniline dyes and timothy seed."

One of the delegates asked if there was any prospect for the passage of the bill this session. Mr. Brosius stated that he did not think it would be possible to secure its enactment, as there were only forty days left in which to act on matters of grave national and international importance.

Resolutions to amend the pure food bill as reported from the Senate Committee, and known as Senate Bill No. 4144, were called for by the chair at the conclusion of Mr. Brosius' address.

The first amendment was proposed by Mr. Walter, of Missouri, who represented the National Confectioners' Association. It provided merely for the transposition of a paragraph separating the candy adulteration clause from the clause relative to food and drugs. It was

marked resolution No. 1, and referred to the Committee on Resolutions.

J. B. T. Tupper asked for the insertion of a paragraph relating to the internal revenue regulations regarding the stamping of oleomargarine and definitions.

Mr. Fenner, of Fredonia, N. Y., appeared on behalf of the Proprietary Association of America, to request an amendment to section 7 of the law. This section reads:

"13. Sec. 7. That the Secretary of Agriculture is hereby authorized to cause all compounds, mixed, or blended products to be properly branded and prescribe how this shall be done."

The Proprietary Association asked for the insertion of the word "food" after blended and before products.

Mr. Thoman of the National Brewers' Association suggested that means be taken to bring the bill up for speedy passage by means of concurrent resolutions in the House and Senate. He urged that the delegates present he asked to petition their representatives in the State legislatures to adopt resolutions informing Congress of the necessity for immediate enactment of the Pure Food Bill.

Mr. Abbott, of Missouri, asked for a suspension of the rules and the immediate adoption of the motion, as he considered it of great importance. But objection being made by Mr. De Witt, of Chicago, the motion took the usual course. A few other resolutions of more or less importance and direct bearing on the bill were presented on behalf of various Associations and referred, after which came the reception of reports of officers. President Blackburn, Secretary Wedderburn and Treasurer Harper each reported. The report of the Treasurer was referred to a committee consisting of J. H. Redsecker, of Lebanon; W. S. Thompson, of Washington, D. C., and Mr. Brewer, of North Carolina.

AFTERNOON SESSION.

ex

The congress adjourned for luncheon at 12.30, and re-assembled at 2 o'clock. The afternoon was to have been devoted to a programme of addresses, but after the delivery by Dr. H. W. Wiley, of the Department of Agriculture, of an temporaneous address on "The Ethics of Pure Food," E. C. De Witt, of the Proprietary Association, moved a postponement of further addresses until the business of the convention had been transacted. This was not in any way intended as a reflection upon the effort by Dr. Wiley, which was witty and pleasing, but intended to facilitate the transaction of the business before the convention. Mr. De Witt was supported in his motion by M. C. Wickoff, of Ithaca, N. Y., and it being put to a vote was carried, though some opposition developed from the farming interest, a member from Virginia, the State which was most heard from in oratorical outbursts, speaking earnestly against the proposed stoppage. One old lady delegate complained in audible tones to those around her, saying that she had come a long way just to hear the speeches.

The order of business was then taken up, and E. T. Abbott, of St. Joseph, Mo., the chairman of the Committee on Credentials, submitted his report, after which the following committees were announced by President Blackburn: Committees on Rules and Order of Business (26 members), on which were the following four pharmacists: M. E. Church, Falls Church, Va.; H. P. Gilpin, Balti

more, Md.; Ged. A. Newman, Louisville, Ky.; M. N. Kline, Philadelphia, Pa. Committee on Resolutions, consisting of 25 members, the following-named being pharmacists; M. E. Church, Falls Church, Va.; Thomas J. Keenan, New York City; A. J. Corning, Baltimore, Md.; Geo. A. Newman, Louisville, Ky.; M. N. Kline, Philadelphia, Pa. Committee on Organization, 25 members, of which the following were pharmacists: Charles E. Dohme, Baltimore, Md.; Geo. A. Newman, Louisville, Ky.; M. N. Kline, Philadelphia, Pa.

A report was then made by Prof. J. H. Beal, of Ohio, on uniformity in regard to the regulations concerning adulterated foods. He said that the committee thought the proposition embraced three things-uniformity in the methods of analysis, uniformity in the pure food laws of the several States and of the United States, and uniformity in the methods of marking the different products concerned. These three aspects of the question had been put in the hands of three sub-committees, of which he would make the report for the sub-committee on uniform State legislation. Three recommendations were made the enactment by Congress of a law concerning the general subject of adulteration, the publication of an authoritative compilation of the State laws on this subject with the decisions of the courts upon them, and the draught of a general law on adulteration to be prepared by a committee appointed by the president of the Association and the Chief Chemist of the U. S. Department of Agriculture.

William Frear reported for the subcommittee on uniformity of analysis, recommending that the congress abide by and encourage the work which was being done in this direction by the Association of Agricultural Chemists.

The session then adjourned, and gave place to a meeting of the Committee on Resolutions, which had invited the authors of all amendments to the BrosiusFaulkner bill to appear before it to present arguments in favor of the amendments they wished inserted. Delegates opposed to the amendments were also invited to attend.

After disposing of three resolutions looking to the amendment of the bill, the first, proposed by the National Confectioners' Association, being adopted; the second, proposed by the Proprietary Association of America, voted down, and the third referred for further consideration, the Committee adjourned to meet after dinner for the consideration of the remaining eleven resolutions unacted upon at the National Hotel.

The Committee on Resolutions convened in the banquet hall of the hotel at 8 o'clock in the evening with Dr. H. W. Wiley in the chair. The various resolutions offered for adoption by the congress were read by the chairman and action taken upon them by the committee; none had any relation to pharmacy.

THIRD SESSION.

The third day's session was opened about an hour after the advertised time with a good attendance of delegates and visitors. President Blackburn occupied the chair.

Senator "Billy" Mason, of Illinois, was to have addressed the members at the opening of the session, and he was at the hall at 10 o'clock for that purpose, but none of the delegates had then put in an appearance. After waiting about

thirty minutes, he was obliged to leave. President Blackburn made an announcement from the platform to this effect and stated that an arrangement had been made with the Senator that when he returned he would be given the floor. Reports were then asked for from the different committees. The first report from the Committee on Order of Business recommended that the convention be brought to a close at the end of the present session. The report of the Committee on Resolutions was presented by Dr. Wiley, and the several recommendations of the committee were adopted by the congress. The reading of the report was interrupted by the entrance of Senator Mason, who was introduced to the meeting. The Senator made an effective speech, in which he begged the delegates above all things for organization. "Your enemies are organized," said he, "for let any Senator or Representative introduce a bill into Congress providing that goods be labeled for what they are and he is immediately surrounded by an organized gang.' He counseled unceasing activity. He had revised the saying attributed to Napoleon and his version was "All things come to those who hustle while they wait."

The following resolution introduced by Prof. J. H. Beal, of Scio, O., was adopted unanimously by the Committee on Resolutions:

That the Pure Food and Drug Congress ap. prove and recommend the standards and methods of the United States Pharmacopoeia for the analysis of official drugs and medicínes, and the standards and methods of the American Pharmaceutical Association for the analysis of drugs and medicines not recognized by the United States Pharmacopoeia.

The report of the Committee on Organization was submitted after the speaker left the platform. The following officers were nominated and elected to serve during the ensuing year:

OFFICERS CHOSEN.

The officers chosen are as follows: Jos. E. Blackburn, president, Columbus, O.; Frank Hume, first vice-president, Washington, D. C., and one from each State; Alex. J. Wedderburn, corresponding secretary, Washington, D. C.; Franklin Dye, recording secretary, Trenton, N. J.; R. N. Harper, treasurer, Washington, D. C.

Executive Committee, Wm. Frear, State College, Pennsylvania; W. S. Thompson, Washington, D. C.; L. M. Frailey, Camden, N. J.; F. J. H. Kracke, New York, N. Y.; W. A. Withers, Raleigh, N. C. President, first vice-president and secretaries are ex-officio members.

Chairman of committees, Wm. Frear, Executive, State College, Pennsylvania; Frank P. Hendley, Finance, Philadelphia, Pa.; H. W. Wiley, Legislative, Washington, D. Č.; J. H. Beal, State Legislation, Scio, O.; Frank Hume, Advisory, Washington, D. C.

This concluded the business of the session, and the congress adjourned.

Notes of the Meeting.

The representatives of the several Pharmaceutical Associations held informal meetings at one end of the hall prior to the opening of each session, and that part of the hall came, consequently, to be known as Pharmacists' Corner. The various caucuses were usually presided over by former President H. M. Whitney, of the American Pharmaceutical Association. It was a matter of comment among the delegates representing other industries, that the pharmacists were the best organized of all, but this was scarcely true. The agricultural interests controlled the whole policy of the congress under, of course, the dextrous management of the officials of the United States Department of Agriculture, and the president of the congress, himself a graduate pharmacist.

Among the pharmacists who took a

prominent part in the deliberations of the congress were, Chas. E. Dohme, of Baltimore, representing the American Pharmaceutical Association; John H. Manning, of Pittsfield, Mass., Massachusetts Pharmaceutical Association; Prof. Wm. Simon of Baltimore, Md., American Chemical Society; Louis Schulze, of Baltimore, Maryland Pharmaceutical Association; Owen C. Smith, of Baltimore, Baltimore Retail Druggist Association; Chas. A. Catlin, Rumford Chemical Works, Providence, R. I.; Thomas J. Keenan, of New York City, New York State Pharmaceutical Association; Prof. J. Uri Lloyd, of Cincinnati, Ohio Pharmaceutical Association; Wm. R. Warner, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, State representative, appointed by the Governor; Dr. Chas. T. George, of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, do.; Mahlon N. Kline, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Pharmaceutical Association and Philadelphia Board of Trade; J. H. Redsecker, of Lebanon, Pennsylvania State Pharmaceutical Association: H. C. Porter, of Towanda, Pennsylvania State Pharmacy Board; E. A. Cornell, of Williamsport, do.; M. E. Church of Falls Church, Virginia Pharmaceutical Association; H. M. P. Clark, of Davis, W. Va.; E. C. DeWitt, of Chicago, Ill., Proprietary Association of America; H. M. Fenner, of Fredonia, N. Y., do.; M. C. Wickoff (Boothe's Hyomei), of Ithaca, N. Y., do.; Horace M. Sharp (Dr. Jayne's Remedies), of Philadelphia, N. Y., do.; A. Cressy Morrison (Scott & Bowne), of New York City, do.; Geo. A. Newman (California Fig Syrup), of Louisville, Ky., do.; W. S. Thompson, of Washington, D. C., American Pharmaceutical Association; A. J. Corning, of Baltimore, Md., do.; John F. Patton, of York, Pa., do.; F. E. Stewart, of New York City, do.

Not all, however, of the above-mentioned participated in the pharmacists' conferences. These were attended almost exclusively by the representatives of the National and State Pharmaceutical Associations, the highest attendance numbering about twenty. The first of the caucuses took place in the pharmacy of W. S. Thompson, on Fifteenth street, near the place of meeting. The president of the American Pharmaceutical Association and the president of the National Association of Retail Druggists both attended this meeting and a definite policy was here mapped out. It developed at this meeting that the pharmacists were generally opposed to the re-election of Joseph E. Blackburn to the presidency of the congress. Dr. R. G. Eccles, of New York, who attended, took no active part in the deliberations of the first caucus. He busied himself instead with test tubes and chemicals, taking entire possession for the time being of Mr. Thompson's laboratory. Dr. Eccles has made the discovery that no sample of ethyl alcohol is ever entirely free from traces of methyl alcohol, and he attempted to demonstrate this to President Hynson, of the N. A. R. D. and others, while the caucus was going on.

A. J. Corning, of Baltimore, distinguished himself at the first meeting of the committee on resolutions, by a particularly violent attack upon the proprietary medicine men. The genesis of a proprietary medicine was described in unmistakably bitter and uncomplimentary terms, but it needed not his fierce denunciation to defeat the amendment to the bill proposed by the Proprietary Association. The congress seemed determined, from the outset, to resist and refuse any concessions to the proprietary

medicine interests, though the vote to reject the amendment was far from unani

mous.

Dr. H. W. Wiley, chief of the Chemical Division of the Department of Agriculture, presided at the sessions of the committee on resolutions, and his conduct as chairman was remarkably fair and just. During the long debate over the amendment introduced by Mr. Fenner, of the Proprietary Association, he never once interfered, except to recognize a speaker. In this respect he was above reproach.

The individuals composing this "National Pure Food and Drug Congress" were of divers types and characters, and afforded many an interesting study. The man who may be said to be the founder of the movement-Alexander J. Wedderburn, the secretary of the congress-is an enthusiast who would make for the success of any movement, especially among that large class of citizens which places rhetoric and oratory above thought and action. He is a Virginian, tall and spare of figure, with cropped gray hair and untrimmed beard, jerky and active in his movements, and careless as to dress. He has been longer identified with the agitation for pure food and drugs than anyone else connected with the congress, but the control of affairs has apparently now passed beyond him to the officials of the Food and Dairy Commission of Ohio and the Chemists of the Department of Agriculture, who now seem perfectly able to secure their object without the help of the numerous associations of farmers, grocerymen, dairymen, domestic scientists, "vital friends," and others who have given them aid in the past.

The delegates were received by President McKinley at the White House on the third day of the congress. The reception took place in the East Room and was attended by delegates to the number of 250. Mr. Blackburn and the rest of the Ohio contingent had the advantage of a personal acquaintance with the President and they utilized this for the introduction of favored friends. Dr. R. G. Eccles, of New York, was brought to the President's attention in this way, by F. W. Herbst, of Cleveland. The President had two formulas for greeting visitors: "Pleased to Meet You," and "Glad to See You."

A Specimen of Brosius' Invective.

Representative Brosius, the author of the Pure Food Bill, as a question of personal privilege, caused to be read in the House of Representatives a Washington despatch to the Toledo, O.," Commercial," headed "Brosius apparently earns his salary easier than any other member of Congress," and charging him with sleeping through the sessions of the House. Mr. Brosius branded the paragraph as a wicked and baseless falsehood, and a cowardly and brutal calumny. Not only was it untrue that he had slept during the sessions, but of late, owing to the state of his health, he had been able to sleep in his bed a small portion only of the hours nature allotted to that sweet restorer. He felt justified in applying to the writer of the paragraph a simile used before: that if that individual had been born a beast he would have been a panther; if a fish, he would have been a mudcat; if a bird, he would have been a buzzard; if a reptile, he would have been a lizard; if an insect, he would have been a bedbug; but as he had been born a human being, he was nothing more than a villainous liar.

SHORTER-HOURS LEAGUE CON

DEMNED.

Discussion on Cod-Liver Oil.

The regular quarterly meeting of the College of Pharmacy was held at the College on Tuesday, January 17th, with President Kemp in the chair.

After disposing of a few matters of detail, resolutions were presented by T. J. Macmahan conferring the degree of Doctor of Pharmacy on those graduates who had participated in the Spanish American war. The resolution laid over under the rules.

Annual Report of the Board. Sidney Faber, Secretary of the Board of Pharmacy, presented the annual report of the Board for the past year showing that the total number of registered pharmacists in this city is 4,405. According to a police census taken during February there are 3,212 pharmacies in the whole of Greater New York. On motion of Mr. Mayo the report was accepted and the thanks of the College were extended to the Board for the excellent work done by it in behalf of pharmacy in the Greater New York.

The Shorter-Hours League Condemned.

A. C. Searles presented the following resolutions condemning the methods of the Shorter-Hours League:

Whereas, The attention of the officers and members of this college has been called to the fact that appeals for money have been made and are being made to clergymen and other citizens of New York in the name of a so-called "Druggists' League for Shorter Hours," which appeals are accompanied by statements in regard to the drug trade, and,

Whereas, The members of the College of Pharmacy of the City of New York have reason to believe that the relations of this college and its members (reputable druggists in the City of New York) may be misunderstood or misrepresented; now, therefore, be it

Resolved, That the College of Pharmacy of the City of New York disapproves and condemns the action of the so-called "Druggists' League for Shorter Hours" in making such appeals for money, and cautions the public against the same, and be it further

Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions be mailed to the pharmaceutical press, the New York City papers, the Charity Organization Society and to the clergymen of this city.

Upon motion of Mr. Bigelow the resolutions were adopted.

Mr. Mayo also seconded the movement for the adoption of the resolutions and directed the attention of the members to the fact that the adoption of these resolutions constituted a complete departure from the policy so long pursued by the College of holding entirely aloof from pharmaceutical affairs except in so far as they concerned the teaching of pharmacy. He stated that he had long held that everything which concerned pharmacy also concerned the College, that he believed that the College should take an active part in all pharmaceutical affairs so that it might be looked upon by the pharmacists of Greater New York as the conservator of all their interests, whether intellectual or commercial. He stated that he was heartily in favor of the adoption of these resolutions and he hoped that in voting for them the members would do so with a full realization of the fact that they thereby reversed the policy of non

long pursued by the institution.

Mr. Caswell and Mr. Faber also spoke in favor of the adoption of the resolutions, Mr. Faber taking occasion to corroborate some of the statements made by Mr. Mayo concerning the advisability of the College interesting itself more widely in pharmaceutical affairs.

The president announced the names of the Committee on Nomination, who were charged with the selection of candidates for offices to be submitted at the annual meeting in March. The Committee on Scientific Papers was then called upon for its report and Caswell A. Mayo, chairman of the committee, introduced the speakers to discuss the subject of Cod Liver Oil as follows:

"The Codfish, its Related Species, Food, Habits and Propagation," by Major Fred Mather, late of the U. S. Fish Commission.

"The Commerce in Cod Liver Oil," by J. H. Stallman, of Stallman & Fulton. "The Chemistry of Cod Liver Oil," by E. H. Gane, Ph. C., with McKesson & Robbins.

At the conclusion of these papers, the first of which was illustrated by numerous stereopticon views of the Lofoten Islands and of the cod fisheries, both in Norway and America, the chairman

stated that owing to the inability of a gentleman to be present who had been expected to lead the discussions, it would be necessary for him to open the discussion on the preparation of cod liver oil. Mr. Mayo opened his remarks by a brief resume of the different classes of preparations used in the exhibition of the oil. The classes he arranged as follows:

(1). The oil itself.-Either (a) plain, (b) flavored or (c) medicated.

(2). Emulsions.-Either (a) true. (I.) Simple. (II.) Medicated. (III.) Compound as with malt, etc. (b) Chemical. (I.) Partially saponified, as in the German mixture with lime water. (II.) Pancreatized.

(3). Jellies.-Which are as a rule plain. These preparations are quite popular in France, and enjoy a certain degree of popularity in England, but are little known in the United States. While fairly palatable they do not keep well. Allied to this class is Adipogen, a paste composed of the liver of the cod, which is of German origin, and was introduced in this market a few years ago. (4). Extracts. Including Gaduol, Morrhuol and the various derivatives and educts from the oil, some sixteen or eighteen in number. (5).

Wines and similar preparations, based upon solutions of the extracts or educts of the oil. And finally the

Sixth class, in which the various succedanea of the oil may be mentioned.

He then made cursory mention of typical preparations under several of the classes.

In commenting upon the papers Professor Coblentz stated that some of the color reactions produced from the codliver oil residues simulated those of some of the alkaloids, a fact which had been brought out in the course of work done by him in the preceding year in connection with the Ohio prosecutions. Mr. Mayo said that it would be of some interest and would be quite amusing to those familiar with toxicological work to know that in the Ohio prosecutions one chemist had based his statement that morphine was present in a cod-liver oil emulsion upon color reactions obtained from the amylic alcohol extract of an ethyl alcohol extract of the emulsion.

In closing a vote of thanks was extended to the gentlemen who had presented papers. (Two of the papers are presented on another page.)

Proceedings of the Adjourned Meeting.

At the adjourned meeting of the College held on Tuesday evening, January 10th, the proposed amendment to the pharmacy law came up for discussion. The members of the Conference Committee on Pharmacy Law, representing the College, and the City Board of Pharmacy, consisting of President C. O. Bigelow, Secretary Sidney Faber and Oscar Goldmann, were present to urge the adoption of the amendments, and there was a fair attendance of members present, though the assemblage was a small one compared with what was expected in view of the importance of the matters to be presented to the meeting. President Edward Kemp occupied the chair and the proceedings were recorded by O. J. Griffin. Dr. Rudolph Gies, assistant librarian and clerk, had a seat on the platform.

The various amendments to the existing pharmacy law were presented and read to the meeting by Mr. Bigelow, who explained the objects of the amendments and elucidated the text. It was evident from the start that the New York members of the Conference Committee were prepared to resent any interference with their work, and the few criticisms and suggested improvements in the phraseology and punctuation of the proposed new law made by some of the members were received with a weary smile of tolerance, where they were not greeted with open expressions of impatience. The principal objections to the adoption of the amendments were made by Trustee Macmahan. He made repeated requests for information regarding the objects of different amendments which he objected to, and after being informed, his invariable comment was, "Well, all I want to say is, that that amendment will kill the law."

Re-registration was objected to. Mr. Macmahan asked the real purpose of this amendment, and Secretary Faber surprised both his associates on the Conference Committee and the members of the College with the reply that "it will bring money into the treasury of the College." Mr. Macmahan greeted this confession by Mr. Faber with the exclamation: "That is just what I object to." Mr. Caswell, of Caswell, Massey & Co., then protested against any hasty adoption of the bill. He asked how long the amendments had been under consideration by the Conference Committee, and said an opportunity should have been given the members of the College to study the proposed changes carefully before coming to the meeting. Mr. Kemp interposed with a defense of the committee, and insisted that as the proposed amendments had been adopted after careful consideration by a committee of the College especially appointed for this purpose and acting in concert with committees from the other recognized pharmaceutical institutions of the city, any captious criticism of the bill could not be construed as other than a reflection on the members, who had undoubtedly devoted considerable time and labor to drafting the bill. He asked if the objectors wished the members to sit on the bill and hatch it out in one evening. Mr. Macmahan supported Mr. Caswell, and objected to the adoption of the amendment calling for the display of the real proprietor's name on the front of the premises. He